The following dangers could occur when operating the gas chromatograph using hydrogen gas

 

The following dangers could occur when operating the gas chromatograph using hydrogen gas:

• If hydrogen gas accumulates in the gas chromatograph oven, it could potentially ignite. For example, if hydrogen gas is continuously introduced at room temperature into a 15 L enclosed space at a rate of 40 mL/min (recommended flowrate for FID), it is calculated to reach the explosion limit (4 %) after 15 minutes. However, if the gas concentration inside the space is not uniform, the explosion limit may be reached in a shorter time.
• Hydrogen gas leaking from tubing could potentially ignite.
• If hydrogen gas released from the gas chromatograph accumulates in the room where it is installed, it could potentially ignite.
• If hydrogen gas is discharged from the high-pressure gas cylinder, sudden expansion of the gas could potentially cause it to ignite.

 

High-Pressure Gas Cylinder Precautions

When a high-pressure gas cylinder is used as the gas supply source, receive proper guidance on handling gas cylinders from the gas cylinder supplier, and handle the cylinder in a safe manner.

Set up the high-pressure gas cylinder outdoors in a well-ventilated location not exposed to direct sunlight. Introduce the gas via piping into the installation room. Do not store fuel gases and oxidizers next to each other. A firewall must separate fuel and oxidizer gases.

Do not place the high-pressure gas cylinder in a location where the temperature can exceed 40 °C. Secure the high-pressure gas cylinder with a cylinder stand or chain, etc., so that it does not fall over.

Do not use fire within 5 m of the high-pressure gas cylinder (especially a flammable gas).

Keep an effective fire extinguisher close at hand in preparation for any fire-related accident. When attaching a pressure regulator, confirm that there are no leaks. 1. Close the outlet valve. 2. Open the main valve on the gas cylinder. 3. Adjust the regulator's secondary pressure to 0.3 MPa. 4. Close the main valve on the gas cylinder. 5. After 30 minutes, check if the drop in pressure is 0.015 MPa or less.

Use only an oil-free "high-purity" pressure regulator. Do not use regulators with neoprene diaphragms or "welding-grade" regulators. When high-pressure gas is used, provide adequate ventilation and check for gas leaks using 50% methanol/water (do NOT use soap or detergents, as micro-leaks can cause these substances to leak INTO a tubing system and contaminate it so that the entire system must be replaced), etc. prior to starting operation.

Ensure that tubing internal surfaces in contact with the gas are oil-free. Do not release hydrogen gas directly from the high-pressure gas cylinder into the atmosphere.

When gas use is complete, immediately shut off the main valve on the cylinder.

Inspect the pressure gauge at least once every three months.

Warning signs indicating hydrogen gas use are available. Ask your Shimadzu representative for more details about attaching these signs. Signs are supplied free of charge to sites in which they are mandatory.

NOTE - For safety, use a hydrogen generator if possible. - Minimize the period from gas cylinder purchase to disposal (or return to the cylinder supplier).

 

Precautions for Maintenance, Inspections, and Adjustments 

 

Be sure that hydrogen gas leak check equipment is always available, and regularly perform leak checks on the hydrogen gas line. You are recommended to install a hydrogen gas alarm in the room where the instrument is located.

Perform a leak check after reconnecting tube joints or hydrogen gas supply joints. Failure to do so can cause serious accidents, such as fires or explosions.

Stop the supply of hydrogen gas when the instrument is not being operated. Failure to do so can cause serious accidents, such as fires or explosions.

Gas Chromatography Hydrogen Gas Safety Introduction

 

Gas Chromatography Hydrogen Gas Safety

Introduction

 

Hydrogen gas (H2) is used for the flame ionization detector (FID) in gas chromatographs (GC). Hydrogen is a dangerous gas that explodes easily. This page describes the potential dangers and precautions for the safe use of hydrogen gas in gas chromatographs.

• Introduction
• Precautions During Installation
• Precautions When Operating the Instrument
• Precautions for Maintenance, Inspections, and Adjustments
• High-Pressure Gas Cylinder Precautions
• Dangers Associated with Gas Chromatograph During Operation
• Gas Chromatograph Operation Procedures When Using Hydrogen Gas
• Cautions When Using Hydrogen Gas with FID, FPD or FTD Detectors
• Recommended Emergency Measures
• GC Parts

A cylinder is a sealed container that can contain a gas or liquid. "High-pressure gas cylinders" filled with a gas at high pressure are often used with analytical instruments. When using a high-pressure gas cylinder as a gas supply, take instructions from the high-pressure gas cylinder supplier to ensure safety and prevent accidents. High-pressure gas cylinders are color-coded according to the type of gas they contain, as follows: hydrogen - red; oxygen - black; nitrogen - gray; helium - gray; argon - gray; carbon dioxide - green; acetylene - brown. As hydrogen is a flammable gas, a left-hand thread (CGA-350) is used at the cylinder outlet. (Helium cylinders also use a left-hand thread in some cases.)

 

Hydrogen Gas Properties

Hydrogen is a dangerous gas which can easily explode if handled improperly.
When hydrogen is used, be sure to understand the characteristics and proper handling of this gas.

• Colorless, odorless gas
• Wide combustion range, between 4 vol% and 75 vol% mixture with air
• Ignites with extremely low energy.
• Easily accumulates near the ceiling, as it is lighter than air.
• Quickly mixes with air due to its high diffusion rate.
• Rapid expansion causes automatic ignition.
• The hydrogen flame is invisible, and easily carried by drafts.
• When mixed with a halogen gas such as chlorine, hydrogen explodes on direct exposure to sunlight.

Precautions related to hydrogen gas are also listed in the gas chromatograph instruction manual.
Also read these precautions.

On this page, actions that must NOT be performed and actions that must be performed are indicated using the following two icons.

Lab Health and Safety 11 Gas Chromatography Safety Tips

 

Gas chromatography requires handling compressed gases (nitrogen, hydrogen, argon, helium), and flammable and toxic chemicals. Consult product MSDSs before using such hazardous products. Specific precautions for working with gas chromatographs include

Gas chromatography requires handling compressed gases (nitrogen, hydrogen, argon, helium), and flammable and toxic chemicals. Consult product MSDSs before using such hazardous products. Specific precautions for working with gas chromatographs include:

1. Perform periodic visual inspections and pressure leak tests of the sampling system plumbing, fittings and valves.

2. Follow the manufacturer's instructions when installing columns. Glass or fused capillary columns are fragile: handle them with care and wear safety glasses to protect eyes from flying particles while handling, cutting or installing capillary columns.

3. Turn off and allow heated areas such as the oven, inlet and detector, as well as connected hardware, to cool down before touching them.

4. To avoid electrical shock, turn off the instrument and disconnect the power cord at its receptacle whenever the access panel is removed.

5. Turn off the hydrogen gas supply at its source when changing columns or servicing the instrument.

6. When using hydrogen as fuel (flame ionization FID and nitrogen-phosphorus detectors NPD), ensure that a column or cap is connected to the inlet fitting whenever hydrogen is supplied to the instrument to avoid buildup of explosive hydrogen gas in the oven.

7. Measure hydrogen gas and air separately when determining gas flow rates.

8. Perform a radioactive leak test (wipe test) on electron capture detectors (ECDs) at least every 6 months for sources of 50MBq (1.35 mCi) or greater.

9. Ensure that the exhaust from (ECDs) is vented to the outside.

10. When performing split sampling, connect the split vent to an exhaust ventilation system or appropriate chemical trap if toxic materials are analyzed or hydrogen is used as the carrier gas.

11. Use only helium or nitrogen gas, never hydrogen, to condition a chemical trap.

Responsible Care

 Responsible Care

Responsible Care

Indian Chemical Council, apex industry body representing chemical industry in India is a nodal body pursuing "Responsible Care Programme", a global initiative through International Council of Chemical Associations (ICCA) since about 2003, but the initial lag period extended till about 2006 for motivating industry to come forward for adoption of this ethical voluntary programme. Today, 53 enlightened industry groups hold Responsible Care (RC) logo in the country, while a total of 147 industries are signatories to the programme, pursuing implementation of Codes of management practice

ICC is considering 6 Codes of management practice for evaluation to award RC logo to the member industries, which include:

1. Product stewardship code;
2. Process safety code;
3. Employee health & safety code;
4. Pollution prevention code;
5. Emergency response and communication code; and
6. Distribution code.

ICC has introduced 'Security Code' as voluntary for the year 2019.

Each Code has certain attributes for compliance, which are grouped into 4 elements for the purpose of clarity i.e. management, technology, facilities and people related attributes. ICC published a Guidance Manual on RC, in which, each code-specific attributes for compliance are highlighted, as guidance to the RC pursuing industries, for ready reference.

ICC considered a framework for award of RC logo in India, which seeks the industries to sign their commitment for RC guiding principles as a first step; conducts gap assessment to identify the improvement measures; and after reasonable implementation in respect of each code of management practice, industry invites RC auditors for verification, in order to offer RC logo; then an audit Team will be deputed for detailed evaluation of Code-specific compliance and opportunities for improvement. Same will be scrutinised by the Apex Group to take a decision on award of logo and duration of validity. It is compulsory to all the signatories to submit KPI / GPS / PSE every year to ICC.

This approach of ICC assigns a significant value for RC logo and drives industries towards journey to achieve reasonable level of implementation. ICC take pride in achieving gradual significance to the RC logo in India from the respective regulatory Boards, which are extending soft incentives for those industries, which have obtained RC logo i.e. GPCB implementing and TNPCB intending 2 years additional consent validity period and fast-track clearance mechanism for RC logo holding industries, in respective States.

The Govt. of India is a signatory to SAICM and several international conventions, besides brings-in frequent regulatory updations, which seeks the industry for continuous improvements in the domain of environment, health, safety and security management. In addition, increased literacy and awareness levels in the country are becoming key drivers for ever mounting public pressure on the chemical industry. Therefore, ICC is advocating that "Responsible Care" is no more a choice, but an imperative for sustained growth of business in India.

ICC introduced annual awards since 2013, for recognition of excellence in implementation of RC Codes, which include:

1. Each Code-specific excellence in performance certificateto an industry group/business vertical; and
2. ICC Aditya Birla Award for Best Responsible Care Committed Company : considering all the Codes together.

For further details, please refer:

1. ICC Guidance Note on "Responsible Care Programme for Chemical Industry: At A Glance" - IGN/RC/1-July, 2016 (Please click to view and download)
2. "Responsible Care Manual" Second Edition - Priced at INR 2000/-& "Set of "Responsible Care Code Guidance Manual" (4 Codes) - Priced at INR 5000/-, can be obtained by placing a DD in favor of Indian Chemical, Council, payable at Mumbai.
3. List of member industries awarded/permitted to use RC logo (Please click to view and download).
4. List of member industries, which are signatories to RC Programme, pursuing implementation of Codes of management practice (Please click to view and download).

and please reach: iccmumbai@iccmail.in

 

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Applicability of Responsible Care Programme in India

1. Chemical industries involved in processing (speciation of chemical)/manufacturing (addition of chemicals) irrespective of size and quantity of chemicals involved; and other industries involved in using/handling of hazardous chemicals (ref. MoEF&CC Schedule of hazardous chemicals) more than threshold quantity, are eligible to pursue Responsible Care Programme. 
2. All the industries need to have membership of ICC (either member or associate member).  
3. Both 1&2 conditions shall be applicable for identifying industries to which RC programme is preferable. 
4. If the Associate Members does not qualify point 1 above, they still can take the advisory services of ICC's Auditors for sound management of chemicals, while they may not be eligible for RC logo

 

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RESPONSIBLE CARE PROGRAM : 
Competency Mapping, Mastering, Analogy And Development (Recap-Command) - One Of The Sub - Components Of Icc's Umbrella Program On Sound Management Of Chemicals

The Indian chemical industry is projected to achieve significant growth in the coming years considering ever increasing domestic consumption patterns, besides further supported by the Government initiated Petro-Chemical and Petroleum Infrastructure Regions (PCPIRs) for improved feed stock security to the downstream chemical industry, besides world class infrastructure with access to ports for international reach; and other trade, 'ease of doing business' initiatives.

We are committed to reduce emissions intensity of GDP by 33 to 35 percent from 2005 levels - PM

 

PM inaugurates World Sustainable Development Summit 2021

The Prime Minister emphasized on climate justice for fighting against climate change

We are committed to reduce emissions intensity of GDP by 33 to 35 percent from 2005 levels - PM

Posted On: 10 FEB 2021 8:49PM by PIB Delhi

Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi today inaugurated World Sustainable Development Summit 2021 via video conferencing. The theme of the Summit is ‘Redefining our common future: Safe and secure environment for all’.

Addressing the event, the Prime Minister  congratulated to TERI for sustaining this momentum and said that Global platforms like this are important for our present and future. He said that two things will define how the progress journey of humanity will unfold in the times to come. First is the health of our people. Second is the health of our planet, both are inter-linked.

He said that we have gathered here to talk about the health of the planet. The scale of the challenge we face is widely known. But, conventional approaches cannot solve the problems we face. The need of the hour is to think out of the box invest in our youngsters and work towards sustainable development.

The Prime Minister emphasized on climate justice for fighting against climate change.   Climate justice is inspired by a vision of trusteeship- where growth comes with greater compassion to the poorest. Climate justice also means giving the developing countries enough space to grow. When each and every one of us understands our individual and/ collective duties, climate justice will be achieved.

He said that India's intent is supported by concrete action. Powered by spirited public efforts, we are on track to exceed our commitments and targets from Paris. We are committed to reduce emissions intensity of GDP by 33 to 35 percent from 2005 levels. He also shared that India is making steady progress on its commitment to Land Degradation Neutrality. Renewable energy is also picking speed in India. We are well on track to setting up four fifty giga watts of Renewable Energy generating capacity by Twenty Thirty.

The Prime Minister said that sustainable development is incomplete without equitable access. In this direction too, India has made good progress. In march 2019, India achieved nearly hundred percent electrification.This was done through sustainable technologies and innovative models. He highlighted that through the Ujala program, three sixty seven million LED  bulbs became a part of people's lives.This reduced over thirty eight million tonnes carbon dioxide per year.The Jal Jeevan Mission has connected over thirty four million house-holds with tap connections in just about 18 months. Through the PM Ujjwala Yojna more than 80 million house-holds below poverty line have access to clean cooking fuel.We are working to increase the share of natural gas in India's energy basket from 6 percent to 15 percent, he added.

The Prime Minister pointed out that often discussions on sustainability become too focused on green energy but green energy is only the means.The destination we seek is a greener planet. Our culture's deep respect for forests and green cover is translating into out-standing results. He also said that our mission to achieve sustainable development also includes special attention towards animal protection. He shared that in the last five to seven years, the population of lions, tigers, leopards and Gangetic river dolphin has gone up.

The Prime Minister drew attention of the participants on two aspects: Togetherness and Innovation. He said that sustainable development will only be achieved by collective efforts. When every individual thinks of national good, When every nation thinks of global good, That is when sustainable development will become a reality. India has made an effort in this direction through the International Solar Alliance. He urged all participants to keep our minds and nations open to best practices from all over the world.

Regarding innovation, he said that there are many start-ups working on renewable energy, environment friendly technology and more. As policy makers, we should support as many of these efforts.The energy of our youth will certainly lead to outstanding results.

The Prime Minister specifically mentioned about disaster management capabilities. He said that this requires focus on human resource development and technology. As part of the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure, we are working in this direction.He assured that India is ready to do whatever possible to further sustainable development. Our human centric approach could be a force multiplier for global good.

H.E. Dr Mohamed Irfaan Ali, President of the Cooperative Republic of Guyana; Hon. James Marape, Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea; Mr Mohamed Nasheed, Speaker of the People’s Majlis, Republic of Maldives; Ms Amina J Mohammed, Deputy Secretary-General, United Nations, and Shri Prakash Javadekar, Union Minister of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change were also present on the occasion.

EHSQ (Environment,Health,Safety and Quality) : Neelkanth Mahadev Temple near sarpvaram junction ,...

EHSQ (Environment,Health,Safety and Quality) : Neelkanth Mahadev Temple near sarpvaram junction ,...: Maha Shivaratri is the most prominent festival celebrated in the temple and lots of devotees flock to the temple during the festival. The...

SAFETY AUDIT A KEY HAZARD IDENTIFICATION TECHNIQUE - ppt video online download

SAFETY AUDIT A KEY HAZARD IDENTIFICATION TECHNIQUE - ppt video online download: What is Safety Audit Verifying the existence and implementation of elements of occupational safety and health system and for verifying the system’s ability to achieve defined safety objectives ~~~IS

Key Highlights of Union Budget 2021-22

 

Key Highlights of Union Budget 2021-22

Posted On: 01 FEB 2021 2:07PM by PIB Delhi

Presenting the first ever digital Union Budget, Union Minister of Finance and Corporate Affairs Smt. Nirmala Sitharaman stated that India’s fight against COVID-19 continues into 2021 and that this moment in history, when the political, economic, and strategic relations in the post-COVID world are changing, is the dawn of a new era – one in which India is well-poised to truly be the land of promise and hope.

 

The key highlights of the Union Budget 2021-22 are as follows:

 

6 pillars of the Union Budget 2021-22:

 

1. Health and Wellbeing
2. Physical & Financial Capital, and Infrastructure
3. Inclusive Development for Aspirational India
4. Reinvigorating Human Capital
5. Innovation and R&D
6. Minimum Government and Maximum Governance

 

1. Health and Wellbeing

 

• Rs. 2,23,846 crore outlay for Health and Wellbeing in BE 2021-22 as against Rs. 94,452 crore in BE 2020-21 – an increase of 137%
• Focus on strengthening three areas: Preventive, Curative, and Wellbeing
• Steps being taken for improving health and wellbeing:

 

5. Vaccines

 

• Rs. 35,000 crore for COVID-19 vaccine in BE 2021-22
• The Made-in-India Pneumococcal Vaccine to be rolled out across the country, from present 5 states – to avert 50,000 child deaths annually

 

 

 

5. Health Systems

 

• Rs. 64,180 crore outlay over 6 years for PM AatmaNirbhar Swasth Bharat Yojana – a new centrally sponsored scheme to be launched, in addition to NHM
• Main interventions under PM AatmaNirbhar Swasth Bharat Yojana:

• National Institution for One Health
• 17,788 rural and 11,024 urban Health and Wellness Centers
• 4 regional National Institutes for Virology
• 15 Health Emergency Operation Centers and 2 mobile hospitals
• Integrated public health labs in all districts and 3382 block public health units in 11 states
• Critical care hospital blocks in 602 districts and 12 central institutions
• Strengthening of the National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), its 5 regional branches and 20 metropolitan health surveillance units
• Expansion of the Integrated Health Information Portal to all States/UTs to connect all public health labs
• 17 new Public Health Units and strengthening of 33 existing Public Health Units
• Regional Research Platform for WHO South-East Asia Region
• 9 Bio-Safety Level III laboratories

 

5. Nutrition

 

• Mission Poshan 2.0 to be launched:

• To strengthen nutritional content, delivery, outreach, and outcome
• Merging the Supplementary Nutrition Programme and the Poshan Abhiyan
• Intensified strategy to be adopted to improve nutritional outcomes across 112 Aspirational Districts

 

5. Universal Coverage of Water Supply

 

• Rs. 2,87,000 crore over 5 years for Jal Jeevan Mission (Urban) - to be launched with an aim to provide:

• 2.86 crore household tap connections
• Universal water supply in all 4,378 Urban Local Bodies
• Liquid waste management in 500 AMRUT cities

 

5. Swachch Bharat, Swasth Bharat

 

• Rs. 1,41,678 crore over 5 years for Urban Swachh Bharat Mission 2.0
• Main interventions under Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban) 2.0:

• Complete faecal sludge management and waste water treatment
• Source segregation of garbage
• Reduction in single-use plastic
• Reduction in air pollution by effectively managing waste from construction-and-demolition activities
• Bio-remediation of all legacy dump sites

 

5. Clean Air

 

• Rs. 2,217 crore to tackle air pollution, for 42 urban centers with a million-plus population

 

5. Scrapping Policy

 

• Voluntary vehicle scrapping policy to phase out old and unfit vehicles
• Fitness tests in automated fitness centres:

• After 20 years in case of personal vehicles
• After 15 years in case of commercial vehicles

 

2. Physical and Financial Capital and Infrastructure

 

5. Production Linked Incentive scheme (PLI)

 

• Rs. 1.97 lakh crore in next 5 years for PLI schemes in 13 Sectors
• To create and nurture manufacturing global champions for an AatmaNirbhar Bharat
• To help manufacturing companies become an integral part of global supply chains, possess core competence and cutting-edge technology
• To bring scale and size in key sectors
• To provide jobs to the youth

 

5. Textiles

 

• Mega Investment Textiles Parks (MITRA) scheme, in addition to PLI:

• 7 Textile Parks to be established over 3 years

• Textile industry to become globally competitive, attract large investments and boost employment generation & exports

 

5. Infrastructure

 

• National Infrastructure Pipeline (NIP) expanded to 7,400 projects:

• Around 217 projects worth Rs. 1.10 lakh crore completed

• Measures in three thrust areas to increase funding for NIP:

1. Creation of  institutional structures
2. Big thrust on monetizing assets
3. Enhancing the share of capital expenditure

 

1. Creation of  institutional structures: Infrastructure Financing

• Rs. 20,000 crore to set up and capitalise a Development Financial Institution(DFI) – to act as a provider, enabler and catalyst for infrastructure financing
• Rs. 5 lakh crore lending portfolio to be created under the proposed DFI in 3 years
• Debt Financing by Foreign Portfolio Investors to be enabled by amending InvITs’ and REITs’ legislations

 

2. Big thrust on monetizing assets

• National Monetization Pipeline to be launched
• Important asset monetization measures:

1. 5 operational toll roads worth Rs. 5,000 crore being transferred to the NHAIInvIT
2. Transmission assets worth Rs. 7,000 crore to be transferred to the PGCILInvIT
3. Dedicated Freight Corridor assets to be monetized by Railways, for operations and maintenance, after commissioning
4. Next lot of Airports to be monetized for operations and management concession
5. Other core infrastructure assets to be rolled out under the Asset Monetization Programme:
   • Oil and Gas Pipelines of GAIL, IOCL and HPCL
   • AAI Airports in Tier II and III cities
   • Other Railway Infrastructure Assets
   • Warehousing Assets of CPSEs such as Central Warehousing Corporation and NAFED
   • Sports Stadiums

 

3. Sharp Increase in Capital Budget

• Rs. 5.54 lakh crore capital expenditure in BE 2021-22 – sharp increase of 34.5% over Rs. 4.12 lakh crore allocated in BE 2020-21 :

• Over Rs. 2 lakh crore to States and Autonomous Bodies for their Capital Expenditure.
• Over Rs. 44,000 crore for the Department of Economic Affairs to provide for projects/programmes/departments exhibiting good progress on Capital Expenditure

5. Roads and Highways Infrastructure

 

• Rs. 1,18,101 lakh crore, highest ever outlay, for Ministry of Road Transport and Highways – of which Rs. 1,08,230 crore is for capital
• Under the Rs. 5.35 lakh crore Bharatmala Pariyojana, more than 13,000 km length of roads worth Rs. 3.3 lakh crore awarded for construction:

• 3,800 km have already been constructed
• Another 8,500 km to be awarded for construction by March 2022
• Additional 11,000 km of national highway corridors to be completed by March 2022

• Economic corridors being planned:

• Rs. 1.03 lakh crore outlay for 3,500 km of NHs in Tamil Nadu
• Rs. 65,000 crore investment for 1,100 km of NHs in Kerala
• Rs. 25,000 crore for 675 km of NHs in West Bengal
• Over Rs. 34,000 crore to be allocated for 1300 km of NHs to be undertaken in next 3 years in Assam, in addition to Rs. 19,000 crore works of NHs currently in progress in the State

• Flagship Corridors/Expressways:

• Delhi-Mumbai Expressway – Remaining 260 km to be awarded before 31.3.2021
• Bengaluru-Chennai Expressway – 278 km to be initiated in the current FY; construction to begin in 2021-22
• Kanpur-Lucknow Expressway – 63 km expressway providing an alternate route to NH 27 to be initiated in 2021-22
• Delhi-Dehradun economic corridor – 210 km to be initiated in the current FY; construction to begin in 2021-22
• Raipur-Vishakhapatnam – 464 km passing through Chhattisgarh, Odisha and North Andhra Pradesh, to be awarded in the current year; construction to start in 2021-22
• Chennai-Salem corridor – 277 km expressway to be awarded and construction to start in 2021-22
• Amritsar-Jamnagar – Construction to commence in 2021-22
• Delhi-Katra – Construction will commence in 2021-22

• Advanced Traffic management system in all new 4 and 6-lane highways:

• Speed radars
• Variable message signboards
• GPS enabled recovery vans will be installed

 

5. Railway Infrastructure

 

• Rs. 1,10,055 crore for Railways of which Rs. 1,07,100 crore is for capital expenditure
• National Rail Plan for India (2030): to create a ‘future ready’ Railway system by 2030
• 100% electrification of Broad-Gauge routes to be completed by December, 2023
• Broad Gauge Route Kilometers (RKM) electrification to reach 46,000 RKM, i.e. 72% by end of 2021
• Western Dedicated Freight Corridor (DFC) and Eastern DFC to be commissioned by June 2022, to bring down the logistic costs – enabling Make in India strategy
• Additional initiatives proposed:

• The Sonnagar-Gomoh Section (263.7 km) of Eastern DFC to be taken up in PPP mode in 2021-22
• Future dedicated freight corridor projects –

• East Coast corridor from Kharagpur to Vijayawada
• East-West Corridor from Bhusaval to Kharagpur to Dankuni
• North-South corridor from Itarsi to Vijayawada

• Measures for passenger convenience and safety:

• Aesthetically designed Vista Dome LHB coach on tourist routes for better travel
• High density network and highly utilized network routes to have an indigenously developed automatic train protection system, eliminating train collision due to human error

 

5. Urban Infrastructure

 

• Raising the share of public transport in urban areas by expansion of metro rail network and augmentation of city bus service
• Rs. 18,000 crore for a new scheme, to augment public bus transport:

• Innovative PPP models to run more than 20,000 buses
• To boost automobile sector, provide fillip to economic growth, create employment opportunities for our youth

• A total of 702 km of conventional metro is operational and another 1,016 km of metro and RRTS is under construction in 27 cities
• ‘MetroLite’ and ‘MetroNeo’ technologies to provide metro rail systems at much lesser cost with similar experience in Tier-2 cities and peripheral areas of Tier-1 cities. 
• Central counterpart funding to:

1. Kochi Metro Railway Phase-II of 11.5 km at a cost of Rs. 1957.05 crore
2. Chennai Metro Railway Phase –II of 118.9 km at a cost of Rs. 63,246 crore
3. Bengaluru Metro Railway Project Phase 2A and 2B of 58.19 km at a cost of Rs. 14,788 crore
4. Nagpur Metro Rail Project Phase-II and Nashik Metro at a cost of Rs. 5,976 crore and Rs. 2,092 crore respectively.

 

5. Power Infrastructure

 

• 139 Giga Watts of installed capacity and 1.41 lakh circuit km of transmission lines added, and additional 2.8 crore households connected in past 6 years
• Consumers to have alternatives to choose the Distribution Company for enhancing competitiveness
• Rs. 3,05,984 crore over 5 years for a revamped, reforms-based and result-linked new power distribution sector scheme
• A comprehensive National Hydrogen Energy Mission 2021-22 to be launched
   

5. Ports, Shipping, Waterways

 

• Rs. 2,000 crore worth 7 projects to be offered in PPP-mode in FY21-22 for operation of major ports
• Indian shipping companies to get Rs. 1624 crore worth subsidy support over 5 years in global tenders of Ministries and CPSEs
• To double the recycling capacity of around 4.5 Million Light Displacement Tonne (LDT) by 2024; to generate an additional 1.5 lakh jobs

 

5. Petroleum & Natural Gas

 

• Extention of Ujjwala Scheme to cover 1 crore more beneficiaries
• To add 100 more districts to the City Gas Distribution network in next 3 years
• A new gas pipeline project in J&K
• An independent Gas Transport System Operator to be set up for facilitation and coordination of booking of common carrier capacity in all-natural gas pipelines on a non-discriminatory open access basis

 

5. Financial Capital

 

• A single Securities Markets Code to be evolved
• Support for development of a world class Fin-Tech hub at the GIFT-IFSC
• A new permanent institutional framework to help in development of Bond market by purchasing investment grade debt securities both in stressed and normal times
• Setting up a system of Regulated Gold Exchanges: SEBI to be notified as a  regulator and Warehousing Development and Regulatory Authority to be strengthened
• To develop an investor charter as a right of all financial investors
• Capital infusion of Rs. 1,000 crore to Solar Energy Corporation of India and Rs. 1,500 crore to Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency

 

5. Increasing FDI in Insurance Sector

 

• To increase the permissible FDI limit from 49% to 74% and allow foreign ownership and control with safeguards

 

5. Stressed Asset Resolution

 

• Asset Reconstruction Company Limited and Asset Management Company to be set up

 

5. Recapitalization of PSBs

 

• Rs.  20,000 crore in 2021-22 to further consolidate the financial capacity of PSBs
   

5. Deposit Insurance

 

• Amendments to the DICGC Act, 1961, to help depositors get an easy and time-bound access to their deposits to the extent of the deposit insurance cover
• Minimum loan size eligible for debt recovery under the Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest (SARFAESI) Act, 2002 proposed to be reduced from Rs. 50 lakh to Rs. 20 lakh for NBFCs with minimum asset size of Rs.  100 crore

 

5. Company Matters

 

• To decriminalize the Limited Liability Partnership (LLP) Act, 2008
• Easing Compliance requirement of Small companies by revising their definition under Companies Act, 2013 by increasing their thresholds for Paid up capital from “not exceeding Rs. 50 Lakh” to “not exceeding Rs. 2 Crore” and turnover from “not exceeding Rs. 2 Crore” to “not exceeding Rs. 20 Cr”.
• Promoting start-ups and innovators by incentivizing the incorporation of One Person Companies (OPCs):

• Allowing their growth without any restrictions on paid up capital and turnover
• Allowing their conversion into any other type of company at any time,
• Reducing the residency limit for an Indian citizen to set up an OPC from 182 days to 120 days and
• Allowing Non Resident Indians (NRIs) to incorporate OPCs in India.

• To ensure faster resolution of cases by:

• Strengthening NCLT framework
• Implementation of e-Courts system
• Introduction of alternate methods of debt resolution and special framework for MSMEs

• Launch of data analytics, artificial intelligence, machine learning driven MCA21 Version 3.0 in 2021-22

 

5. Disinvestment and Strategic Sale

 

• Rs.  1,75,000 crore estimated receipts from disinvestment in BE 2020-21
• Strategic disinvestment of BPCL, Air India, Shipping Corporation of India, Container Corporation of India, IDBI Bank, BEML, Pawan Hans, Neelachal Ispat Nigam limited etc. to be completed in 2021-22.
• Other than IDBI Bank, two Public Sector Banks and one General Insurance company to be privatized
• IPO of LIC in 2021-22
• New policy for Strategic Disinvestment approved;  CPSEs except in four strategic areas to be privatized
• NITI Aayog to work out on the next list of CPSEs to be taken up for strategic disinvestment
• Incentivizing States for disinvestment of their Public Sector Companies, using central funds
• Special Purpose Vehicle in the form of a company to monetize idle land
• Introducing a revised mechanism for ensuring timely closure of sick or loss making CPSEs

 

5. Government Financial Reforms

 

• Treasury Single Account (TSA) System for Autonomous Bodies to be extended for universal application
• Separate Administrative Structure to streamline the ‘Ease of Doing Business’ for Cooperatives

 

3. Inclusive Development for Aspirational India

 

5. Agriculture

 

• Ensured MSP at minimum 1.5 times the cost of production across all commodities.
• With steady increase in the procurement, payment to farmers increased as under:

                                                                                                     (in Rs. crore)

	2013-14	2019-20	2020-21
Wheat	Rs. 33,874	Rs. 62,802	Rs. 75,060
Rice	Rs. 63,928	Rs. 1,41,930	Rs. 172,752
Pulses	Rs. 236	Rs. 8,285	Rs. 10,530

 

• SWAMITVA Scheme to be extended to all States/UTs,  1.80 lakh property-owners in 1,241 villages have already been provided cards
• Agricultural credit target enhanced to Rs. 16.5 lakh crore in FY22 - animal husbandry, dairy, and fisheries to be the focus areas
• Rural Infrastructure Development Fund to be enhanced to Rs. 40,000 crore from Rs. 30,000 crore
• To double the Micro Irrigation Fund to Rs. 10,000 crore
• ‘Operation Green Scheme’ to be extended to 22 perishable products, to boost value addition in agriculture and allied products
• Around 1.68 crore farmers registered and Rs. 1.14 lakh crore of trade value carried out through e-NAMs; 1,000 more mandis to be integrated with e-NAM to bring transparency and competitiveness.
• APMCs to get access to the Agriculture Infrastructure Funds for augmenting infrastructure facilities

 

5. Fisheries

 

• Investments to develop modern fishing harbours and fish landing centres – both marine and inland
• 5 major fishing harbours – Kochi, Chennai, Visakhapatnam, Paradip, and Petuaghat to be developed as hubs of economic activity
• Multipurpose Seaweed Park in Tamil Nadu to promote seaweed cultivation
   

5. Migrant Workers and Labourers

 

• One Nation One Ration Card scheme for beneficiaries to claim rations anywhere in the country - migrant workers to benefit the most

• Scheme implementation so far covered 86% of beneficiaries across 32 States and UTs
• Remaining 4 states to be integrated in next few months

• Portal to collect information on unorganized labour force, migrant workers especially, to help formulate schemes for them
• Implementation of 4 labour codes underway

• Social security benefits for gig and platform workers too
• minimum wages and coverage under the Employees State Insurance Corporation applicable for all categories of workers
• Women workers allowed in all categories, including night-shifts with adequate protection
• Compliance burden on employers reduced with single registration and licensing, and online returns
   

5. Financial Inclusion

 

• Under Stand Up India Scheme for SCs, STs and women,

• Margin money requirement reduced to 15%
• To also include loans for allied agricultural activities

• Rs. 15,700 crore budget allocation to MSME Sector, more than double of this year’s BE

 

4. Reinvigorating Human Capital

 

5. School Education

 

• 15,000 schools to be strengthened by implementing all NEP components. Shall act as exemplar schools in their regions for mentoring others
• 100 new Sainik Schools to be set up in partnership with NGOs/private schools/states

 

5. Higher Education

 

• Legislation to be introduced to setup Higher Education Commission of India as an umbrella body with 4 separate vehicles for standard-setting, accreditation, regulation, and funding
• Creation of formal umbrella structure to cover all Govt. colleges, universities, research institutions in a city for greater synergy.

• Glue grant to implement the same across 9 cities

• Central University to come up in Leh for accessibility of higher education in Ladakh

 

5. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Welfare

 

• 750 Eklavya model residential schools in tribal areas:

• Unit cost of each school to be increased to Rs. 38 crore
• For hilly and difficult areas, to Rs. 48 crore
• Focus on creation of robust infrastructure facilities for tribal students

• Revamped Post Matric Scholarship Scheme for welfare of SCs

• Rs. 35,219 crore enhanced Central Assistance for 6 years till 2025-2026
• 4 crore SC students to benefit

 

5. Skilling

 

• Proposed amendment to Apprenticeship Act to enhance opportunities for youth
• Rs. 3000 crore for realignment of existing National Apprenticeship Training Scheme (NATS) towards post-education apprenticeship, training of graduates and diploma holders in Engineering
• Initiatives for partnership with other countries in skilling to be taken forward, similar to partnership:

• With UAE to benchmark skill qualifications, assessment, certification, and deployment of certified workforce
• With Japan for a collaborative Training Inter Training Programme (TITP) to transfer of skills, technique and knowledge

 

 

5. Innovation and R&D

 

· Modalities of National Research Foundation announced in July 2019 –

• • Rs. 50,000 crore outlay over 5 years
  • To strengthen overall research ecosystem with focus on national-priority thrust areas
• Rs. 1,500 crore for proposed scheme to promote digital modes of payment
• National Language Translation Mission (NTLM) to make governance-and-policy related knowledge available in major Indian languages

· PSLV-CS51 to be launched by New Space India Limited (NSIL) carrying Brazil’s Amazonia Satellite and some Indian satellites

• As part of the Gaganyaan mission activities:
  • 4 Indian astronauts being trained on Generic Space Flight aspects, in Russia
  • First unmanned launch is slated for December 2021
• Rs. 4,000 crore over five years for Deep Ocean Mission survey exploration and conservation of deep sea biodiversity

 

6. Minimum Government, Maximum Governance

 

• Measures being undertaken to bring reforms in Tribunals to ensure speedy justice
• National Commission for Allied Healthcare Professionals already introduced to ensure transparent and efficient regulation of the 56 allied healthcare professions
• The National Nursing and Midwifery Commission Bill introduced for the same in nursing profession

· Proposed Conciliation Mechanism with mandate for quick resolution of contractual disputes with CPSEs

• Rs. 3,768 crore allocated for first digital census in the history of India

· Rs. 300 crore grant to the Government of Goa for the diamond jubilee celebrations of the state’s liberation from Portuguese

· Rs. 1,000 crore for the welfare of Tea workers especially women and their children in Assam and West Bengal through a special scheme

 

Fiscal Position

 

Item	Original BE 2020-21	RE 2020-21	BE 2021-22
Expenditure	`30.42 lakh crore	`34.50 lakh crore	`34.83 lakh crore
Capital Expenditure	`4.12 lakh crore	`4.39 lakh crore	` 5.5 lakh crore
Fiscal Deficit (as % of GDP)	-	9.5%	6.8%

 

• RE for Expenditure is  Rs. 34.50 lakh crore as against original BE expenditure of  Rs. 30.42 lakh crore
  • Quality of expenditure has been maintained as Capital Expenditure estimated as per RE is Rs. 4.39 lakh crore in 2020-2021 as against Rs. 4.12 lakh crore in BE 2020-21

· Estimates of Rs. 34.83 lakh crore BE for expenditure in 2021-2022 including Rs. 5.5 lakh crore as capital expenditure, an increase of 34.5% to give required push to economy 

· The fiscal deficit in BE 2021-2022 is estimated to be 6.8% of GDP. The fiscal deficit in RE 2020-21 is pegged at 9.5% of GDP - funded through Government borrowings, multilateral borrowings, Small Saving Funds and short term borrowings

• • Gross borrowing from the market for the next year to be around 12 lakh crore.
  • Plan to continue on the path of fiscal consolidation, achieving a fiscal deficit level below 4.5% of GDP by 2025-2026 with a fairly steady decline over the period
  • It will be achieved by increasing the buoyancy of tax revenue through improved compliance, and secondly, by increased receipts from monetisation of assets, including Public Sector Enterprises and land
  • Deviation Statement under Sections 4(5) and 7(3) (b) of the FRBM Act tabled necessitated by this year’s unforeseen and unprecedented circumstances
  • Amendment to FRBM Act proposed to achieve targeted Fiscal Deficit levels

· The Contingency Fund of India is to be augmented from Rs. 500 crore to Rs. 30,000 crore through Finance Bill

 

Net borrowing of the States:

 

• Net borrowing for the states allowed at 4% of GSDP for the year 2021-2022 as per recommendation of 15^th FC
  • Part of this earmarked for incremental capital expenditure
  • Additional borrowing ceiling of 0.5% of GSDP will be provided subject to conditions
• States expected to reach a fiscal deficit of 3% of GSDP by 2023-24, as recommended by the 15^th Finance Commission

 

Fifteenth Finance Commission:

 

• The final report covering 2021-26 was submitted to the President, retaining vertical shares of states at 41%
• Funds to UTs of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh would be provided by Centre
• On the Commission’s recommendation, Rs. 1,18,452 crore have been provided as Revenue Deficit Grant to 17 states in 2021-22, as against  Rs. 74,340 crore to 14 states in 2020-21

 

Tax Proposals

 

Vision of a transparent, efficient tax system to promote investments and employment in the country with minimum burden on tax payers

 

1. Direct Taxes

 

Achievements:

 

• Corporate tax rate slashed to make it among the lowest in the world
• Burden of taxation on small taxpayers eased by increasing rebates
• Return filers almost doubled to 6.48 crore in 2020 from 3.31 crore in 2014
• Faceless Assessment and Faceless Appeal introduced

 

Relief to Senior Citizens:

 

• Exemption from filing tax returns for senior citizens over 75 years of age and having only pension and interest income; tax to be deducted by paying bank

Reducing Disputes, Simplifying Settlement:

 

• Time limit for re-opening cases reduced to 3 years from 6 years
• Serious tax evasion cases, with evidence of concealment of income of Rs. 50 lakh or more in a year, to be re-opened only up to 10 years, with approval of the Principal Chief Commissioner
• Dispute Resolution Committee to be set up for taxpayers with taxable income up to Rs. 50 lakh and disputed income up to Rs. 10 lakh

• National Faceless Income Tax Appellate Tribunal Centre to be established
• Over 1 lakh taxpayers opted to settle tax disputes of over Rs. 85,000 crore through Vivad Se Vishwas Scheme until 30^th January 2021

Relaxation to NRIs:

• Rules to be notified for removing hardships faced by NRIs regarding their foreign retirement accounts

Incentivising Digital Economy:

• Limit of turnover for tax audit increased to Rs. 10 crore from Rs. 5 crore for entities carrying out 95% transactions digitally

Relief for Dividend:

• Dividend payment to REIT/ InvIT exempt from TDS
• Advance tax liability on dividend income only after declaration/ payment of dividend
• Deduction of tax on dividend income at lower treaty rate for Foreign Portfolio Investors

Attracting Foreign Investment for Infrastructure:

 

• Infrastructure Debt Funds made eligible to raise funds by issuing Zero Coupon Bonds
• Relaxation of some conditions relating to prohibition on private funding, restriction on commercial activities, and direct investment

Supporting ‘Housing for All’:

 

• Additional deduction of interest, up to Rs. 1.5 lakh, for loan taken to buy an affordable house extended for loans taken till March 2022
• Tax holiday for Affordable Housing projects extended till March 2022
• Tax exemption allowed for notified Affordable Rental Housing Projects

Tax incentives to IFSC in GIFT City:

 

• Tax holiday for capital gains from incomes of aircraft leasing companies
• Tax exemptions for aircraft lease rentals paid to foreign lessors
• Tax incentive for relocating foreign funds in the IFSC
• Tax exemption to investment division of foreign banks located in IFSC

Ease of Filing Taxes:

 

• Details of capital gains from listed securities, dividend income, interest from banks, etc. to be pre-filled in returns

Relief to Small Trusts:

 

• Exemption limit of annual receipt revised from ₹1 crore to ₹5 crore for small  charitable trusts running schools and hospitals

Labour Welfare:

 

• Late deposit of employee’s contribution by the employer not to be allowed as deduction to the employer
• Eligibility for tax holiday claim for start-ups extended by one more year
• Capital gains exemption for investment in start-ups extended till 31^st March, 2022

 

2. Indirect Taxes

 

GST:

 

• Measures taken till date:

• Nil return through SMS
• Quarterly return and monthly payment for small taxpayers
• Electronic invoice system
• Validated input tax statement
• Pre-filled editable GST return
• Staggering of returns filing
• Enhancement of capacity of GSTN system
• Use of deep analytics and AI to identify tax evaders

Custom Duty Rationalization:

 

• Twin objectives: Promoting domestic manufacturing and helping India get onto global value chain and export better
• 80 outdated exemptions already eliminated
• Revised, distortion-free customs duty structure to be put in place from 1^st October 2021 by reviewing more than 400 old exemptions
• New customs duty exemptions to have validity up to the 31^st March following two years from its issue date

Electronic and Mobile Phone Industry:

 

• Some exemptions on parts of chargers and sub-parts of mobiles withdrawn
• Duty on some parts of mobiles revised to 2.5% from ‘nil’ rate

Iron and Steel:

 

• Customs duty reduced uniformly to 7.5% on semis, flat, and long products of non-alloy, alloy, and stainless steels
• Duty on steel scrap exempted up to 31^st March, 2022
• Anti-Dumping Duty (ADD) and Counter-Veiling Duty (CVD) revoked on certain steel products
• Duty on copper scrap reduced from 5% to 2.5%

Textiles:

 

• Basic Customs Duty (BCD) on caprolactam, nylon chips and nylon fiber & yarn reduced to 5%

Chemicals:

 

• Calibrated customs duty rates on chemicals to encourage domestic value addition and to remove inversions
• Duty on Naptha reduced to 2.5%

Gold and Silver:

 

• Custom duty on gold and silver to be rationalized

Renewable Energy:

 

• Phased manufacturing plan for solar cells and solar panels to be notified
• Duty on solar invertors raised from 5% to 20%, and on solar lanterns from 5% to 15% to encourage domestic production

Capital Equipment:

 

• Tunnel boring machine to now attract a customs duty of 7.5%; and its parts a duty of 2.5%
• Duty on certain auto parts increased to general rate of 15%

MSME Products:

 

• Duty on steel screws and plastic builder wares increased to 15%
• Prawn feed to attract customs duty of 15% from earlier rate of 5%
• Exemption on import of duty-free items rationalized to incentivize exporters of garments, leather, and handicraft items
• Exemption on imports of certain kind of leathers withdrawn
• Customs duty on finished synthetic gem stones raised to encourage domestic processing

Agriculture Products:

 

• Customs duty on cotton increased from nil to 10% and on raw silk and silk yarn from 10% to 15%.
• Withdrawal of end-use based concession on denatured ethyl alcohol
• Agriculture Infrastructure and Development Cess (AIDC) on a small number of items

Rationalization of Procedures and Easing of Compliance:

 

• Turant Customs initiative, a Faceless, Paperless, and Contactless Customs measures
• New procedure for administration of Rules of Origin

 

Achievements and Milestones during the COVID-19 pandemic

 

• Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana (PMGKY):
  • Valued at Rs. 2.76 lakh crore
  • Free food grain to 80 crore people
  • Free cooking gas for 8 crore families
  • Direct cash to over 40 crore farmers, women, elderly, the poor and the needy
• AatmaNirbhar Bharat package (ANB 1.0):
  • Estimated at Rs. 23 lakh crore – more than 10% of GDP
• PMGKY, three ANB packages (ANB 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0), and announcements made later were like 5 mini-budgets in themselves
• Rs. 27.1 lakh crore worth of financial impact of all three ANB packages including RBI’s measures – amounting to more than 13% of GDP
• Structural reforms:
  • One Nation One Ration Card
  • Agriculture and Labour Reforms
  • Redefinition of MSMEs
  • Commercialisation of the Mineral Sector
  • Privatisation of Public Sector Undertakings
  • Production Linked Incentive Schemes
• Status of India’s fight against COVID-19:
  • 2 Made-in-India vaccines – medically safeguarding citizens of India and those of 100-plus countries against COVID-19
  • 2 or more new vaccines expected soon
  • Lowest death rate per million and the lowest active cases

 

2021 - Year of milestones for Indian history

 

• 75th year of India’s independence
• 60 years of Goa’s accession to India
• 50 years of the 1971 India-Pakistan War
• Year of the 8th Census of Independent India
•  India’s turn at the BRICS Presidency
• Year for Chandrayaan-3 Mission
• Haridwar MahaKumbh

 

Vision for AatmaNirbhar Bharat
 

• AatmaNirbharta – not a new idea – ancient India was self-reliant and a business epicentre of the world
• AtmaNirbhar Bharat – an expression of 130 crore Indians who have full confidence in their capabilities and skills
• Strengthening the Sankalp of:
  • Nation First
  • Doubling Farmer’s Income
  • Strong Infrastructure
  • Healthy India
  • Good Governance
  • Opportunities for Youth
  • Education for All
  • Women Empowerment
  • Inclusive Development
• 13 promises made in the Union Budget 2015-16, and resonating with the vision of AatmaNirbharta, to materialise during the AmrutMahotsav of 2022 – on the 75th year of our independence

 

“Faith is the bird that feels the light and sings when the dawn is still dark.”

– Rabindranath Tagore