SAFETY IN CONFINED SPACE

A confined space is defined as a place

• that is partially or fully enclosed
• that is not both designed and constructed for continuous human occupancy, and
• where atmospheric hazards may occur because of its construction, location, or contents, or because of work that is done in it.

All three criteria have to be met before a space is defined as a confined space.

Hazards in confined spaces can be categorized as either physical hazards or atmospheric hazards.

Physical hazards often present a greater danger inside an enclosed space than they do outside. Examples include:

• Noise and vibration
• Temperature extremes
• Cramped work spaces
• Poor access or exit
• Rotating or moving equipment
• Electrical hazards
• Uncontrolled movement of liquids and solids
• Reactive or corrosive residues
• Slick or wet surfaces
• Lighting

Dangerous atmospheres have killed those working in confined spaces as well as those attempting rescue. Atmospheric hazards include:

• flammable, combustible, or explosive atmosphere
• toxic atmosphere
• oxygen-deficient atmosphere
• oxygen-enriched atmosphere

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Hazard Assessment

Before each time that a worker enters a confined space, a competent worker must perform a written hazard assessment. The hazard assessment must take into account

• the hazards that may exist in the confined space
• the hazards that may develop while work is performed inside the confined space
• general safety hazards in the confined space.

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Confined Space Program

Before letting a worker enter a confined space, the employer must develop a written confined space program meeting the requirements of the Construction Regulation . The employer must maintain the program.
The confined space program can apply to one or more confined spaces. Program elements must include

• a method of recognizing each confined space
• a method for assessing the hazards to which workers may be exposed
• a method for developing plans for controlling the hazards
• a method for training workers
• an entry permit system setting out measures and procedures to be followed when working in a confined space.

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