Understanding HIRA (Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment)

 Understanding HIRA (Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment)

Risk identification and assessment

Safety in the health sector requires identifying hazards before they cause harm or accidents. The HIRA process is a systematic approach used to identify risks, assess the level of risk, and establish appropriate control measures to prevent incidents from occurring.

The basic principle of HIRA operation

Risk assessment is based on the following equation:

Risk Level = Severity of Consequences × Probability of Occurrence

Risk = Consequence \times Likelihood

Where:

 • Consequence (Severity): The severity of the effect if the hazard occurs.

 • Likelihood (Probability): How likely this hazard is to occur.

⸻

HIRA process steps

1️⃣ Hazard Identification

At this stage, identify all potential hazards in the work environment such as:

 • Infections within health facilities

 • Hazards of devices and equipment

 • Slipping and falling

 • Fire hazards

 • Chemical or biological hazards

⸻

2️⃣ Risk Assessment

After determining the risk, two main factors are evaluated:

 Severity

The extent of the damage that may occur to people or property.

 • Likelihood

The frequency or probability of occurrence of the hazard.

⸻

3️⃣ Determination of Risk Level

Multiplying intensity × probability to determine the level of risk, which helps in:

 • Setting priorities

 • Focus on the most serious risks first

⸻

4️⃣ Implementation of Risk Control / Mitigation

Based on the level of risk, implement risk reduction measures such as:

 • Training and awareness

 • Employment of protective equipment

 • Adaptive behavior

⸻

5️⃣ Analysis after the accident (in the event of an accident)

In the event of an employment accident:

 • RCA – Root Cause Analysis

Analysis of the root cause of the accident.

 • CAPA – Corrective and Preventive Actions

Corrective and preventive measures to prevent recurrence of the incident.

⸻

The importance of applying HIRA

A good application of HIRA process helps to:

✅ Reduce accidents and injuries

✅ Improving the safety of patients and workers

Promotion of safety culture

✅ Supporting quality and safety management systems in health institutions