This is the standard 5-step Risk Assessment cycle you use in HSE — it's the ISO 31000 logic in one picture. It's not a straight line, it's a loop. You keep going round it.
Here is what each box means:
1. IDENTIFICATION
Find and list potential risks & hazards. What could go wrong?
This is the starting point. You walk the site, review tasks, talk to workers, check incident history, look at chemicals, equipment, environment.
Question you are asking: What is the hazard, where is it, and who could be harmed?
2. ANALYSIS
Assess the likelihood and impact. Analyze risk data.
Once you have the list, you analyse each risk on two scales:
How likely is it to happen?
What is the impact if it does happen?
This is where the RISK SEVERITY MATRIX on the right comes in. That's the tool for Analysis.
The Risk Severity Matrix
Vertical axis = CONSEQUENCE: Insignificant > Minor > Moderate > Major > Critical / Catastrophic
Horizontal axis = LIKELIHOOD: Rare > Unlikely > Possible > Likely > Almost Certain
Where they cross gives you the risk rating and colour:
L = Low — green. Acceptable, manage with routine controls.
M = Medium — yellow / light green. Needs attention and controls.
H = High — orange. Not acceptable without significant controls.
E = Extreme — red. Stop work, immediate action required.
Example: A Minor injury that is Possible = M Medium. A Critical injury that is Almost Certain = L Low in this particular matrix? No — that would normally be Extreme. The matrix in the image is simplified for illustration, but in practice most companies rate Critical x Almost Certain as E Extreme. Always use your company's approved matrix.
The green arrow from Analysis goes to the Matrix, then the Matrix points to Step 3. So you analyse with the matrix, then you evaluate.
3. EVALUATION
Compare risk levels against criteria. Determine risk acceptability.
Now you decide: Is this risk acceptable or not?
You compare the L/M/H/E score you got against your legal requirements, company standards, and ALARP principle. This is the decision gate. If it's Low, you may accept it. If it's High or Extreme, you must go to Treatment.
4. TREATMENT
Develop mitigation strategies and implement controls.
This is where you act. The 4 classic options listed:
Reduce: Lower likelihood or consequence — engineering controls, PPE, procedures, training. This is hierarchy of controls.
Avoid: Eliminate the hazard completely — do it a different way.
Transfer: Share it — insurance, contractors, outsourcing.
Accept: Keep it as is, but only if it's truly Low and monitored.
After you put controls in, note the orange arrow going back up to Evaluation — you must re-evaluate the residual risk. Did your control bring an Extreme down to Medium?
5. MONITORING & REVIEW
Track risks and control performance. Continuously re-evaluate and update.
Risk assessment is never finished. You track if controls are working, audit, inspect, review incidents and near-misses, and update the register when tasks, people, or equipment change.
That then feeds back into Identification again. That's why the whole diagram is drawn as a cycle.
In practice, a quick way to use it:
Task: Working at height to change a light.
1. Identify: Fall from height, electrocution.
2. Analysis: Fall = Major consequence x Possible = H High.
3. Evaluation: High is not acceptable per our criteria.
4. Treatment: Reduce — use scaffold, harness, LOTO, competent person. Re-evaluate — now Minor x Unlikely = Low.
5. Monitor: Check harness inspection, toolbox talk done, review after job. 🚨⚠️⛑️🦺🚧🚥🏗️🗼🚦🌡️
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