In oil & gas facilities, fires are often classified by fire scenario/behavior, rather than only by conventional fire classes. Common types include:
🔥 Common Fire Types in Oil & Gas Facilities
1. Pool Fire – Burning liquid fuel accumulated on the ground, bund, or other surface after a release.
2. Jet Fire – High-pressure release of flammable gas or liquid that ignites, producing a long, directional flame.
3. Flash Fire – Rapid combustion of a flammable vapor cloud after ignition, usually with little or no significant pressure effect.
4. Vapor Cloud Fire – Ignition of a dispersed flammable vapor/gas cloud.
5. Vapor Cloud Explosion (VCE) – Rapid combustion of a vapor cloud producing significant overpressure; technically an explosion, not simply a fire.
6. BLEVE – Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion involving a pressurized vessel containing a liquid; may produce a fireball if the contents are flammable.
7. Fireball – Large, rapidly developing spherical flame, commonly associated with major releases of flammable gas or a BLEVE.
8. Tank Fire – Fire involving the contents or vapor space of a storage tank.
9. Rim-Seal Fire – Fire around the floating-roof/rim-seal area of a storage tank.
10. Bund/Dike Fire – Pool fire occurring within a tank bund or containment area.
11. Gutter/Drain Fire – Burning liquid flowing through drains, gutters, channels, or trenches.
12. Trench/Channel Fire – Fire involving accumulated or flowing hydrocarbons in trenches or channels.
13. Pipeline/Flowline Fire – Fire resulting from ignition of a leaking or ruptured hydrocarbon pipeline.
14. Flange/Valve Fire – Localized fire caused by leakage from flanges, valves, fittings, seals, or connections.
15. Pump/Compressor Fire – Fire resulting from hydrocarbon leakage around rotating equipment followed by ignition.
16. Electrical Fire – Fire involving energized electrical equipment, cables, switchgear, transformers, MCCs, or control panels.
17. Cable-Trey Fire – Fire involving combustible cable insulation and materials within cable trays.
18. Confined-Space Fire – Fire inside tanks, vessels, pits, ducts, or other enclosed areas, often complicated by limited ventilation.
19. Process Equipment Fire – Fire involving reactors, separators, heaters, columns, vessels, or other process equipment.
20. Flare/Relief-System Fire – Controlled combustion at a flare or abnormal fire involving flare-system equipment.
21. Dust Fire/Explosion – Combustible dust ignition, potentially followed by a dust explosion where conditions permit.
22. Chemical/Reactive-Material Fire – Fire involving reactive, oxidizing, or specialty chemicals used in processing or maintenance.
⚠️ Important distinction
Pool fire, jet fire, flash fire and fireball are primarily fire scenarios.
VCE and BLEVE are explosion scenarios that can produce severe fires and thermal radiation.
For an HSE infographic, a useful structure is:
POOL FIRE → JET FIRE → FLASH FIRE → VAPOR CLOUD FIRE → FIREBALL → BLEVE → VCE → TANK FIRE → RIM-SEAL FIRE → BUND FIRE → DRAIN/TRENCH FIRE → PIPELINE FIRE → EQUIPMENT FIRE → ELECTRICAL FIRE → CONFINED-SPACE FIRE. ⚠️⛑️🔥💥🚥🎯📝🚧💡✅🚨🦺🌡️
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