Element and Foliar symptoms
Nitrogen (N) General yellowish-green; moxe
severe on older leaves. Stunted
growth; small, fewer leaflets; early
leaf drop.
Dark green to blue-green, slightly
smaller leaves. Veins, petioles, or
lower surface may become reddish-purple, especially when
young; death of lower needles in
pmes.
Potassium (K) Partial chlorosis of most recently
matured leaves in interveinal area
beginning at tips, followed by
necrosis. Older leaves may become
brown and curl downward.
Calcium (Ca) Death of terminal buds, tip die-
back, chlorosis of young leaves;
leaves may become hard and stiff.
Root injury is the first apparent
sign.
Magnesium (Mg)
Marginal chlorosis on older leaves
followed by interveinal chlorosis.
EIPS and margins may become
brittle and curl upward.
Sulfur (S) Uniform chlorosis of new leaves;
older leaves are usually not affected.
Iron (Fe) Interveinal chlorosis of young
leaves (sharp distinction between
green veins and yellow tissue
between veins). Older basal leaves
greener; exposed leaves blanched.
Manganese (Mn)
Interveinal chlorosis of young
leaves beginning at margins and
progressing toward midribs; followed by necrotic spots.
Zinc (Zn) Young leaves may be yellow,
small, deformed, or mottled with
necrotic spots. There may be a tuft
of leaves at shoot tips.
Boron (B) Terminal growth dies; later
growth that develops has sparse
foliage. Young leaves may be red,
bronzed, or scorched. Leaves may
be small, thick, distorted, or
brittle.
Copper (Cu) Rosetting of terminal growth may
die. Leaf symptoms not usually
pronounced, but veins may be
lighter than blades.
Molybdenum (Mo)
Cupping of the older leaves; marginal chlorosis followed by
interveinal chlorosis.
Source: Pennsylvania Cooperative Extension
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