Thursday 4 February 2016

METHOD FOR COMPUTATION OF FREQUENCY AND SEVERITY RATES FOR INDUSTRIAL INJURIES AND CLASSIFICATION OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS

PREAMBLE (NOT PART OF THE STANDARD)

In order to promote public education and public safety, equal justice for all, a better informed citizenry, the rule of law, world trade and world peace, this legal document is hereby made available on a noncommercial basis, as it is the right of all humans to know and speak the laws that govern them.

END OF PREAMBLE (NOT PART OF THE STANDARD)

IS : 3786 - 1983
(Reaffirmed 2002)

Indian Standard
METHOD FOR COMPUTATION OF FREQUENCY AND SEVERITY RATES FOR INDUSTRIAL INJURIES AND CLASSIFICATION OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS

(First Revision)
First Reprint DECEMBER 1992
UDC 658·382·3·8 (083·3)
© Copyright 1983
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002
Gr 7
November 1983
i
Indian Standard
METHOD FOR COMPUTATION OF FREQUENCY AND SEVERITY RATES FOR INDUSTRIAL INJURIES AND CLASSIFICATION OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS
(First Revision)
Industrial Safety Advisory Committee, ISAC
Chairman Representing
Dr S. S. Ramaswamy Directorate General Factory Advice Service and Labour Institutes (Ministry of Labour), Bombay
    Members
    Shri P. R. Surendranathan (Alternate to Dr S. S. Ramaswamy)
Shri V. K. Arora Ministry of Shipping and Transport
    Shri T. P. P. Nambiar (Alternate)
Shri Prem Baveja Hindustan Aeronautic Ltd, Bangalore
    Shri B. S. Grover (Alternate)
Shri S. P. Bhatia Indian Cotton Mills Federation, Bombay
Shri Charanjit Lal Chief Controllerate of Explosives, Nagpur
    Shri B. R. Dave (Alternate)
Shri N. Chakravarty Indian Trade Union Congress, New Delhi
    Shri Karan Singh (Alternate)
Shri P. K. Chaudhuri Indian Society of Engineers, Calcutta
Dr D. K. Nag (Alternate)
Shri N. Chawla Sandoz (India) Ltd, Thane
Shri S. C. Dey Central Boilers Board, New Delhi
    Shri S. M. Prasad (Alternate)
Diretor (Commercial) Central Electricity Authority, New Delhi
    Deputy Director (Commercial) (Alternate)
Director General Of Mines Directorate General of Mines Safety, Dhanbad
Safety
    Director, Mines Safety Equipment (Alternate)
(Continued on page 2)
© Copyright 1983
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
This publication is protected under the Indian Copyright Act (XIV of 1957) and reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said act.
1 (Continued from page 1)
Members Representing
Shri Durgesh Chandra Century Rayon, Kalyan
    Shri Jayant Adhia (Alternate)
Shri P. N. Ghosh Institution of Fire Engineers India, New Delhi
Shri K. C. Gupta National Safety Council, Bombay
    Shri N. Raghavan (Alternate)
Shri R. P. Jha Indian Jute Mills Association, Calcutta
Shri J. D. Juina Indian Airlines Corporation, New Delhi
    Shri M. N. Arora (Alternate)
Shri M. Kant Safety Appliances Manufacturer’s Association, Bombay
    Shri Kirit Maru (Alternate)
Shri V. N. Kholkute Factory Inspectorate, Government of Maharashtra, Bombay
    Shri H. N. Mirashi (Alternate)
Shri B. S. Mathur Standing Committee on Safety for the Steel Industry, Durgapur
    Shri A. K. Dasgupta (Alternate)
Shri G. B. Menon Standing Fire Advisory Council, Ministry of Home Affairs
Shri M. K. Modwel Railway Board (Ministry of Railways)
Shri R. N. Mukhopadryay Directorate General of health Services, New Delhi
Shri P. Krishnan Nair The Fertilizers and Chemicals Travancore Ltd, Udyogmandal
Shri S. Purushothama Loss Prevention Association of India Ltd, Bombay
    Shri T. V. Madhumani (Alternate)
Shri G. Ramamurthy Ministry of Communications
    Shri Y. V. R. Reddy (Alternate)
Shri S. G. Ranade Directorate General of Ordnance Factories, Calcutta
Shri S. R. C. Rao Steel Authority of India Ltd, New Delhi
    Shri R. N. Das (Alternate)
Representative Ministry of Defence (DGI)
Shri Y. K. Sapru The Safety First Association of India, Bombay
    Shri A. A. Jasdenvala (Alternate)
Shri K. K. Sarkhel The Project & Development (India) Ltd, Sindri
Shri I. C. Sarjn Employees State Insurance Corporation, New Delhi
    Dr K. M. Saxena (Alternate)
Shri P. Seshadri Ministry of Petroleum & Chemicals
    Shri Jagjit Singh (Alternate)
Dr B. Singh Central Mining Research Station (CSIR), Dhanbad
    Shri P. R. Roy (Alternate)
Shri D. K. Sirkar Indian Chemical Manufacturers’ Association, Calcutta
    Shri S. J. Sharma (Alternate)
Shri S. P. Venkaswamy Directorate General of Civil Aviation, New Delhi
Shri S. P. Vidyarathi All India Manufacturers’ Organization, Bombay
Shri S. K. Mathur, Director (Chem) Director General, ISI (Ex-officio Member)
Secretary
Shri K. K. Tripathi
Senior Deputy Director (chem), ISI
(Continued on page 28)
2
Indian Standard
METHOD FOR COMPUTATION OF FREQUENCY AND SEVERITY RATES FOR INDUSTRIAL INJURIES AND CLASSIFICATION OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS
(First Revision)

0. FOREWORD

0.1

This Indian Standard (First Revision) was adopted by the Indian Standards Institution on 30 September 1983, after the draft finalized by the Industrial Safety Advisory Committee had been approved by the Executive Committee.

0.2

This standard was originally issued in 1966 with the following objectives in view:
  1. To help in evaluating the relative need for taking accident prevention measures in different departments of an establishment;
  2. To help in making an appraisal of the progress of an accident prevention campaign and making people safety-conscious;
  3. To provide encouragement when methods used for the prevention of accidents are successful; and
  4. To enable comparisons to be made.

0.3

The committee responsible for preparing this standard felt that time was opportune to revise this standard to incorporate the following changes;
  1. It aligns the definitions of ‘partial disablement* and ‘Total disablement’, and includes other definitions as given in the latest version of the Workmen’s Compensation Act, 1923 (India);
  2. It also includes the definition and method for computation of incidence rates;
  3. It has given more comprehensive coverage to classification of accidents; 3
  4. It includes an additional item covering the basis of assessment of work injury; and
  5. It includes a clause on statistical period so as to make comparison meaningful.

0.4

While preparing this revision, particularly 0.3 (c) above, assistance has been derivied from AS 1885-1976’ Recording and measuring work injury experience’, issued by the Standards Association of Australia.

1. SCOPE

1.1

This standard prescribes basic methods for recording and classifying industrial accidents. It also includes details of work injury and gives the methods for computation of frequency, severity and incidence rate of work injuries in industrial premises. This would enable adoption of a uniform system of recording events associated with injuries and the determination of corrective action.

2. TERMINOLOGY

2.0

For the purpose of this standard, the following definitions shall apply.

2.1

Accident—An unintended occurrence arising out of and in the course of employment of a person resulting in injury.

2.2

Death—Fatality resulting from an accident.

2.3

Disabling Injury (Lost Time Injury)—An injury causing disablement extending beyond the day of shift on which the accident occurred.
Note—An ideal system of accident statistics would take into account every occurrence causing injur” however slight. Unfortunately, this is impracticable be cause the record of trivial injuries varies not only according to the number sustained but also according to the strictness with which a firm insists on this being reported. On the other hand, if an accident keeps a man away from work for a day or more, his absence is hound to be noticed. In other words, the ‘one day’ or, One shift’ accident has been chosen because it is a standard unit which cannot vary to a great extent from firm to firm or from year to year. This is, therefore, used for practical purposes as it is the nearest accurate figure to the ideal and is a very simple standard to use.

2.4

Non-disabling Injury—An injury which requires medical treatment only, without causing any disablement whether of temporary or permanent nature.

2.5

Reportable Disabling Injury (Reportable Lost Time Injury)—An injury causing death or disablement to an extent as prescribed by the relevant statute.
4

2.6

Days of Disablement (Lost Time)—In the case of disablement of a temporary nature, the number of days on which the injured person was partially disabled as defined in 2.7. In the case of death or disablement of a permanent nature whether it be partial or total disablement as defined in 2.7 and 2.8 man-days lost means the charges in days of earning capacity lost due to such permanent disability or death as specified in Appendix B. In other cases the day on which the injury occured or the day the injured person returned to work are not to be included as man-days lost; but all intervening calendar days (including Sundays or, days off, or days of plant shut down) are to be included. It after resumption of work, the person injured is again disabled for any period arising out of the injury which caused his earlier disablement, the period of such subsequent disablement is also to be induced in the man-days lost.

2.7

Partial Disablement—This is of two types: disablement of a temporary nature which reduces the earning capacity of an employed person in any employment in which he was engaged at the time of the accident resulting in the disablement; and disablement of a permanent nature, which reduces his earning capacity in every employment which he was capable of undertaking at the time.

2.8

Total Disablement—Disablement, whether of a temporary or permanent nature, which incapacitates a workman for all work which he was capable of performing at the time of the accident resulting in such disablement, provided that permanent total disablement shall be deemed to result from every type of injury specified in Part A of Appendix A or from any combination of injuries specified in Part Β of Appendix A where the aggregate percentage of the loss of earning capacity, as specified in that part against those injuries, amounts to one hundred percent.

2.9

Man-Hours Worked—The total number of employee-hours worked by all employees working in the industrial premises. It includes managerial, supervisory, professional, technical, clerical and other workers including contractors’ labour.

2.10

Scheduled Charge—Charges in days of earning capacity lost due to permanent disability or death (see Appendix A).

3. CALCULATION OF MAN-HOURS WORKED

3.1

Man-hours worked shall be calculated from the pay roll or time clock recorded including overtime. When this is not feasible, the same shall be estimated by multiplying the total man-days worked for the period covered by the number of hours worked per day. The total number of man-days for a period is the sum of the number of men at work on each day of the period. If the daily hours vary from department
5 to department separate estimates shall be made for each department and the result added together. When actual man-hours are not used, the basis on which the estimates are made shall be indicated.

4. CLASSIFICATION OF ACCIDENTS

4.1

The principal factors related to causation of accidents are:
  1. agency,
  2. unsafe mechanical or physical condition,
  3. unsafe act,
  4. unsafe personal factor,
  5. type of accident,
  6. nature of injury, and
  7. location of injury.
A standard classification as given in Appendix B could serve as a guide for detailed analysis of accidents for the study of the various causative factors and their relationships.

4.2

Each of the items of classification in Appendix B has been assigned a code number which may be used to identify the recorded items of information. When mechanical tabulating procedures are used, the code number will serve as a useful guide for sorting and tabulating the data.

5. ASSESSMENT OF WORK INJURY

5.1 Basis of Assessment

5.1.1

General—Thorough investigation of all factors relating to the occurrence of each reported injury is essential. Determination as to whether or not the injury should be considered a work injury under the provisions of this standard shall be based on the evidence collected during investigations.

5.1.2

Evidence—The evidence to be considered in determining whether or not the reported injury should be considered a work injury may include, but not necessarily be limited to the following:
  1. Facts resulting from investigation of the injured employee’s work activities and working environment to which the injury might be related;
  2. Statements (written if possible) of the injured employee, fellow employees, witnesses and supervisors; 6
  3. Medical reports acceptable to the authority classifying the work injury; and
  4. Facts concerning the injured employee’s work activity for other employers, and other off-the-job activities, injuries and illnesses.

5.2 Assessment of Special Gases

5.2.1

General—Before inclusion in the record special cases should be assessed. Clauses 5.2.2 to 5.2.15 are intended to assist in such assessment but these provisions/rules should not be used to exclude a genuine work injury from the record.

5.2.2

Inguinal Hernia—An inguinal hernia shall be considered a work injury only if it is precipitated by an impact, Sudden effort, or severe strain, and meets, after investigation, all of the following conditions:
  1. There is clear evidence of an accidental event or an incident, such as a slip, trip or fall, sudden effort or over-exertion;
  2. There was actual pain in the hernial region at the time of the accident or incident; and
  3. The immediate pain was so acute that the injured employee was forced to stop work long enough to draw the attention of his foreman or fellow employee, or the attention of a physician was secured within 12 hours.

5.2.3

Back Injury—A back injury or strain shall after investigation, be considered a work injury if:
  1. There is clear evidence of an accident event or an incident such as a slip, trip or fall, sudden effort or over-exertion, or blow on the back; and
  2. A medical practitioner, authorized to treat the case, is satisfied after a complete review of the circumstances of the accident or incident, that the injury could have arisen out of the accident or incident.

5.2.4

Aggravation of Pre-existing Condition—If aggravation of pre-existing physical deficiency arises out of or in the course of employment, the resulting disability shall be considered a work injury and shall be classified according to the ultimate extent of the injury except that if the injury is an inguinal hernia or a back injury the requirement of 5.2.2 or 5.2.3 shall apply.

5.2.5

Aggravation of Minor Injury—If a minor injury is aggravated because of diagnosis or treatment, either professional or non-professional, or if infection or other symptoms develop later, either on the job or off-the-job the injury shall be classified according to its ultimate extent.
7

5.2.6

Cardiovascular Diseases—This term is used to cover the following groups:
  1. Rheumatic heart disease,
  2. Hypertensive disease,
  3. Ischaemic disease,
  4. Heart disease secondary to pulmonary disease,
  5. Cerebrovascular disease,
  6. Diseases of arteries, arterioles and capillaries, and
  7. Disease of veins and lymph vessels.
5.2.6.1
Cardiovascular diseases shall not be recorded as work injuries unless:
  1. the symptoms were so severe during working hours that the attention of a supervisor was drawn to them; and
  2. a medical practitioner, authorized to treat the case, satisfied after a thorough investigation, that the disease or aggravation of the disease was work caused.

5.2.7

Miscellaneous—The category includes the following:
  1. Purposely inflicted injuries—An injury purposely, inflicted by the employee or another person shall be considered a work injury if it arises out of or in the course of employment;
  2. Skylarking—An injury inflicted by or arising out of skylarking during employment shall be considered a work injury.

5.2.8

Other Disabilities—The following are examples of injuries which shall be considered work injuries if they arise out of or in the course of employment:
  1. Animal and insect bites;
  2. Skin irritations and infections;
  3. Muscular disability;
  4. Injuries arising from exposure to extreme temperature (hot or cold); and
  5. Loss of hearing, sight, taste, feel or sense of smell.
8

6. COMPUTATION OF FREQUENCY, SEVERITY AND INCIDENCE RATES

6.1

Frequency Rate—The frequency rate shall be calculated both for lost time injury and reportable lost time injury as follows:
Image
Note 1—If the injury does not cause loss of time in the period in which it occurs but in a subsequent period, the injury should be included in the frequency rate of the period in which the loss of time begins.
Note 2—If an injury causes intermittent loss of time, it should only be included in the frequency rate once, that is, when the first loss of time occurs.
Note 3—Since frequency rate FB is based on the lost time injuries, reportable to the statutory authorities, it may be used for official purposes only. In all other cases, frequency rate FA should be used for comparison purposes.

6.2

Severity Rate—The severity rate shall be calculated from man-days lost both of lost time injury and reportable lost time injury as follows:
Image
Note—Since severity rate SB is based on the lost time injuries reportable to the statutory authorities, it should be used for official purposes only. In all other cases severity rate SA should be used for comparison purposes.

6.2.1

Calculation of man-days lost under 6.2 shall be based on the following:
  1. Man-days lost due to temporary total disability;
  2. Man-days lost according to schedule of charges for death and permanent disabilities as given in Appendix A. In case of multiple injury, the sum of schedule charges shall not be taken to exceed 6 000 man-days;
  3. Days lost due to injury in previous periods, that is, if any accident which occurred in previous period is still causing loss of time in the period under review, such loss of time is also to be included in the period under review; 9
  4. In the case of intermittent loss of time, each period should be included in the severity rate for the period in which the time is lost; and
  5. If any injury is treated as a lost time injury in one statistical period and subsequently turns out to be a permanent disability; the man-days charged to the injury shall be subtracted from the schedule charge for the injury when permanent disability becomes known.

6.3 Incidence Rates

6.3.1

General incidence rate is the ratio of the number of injuries to the number of persons during the period under review. It is expressed as the number of injuries per 1 000 persons employed.
The incidence rate may be calculated both for lost-time injuries and reportable lost-time injuries as follows:
Image
Note—Since reportable lost-time injury incidence rate is based on the lost time injuries reportable to the statutory authorities, it should be used for official purposes only. In all other cases lost-time injury incidence rate should be used.

6.4

Statistical Period—Rates for any period, that is month, quarter or year shall include injuries which occurred during the period, together with any injuries which occurred in the previous 12 months and which have not already been included in earlier calculations.

6.4.1

An injury which occurred in a previous period and which did not cause lost time at the time of occurrence, but caused lost time in the current period, shall be included as a lost-time injury in the current period.

6.4.2

When calculating duration rates, the time lost for the period shall include time lost in the current period caused by injuries which occurred in previous period.
10

APPENDIX A
SCHEDULED CHARGES FOR DISABILITIES*

* Based on Workmen’s Compensation Act (India), 1923 as modified up to 1 February 1962.
(Clauses 2.8, 2.10 and 6.2.1)
Sl No. Description OF Injury Percentage OF Loss OF Earning Capacity Equivalent Man-DAYS Lost
(1) (2) (3) (4)
Part A Total Disablement
1. Death 100 6 000
2. Loss of both hands or amputation at higher sites 100 6 000
3. Loss of a hand and a foot 100 6 000
4. Double amputation through leg or thigh, or amputation through leg or thigh on one side and loss of other foot 100 6 000
5. Loss of sight to such an extent as to render the claimant unable to perform any work for which eyesight is essential 100 6 000
6. Very severe facial disfigurement 100 6 000
7. Absolute deafness 100 6 000
Part B Partial Disablement
a) Amputation Cases—Upper Limbs (Either Arm)
8. Amputation through shoulder joint 90 5 400
9. Amputation below shoulder with stump less than 205 mm from tip acromion 80 4 800
10. Amputation from 205 mm from tip of acromion to less than 115 mm below tip of olecranon 70 4 200 11
11. Loss of a hand or thumb and four fingers of one hand or amputation from 115 mm below tip of olecranon 60 3 600
12. Loss of thumb 30 1 800
13. Loss of thumb and its metacarpal bone 40 2 400
14. Loss of four fingers of one hand 50 3 000
15. Loss of three fingers of one hand 30 1 800
16. Loss of two fingers of one hand 20 1 200
17. Loss of terminal phalanx of thumb 20 1200
b) Amputation Cases—Lower Limbs
18. Amputation of both feet resulting in end-bearing stumps 90 5 400
19. Amputation through both feet proximal to the metatarsophalangeal joint 80 4 800
20. Loss of all toes of both feet through the metatarsophalangeal joint 40 2 400
21. Loss of all toes of both feet proximal inter-phalangeal joint 30 1 800
22. Loss of all toes of both feet distal to the proximal inter-phalangeal joint 20 1 200
23. Amputation at hip 90 5 400
24. Amputation below hip with stump not exceeding 125 mm in length measured from tip of great trochanter 80 4 800
25. Amputation below hip with stump exceeding 125 mm in length measured from tip of great trochanter but not beyond middle thigh 70 4 200 12
26. Amputation below middle thigh to 90 mm below knee 60 3 600
27. Amputation below knee with stump exceeding 90 mm but not exceeding 125 mm 50 3 000
28. Amputation below knee with stump exceeding 125 mm 40 2 400
29. Amputation of one foot resulting in end-bearing 30 1 800
30 Amputation through one foot proximal to the metatarsophalangeal joint 30 1 800
31. Loss of all toes of one foot through the metatarsophalangeal joint 20 1200
c) Other Injuries
32. Loss of one eye, without complications the other being normal 40 2 400
33. Loss of vision of one eye, without complications or disfigurement of eye-ball, the other being normal 30 1 800
d) Loss of Fingers of Right or Left Hand
(i) Index fingers
34. Whole 14 840
35. Two phalanges 11 660
36. One phalanx 9 540
37. Guillotine amputation of tip without loss of bone 5 300
(ii) Middle finger
38. Whole 12 720
39. Two phalanges 9 540
40. One phalanx 7 420
41. Guillotine amputation of tip without loss of bone 4 240 13
(iii) Ring or little finger
42. Whole 7 420
43. Two phalanges 6 360
44. One phalanx 5 300
45. Guillotine amputation of tip without loss of bone 2 120
e) Loss of Toes of Right or Left Foot
(i) Great toe
46. Through metatarsophalangeal joint 14 840
47. Part, with some loss of bone 3 180
(ii) Any other toe
48. Through metatarsophalangeal joint 3 180
49. Part, with some loss of bone 1 60
(iii) Two toes of one foot excluding great toe
50. Through metatarsophalangeal joint 5 300
51. Part, with some loss of bone 2 120
(iv) Three toes of one foot, excluding great toe
52. Through metatarsophalangeal joint 6 360
53. Part, with some loss of bone 3 180
(v) Four toes of one foot, excluding great toe
54. Through metatarsophalangeal joint 9 540
55. Part, with some loss of bone 3 180
Note 1—Complete and permanent loss of the use of any limb or member referred to in this appendix shall be deemed to be the equivalent of the loss of that limb or member.
Note 2—Maximum scheduled charges in case of any injured person shall be 6 000 man-days.
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APPENDIX B
CLASSIFICATION OF INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS

(Clauses 4.1 and 4.2)
Code No. Particulars
B-1. CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO AGENCY
(Agency is the object or substance which is most closely associated with the accident causing the injury and with respect to which adoption of a safety measure could have prevented the accident)
20 Machines
201 Prime-movers, except electrical motors
2011 Steam engines
2012 Internal combustion engines
2012 Others
202 Transmission Machinery
2021 Transmission shafts
2022 Transmission belts, cable pulleys, pinions, chains, gears
2029 Others
203 Metal Working Machines
2031 Power presses
2032 Lathes
2033 Milling machines
2034 Abrasive wheels
2035 Mechanical shears
2036 Forging machines
2037 Rolling mills
2039 Others
204 Wood and Associated Machines
2041 Circular saws
2042 Other saws
2043 Moulding machines
2044 Overhand planes
2049 Others 15
205 Agricultural Machines
2051 Reapers (including combined reapers)
2052 Thresshers
2059 Others
206 Mining Machinery
2061 Drilling and boring machine including augurs
2062 Cutting machine
2063 Loading machine including scrapers
2064 Cutter-loaders including other continuous miners
2069 Others
209 Other Machines Not Elsewhere Classified
2091 Earth-moving machines
2092 Spinning, weaving and other textile machines
2093 Machines for the manufacture of foodstuffs and beverages
2094 Machine for the manufacture of paper and leather
2095 Printing machines
2099 Others
21 Means of Transportation and Moving Equipment
211 Lifting Machines and Appliances
2111 Cranes
2112 Lifts and elevators
2113 Winches
2114 Pulley blocks
2119 Others
212 Means of Rail Transportation
2121 Inter-urban railways
2122 Rail transportation in mines, tunnels, quarries, industrial establishments, docks, etc
2129 Others
213 Other Wheeled Means of Transportation, Excluding Rail Transportation
2131 Tractors
2132 Lorries 16
2133 Trucks
2134 Motor Vehicles, not elsewhere classified
2135 Animal-drawn vehicles
2136 Hand-drawn vehicles
2139 Others
214 Means of Air Transportation
215 Means of Water Transportation
2151 Motorised means of water transportation
2152 Non-motorised means of water transportation
219 Other Means of Transport
2191 Cable cars
2192 Mechanical conveyors, except cable-cars
2199 Others
22 Other Equipment
221 Pressure Vessels
2211 Boilers
2212 Pressurised containers
2213 Pressurised piping and accessories
2214 Gas cylinders
2215 Vacuum vessels
2219 Others
222 Furnaces, Ovens, Kilns
2221 Blast furnaces
2222 Refining furnaces
2223 Other furnaces
2224 Kilns
2225 Ovens
223 Refrigerating Plants
224 Electrical Installations, Including Electric Motors but Excluding Electric Hand Tools
2241 Rotating machines
2242 Conductors 17
2243 Control apparatus
2249 Others
225 Electric Hand Tools
226 Tools, Implements and Appliances Except Electric Hand Tools
2261 Power-driven hand tools, except electric hand tools
2262 Hand tools, not power-driven
2269 Others.
227 Ladders, Mobile Ramps
228 Scaffolding
229 Other Equipment not Elsewhere Classified
23 Materials, Substances and Radiations
231 Explosives
232 Dusts, Gases, Liquids and Chemicals, Excluding Explosives
2321 Dusts
2322 Gases, vapours, fumes
2323 Liquids
2324 Chemicals not elsewhere classified
2329 Others
233 Flying Objects Other Than Due to Explosion
234 Radiations
2341 Ionising radiations
2349 Others
239 Other Materials and Substances not Elsewhere Classified
24 Working Environment
241 Outdoor
2411 Weather
2412 Traffic and working surfaces
2413 Water
2414 Fire
2419 Others 18
242 Indoor
2421 Floors
2422 Confined quarters
2423 Stairs
2424 Other traffic and working surfaces
2425 Floor openings and wall openings
2426 Environmental factors (Lighting, ventilation, temperature, noise, etc)
2427 Water
2428 Fire
2429 Others
25 Other Agencies—Mining and Tunneling
251 Underground Mining and Tunneling
2511 Roof
2512 Side and face
2513 Floor
2514 Mine shaft
2515 Water
2516 Fire
2517 Others
252 Opencast Mining (Including Quarrying)
2521 Overhang
2522 Side face
2523 Ground
2524 Water
2525 Fire
2529 Others
26 Other Agencies, not Elsewhere Classified
261 Animals
2611 Live animals
6212 Animal products
262 Other Agencies Not Elsewhere Classified 19
27 Agencies Not Classified for Lack of Sufficient Data
29 Other Agencies
B-2. CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO UNSAFE MATERIAL OR PHYSICAL CONDITIONS
(This identifies the unsafe mechanical or physical condition or conditions related to the agency, which contributed to the causation of accident)
10 Improperly guarded agency
20 Defects in agency
30 Hazardous arrangement, procedure, etc in, on, or apparel
40 Improper illumination
50 Unsafe dress or apparel
60 Improper ventilation
70 Others
B-3. CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO THE UNSAFE ACT
(This identifies the deviation from the accepted and laid down safe procedure, which contributed to the causation of accident)
10 Operating without authority, failure to secure or warn
20 Operating at unsafe speed
30 Marking safety devices inoperative
40 Using unsafe equipment, hand instead of equipment, or equipment unsafely
50 Unsafe loading, placing, mixing, combining, etc
60 Taking unsafe position or posture
70 Others
B-4. CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO UNSAFE PERSONAL FACTOR
(This identifies the anatomical, physiological or the psychological characteristic which permitted or occasioned the selected unsafe act)
10 Unsuitable anatomical, physiological, or psychological characteristics
20 Lack of knowledge or skill 20
30 Unsuitable mechanical or physical conditions, social environment, etc.
B-5. CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO TYPE OF CACIDENTS
(The type of accident is the manner in which the object or substance causing the injury comes into contact with the injured person, or the movement of the injured person which resulted in the injury)
10 Falls of Persons
101 Falls of persons from heights (trees, buildings, mine trenches, scaffolds, ladders, machines, vehicles) and into depths (wells, ditches, excavations, shafts, holes in the ground)
102 Fats of persons on the same level
11 Fall of Objects
111 Cave-ins (earth, rocks, stone)
1111 Cave-in or fall of roof
1112 Cave-in or fall of side and face
1113 Cave-in or collapse of shaft
1114 Premature collapse of ground
1115 Bumps and rock-bursts
112 Slides (earth, rock, stone, show)
113 Subsidence of ground
114 Collapse of buildings, walls, scaffolds, ladders, piles of goods, etc
115 Fall of cages, skips and kibbles
116 Fall of objects during handling
12 Stepping on, Striking Against or Struck by Object Excluding Falling Objects
121 Stepping on objects
122 Striking against stationary objects (except impacts due to previous fall)
123 Striking against moving objects
124 Struck by moving objects (including flying fragments and particles) excluding failing objects 21
13 Caught in or Between Objects
131 Caught in an object
132 Caught between a stationary object and a moving object
133 Caught between moving objects (except flying or falling objects)
14 Over-Exertion or Wrong Movements
141 Over-exertion in lifting objects
142 Over-exertion in pushing or pulling objects
143 Over-exertion in handling or throwing objects
144 Wrong movements
15 Exposure to or Contact With Extreme Temperature
151 Exposure to or contact with heat (atmosphere or environment)
152 Exposure to or contact with cold (atmosphere or environment)
153 Contact with fire, hot substances or objects
154 Contact with very cold substances or objects
16 Exposure to or Contact with Electric Current
17 Exposure to or Contact with Harmful Substances, Including Relations
171 Contact by inhalation, ingestion or absorption of harmful substances including gases
172 Exposure to ionising radiations
173 Exposure to radiations other than ionising radiations
18 Explosions
181 Explosion
182 Gas explosion
183 Dust explosion
184 Others
19 Others
191 Inundations and eruption
192 Exposure to high noise
193 Bursting and rupture of vessels 22
C-6. CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO NATURE OF THE INJURY
(This identifies the injury in terms of its principal physical characteristics)
310 Fractures
Includes simple fractures; fractures with injuries to soft parts of the body (compound fracture); fractures with injuries to articulations (dislocations, etc); fractures with internal or nerve injuries.
320 Dislocations
Includes sublaxations and displacements.
Excludes fracture dislocations (310).
325 Sprains and Strains
Includes, unless associated with an open wound, the ruptures, tears, and lacerations of muscles, tendons, ligaments and joints, as well as hernias due to over exertion.
330 Concussions and Other Internal Injuries
Includes, unless fractures are involved, all internal contusions, haemorrhages, lacerations, ruptures.
Excludes those injuries with fractures (310).
340 Amputations and Enucleations
Includes traumatic avulsion of eye.
341 Other Wounds
Includes lacerations, open wounds, cuts, contusions with wounds, scalp wounds, as well as loss of nails or ears; includes wounds involving injury to nerves.
Excludes traumatic amputations, enucleations; avulsion of eye (340) compound fracture (310); burns with open wounds (360); superficial injuries (350).
350 Superificial Injuries
Includes abrasions, scratches, blisters, bites of non-venomous insects, superficial wounds; also includes superficial injuries due to foreign bodies entering in the eye. 23
355 Contusions and Crushings
Includes aemarthrosis, haematoma and bruises; contusions and crushing associated with superficial injuries.
Excludes concussions (330); contusions and crushing with fracture (310); and contusions and crushings with an open wound (341).
360 Burns
Includes burns from hot objects; from fire; scales; friction burns; radiation burns (infra-red); chemical burns (external burns only); burns with open wounds.
Excludes burns due to swallowing a corrosive or caustic substance (370); sunburn (380); effects of lightning (380); burns due to electric current (382); and radiation effects other than burns (383).
370 Acute Poisonings
Includes the effects of the injection, ingestion, absorption or inhalation of toxic, corrosive or caustic substances; bites of venomous insects or animals; asphyxiation by carbon monoxide or other toxic gases.
Excludes external chemcial burns (360).
380 Effects of Weather, Exposure and Related Conditions
Includes effects of reduced temperature (frost-bite); the effect of heat and isolation (heat strokes, sunstrokes); baratrauma (effects of high altitude, docompression caused due to working in compressed air well); the effects of lightning; sound trauma (total or partial loss of hearing as a separate injury, not a sequel to another injury).
381 Asphyxia
Includes drowning asphyxiation or suffocation by compression, constriction or strangulations; also includes asphyxiation by suppression or reduction of oxygen in the surrounding atmosphere and asphyxiation by foreign bodies in the respiratory tract.
Excludes asphyxiation by carbon monoxide or other toxic gases (370).
382 Effects of Electric Currents
Includes electrocution; electrical shock and burn due to electric current. 24
Excludes burns caused by electrical heating appliances (370) and the effects of lightning (380).
383 Effects of Radiations
Includes effects caused by X-rays, radio-active substances, ultraviolet rays, ionising radiations.
Excludes burns due to radiations (360) and sunstrokes (380).
390 Multiple Injuries of Different Nature
This group should be used only for case where the injured person sustained several injuries of different nature and no injury is obviously more severe than the others.
In case of multiple injuries suffered in one accident where one of the injuries is obviously more severe than the others, then this accident should be classified in the group corresponding to the nature of the more obviously severe injury.
399 Others and Unspecified Injuries
This group should only be used to classify injuries which cannot be classified elsewhere.
Includes various early complications of trauma and pathological reaction which should be classified in this group only when the nature of the antecedent injury is unknown.
B-7. CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO THE LOCATION OF THE INJURY
(Location of injury identifies the part of the injured person’s body directly affected by the injury identified).
Note—The groups relating to multiple locations (see Code No. 46) should be used only to classify cases where the victim suffers from several injuries to different parts of the body and no injury obviously is more severe than the others. When in an accident which caused multiple injuries located at different parts of the body one of these injuries is obviously more severe than the others, this accident, should be classified in the group corresponding to the location of the obviously more severe in jury. For example, a fracture of the leg accompanied by the scratch of the hand should be classified in group 454.
41 Head
411 Cranium region (skull brain, scalp)
412 Eye (including orbit and optic nerve)
413 Ear 25
414 Mouth (including lips, teeth and tongue)
415 Nose
416 Face, locations not classified elsewhere
417 Head, multiple locations
418 Head, unspecified location
42 Neck (including Throat and Cervical Vertebrae)
43 Trunk
431 Back (spinal column and adjoining muscles, spinal cord)
432 Chest (ribs, sternum, internal organs of the chest)
433 Abdomen (including internal organs)
434 Pelvis
438 Trunk, multiple locations
439 Trunk, unspecified location
44 Upper Limb
441 Shoulder (including clavicle and shoulder blade)
442 Upper limb
443 Elbow
444 Forearm
445 Wrist
446 Hand (except fingers alone)
447 Fingers
448 Upper limb, multiple locations
449 Upper limb, unspecified location
45 Lower Limb
451 Hip
452 Thigh (upper leg)
453 Knee
454 Leg (lower leg)
455 Ankle
456 Foot (except toes alone)
457 Toes
458 Lower Limb, multiple locations
459 Lower limb, unspecified location 26
46 Multiple Locations
461 Head and trunk, head and one or more limbs
462 Trunk and one or more limbs
463 One upper limb and one lower limb or more than two limbs
464 Other multiple locations
465 Multiple locations, unspecified
47 General Injuries
[ This group should be used only when the functioning of an active body system has been affected without a specific injury (for example, poisoning, etc); when the systemic damage results from an injury a specific part of the body (for example, a fracture of the spinal column involving injury to the spinal cord) the location of the injury to this part of the body (in this case the spinal column) should be coded ].
471 Circulatory system in general
472 Respiratory system in general
473 Digestive system in general
474 Nervous system in general
475 Other general injuries
476 General injuries, unspecified
49 Unspecified Location of Injury
(This group should only be used when no information is available to identify the part of the body affected)
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Safety Practices and Procedures Subcommittee, ISAC/S-3
Convener Representing
Shri P. R. Surendranathan Directorate General Factory Advice Service and Labour Institutes (Ministry of Labour), Bombay
    Members
    Shri H. Ganapathy (Alternate to Shri P. R. Surendranathan)
Shri Jacob Chacko Director of Factories & Boilers, Government of Kerala, Trivandrum
Shri Charanjit Lal Chief Controllerate of Explosives, Nagpur
    Shri B. R. Dave (Alternate)
Chief Engineer (Electrical) Industries Energy and Labour Department, Bombay
    Superintending Engineer (Inspection) (Alternate)
Chief Inspector Of Boilers, Central Boiler Board, New Delhi
Karnataka
Director Mines Safety Directorate General of Mines Safety, Dhanbad
    Deputy Director Of Mines Safety (SG) (Alternate)
V. N. Kholkute Chief Inspectorate of Factories, Government of Maharashtra, Bombay
    Shri G. R. Gujar (Alternate)
Shri R. B. Mathur Railway Board (Ministry of Railways)
Shri G. B. Menon Standing Fire Advisory Council, New Delhi
Shri N. C. Mukherjee National Safety Council, Bombay
    Shri N. Raghavan (Alternate)
Shri V. K. Murthy The Tata Iron & Steel Company Ltd, Jamshedpur
    Shri K. N. Bhattacharya (Alternate)
28

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

Headquarters:
Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DELHI 110002
Telephones : 331 01 31, 331 13 75 Telegrams : Manaksanatha (Common to all offices)
Regional Offices: Telephones
Central : Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, NEW DELHI-110002 331 01 31
331 13 75
*Eastern : 1/14 C.I.T. Scheme VII M, V. 1. P. Road, Maniktola, CALCUTTA 700054 36 24 99
Northern : SCO 445-446, Sector 35-C, CHANDIGARH 160036 2 18 43
3 16 41
Southern : C. I. T. Campus, MADRAS 600113 41 24 42
41 25 19
41 29 16
†Western : Manakalaya, E9 MIDC, Marol, Andheri (East), BOMBAY 400093 6 32 92 95
Branch Offices:
‘Pushpak’ Nurmohamed Shaikh Marg, Khanpur, AHMEDABAD 380001 2 63 48
2 63 49
‡Peenya Industrial Area, 1st Stage, Bangalore Tumkur Road BANGALORE 560058 38 49 55
38 49 56
Gangotri Complex, 5th Floor, Bhadbhada Road, T. T. Nagar, BHOPAL 462003 6 67 16
Plot No. 82/83, Lewis Road, BHUBANESHWAR 751002 5 36 27
53/5, Ward No. 29, R. G. Barua Road, 5th Byelane, GUWAHATI 781003 3 31 77
5-8-56 C L. N. Gupta Marg (Nampally Station Road), HYDERABAD 500001 23 10 83
R14 Yudhister Marg, C Scheme, JAIPUR 302005 6 34 71
6 98 32
117/418 B Sarvodaya Nagar, KANPUR 208005 21 68 76
21 82 92
Patliputra Industrial Estate, PATNA 800013 6 23 05
T.C. No. 14/1421, University P.O., Palayam TRIVANDRUM 695035 6 21 04
6 21 17
Inspection Office (With Sale Point) :
Pushpanjali, 1st Floor, 205-A West High Court Road, Shankar Nagar Square, NAGPUR 440010 2 51 71
Institution of Engineers (India) Building, 1332 Shivaji Nagar, PUNE 411005 5 24 35
*Sales Office in Calcutta is at 5 Chowringhee Approach, P.O. Princep Street, Calcutta 700072 27 68 00
†Sales Office in Bombay is at Novelty Chambers, Grant Road, Bombay 400007 89 65 28
‡Sales Office in Bangalore is at Unity Building, Narasimharaja Square Bangalore 560002 22 36 71
Printed at Simco Printing Press, Delhi, India
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