The ozone layer is a region of Earth's stratosphere, located about 15 to 35 kilometers (9 to 22 miles) above the surface, where ozone (O₃) molecules are most concentrated.

 The ozone layer is a region of Earth's stratosphere, located about 15 to 35 kilometers (9 to 22 miles) above the surface, where ozone (O₃) molecules are most concentrated. Though ozone exists in small amounts, it plays a vital role in protecting life on Earth.

Key Features:

Composition: Made primarily of ozone gas (O₃), a molecule consisting of three oxygen atoms.

Location: Within the stratosphere, above the troposphere (the layer we live in), and below the mesosphere.

Thickness: Varies by season and location, but is generally thicker at the poles during spring.

Importance:

UV Shield: Absorbs the majority of the sun’s harmful ultraviolet (UV-B and UV-C) radiation, preventing it from reaching the Earth’s surface.

Climate Influence: Plays a secondary role in regulating stratospheric temperatures.

Threats:

Human-made chemicals like CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) once caused ozone depletion, creating seasonal “ozone holes,” particularly over Antarctica.

International action via the Montreal Protocol (1987) has significantly reduced ozone-depleting substances, leading to gradual recovery of the layer.

Summary:

The ozone layer is Earth's natural sunscreen—invisible but essential. Without it, life on land would be exposed to extreme UV radiation, increasing skin cancers, cataracts, and damaging ecosystems.

~ NGA Geography