KM1R

Ammonia synthesis catalyst

KM1R is a prereduced iron-based ammonia synthesis catalyst containing a number of carefully selected promoters.

Application

KM1R is used in the majority of the world’s ammonia converters to convert synthesis gas containing hydrogen and nitrogen into ammonia.

Prereduced for faster activation

KM1R is a prereduced ammonia synthesis catalyst produced through carefully controlled reduction of KM1 and skin passivated to ensure safe handling. The use of KM1R significantly reduces the time required for catalyst activation, thereby minimizing plant downtime. Furthermore, the activation of KM1R only generates minor amounts of water, resulting in less aqueous ammonia produced during start-up.

KM1

Ammonia synthesis catalyst

KM1 is an iron-based ammonia synthesis catalyst containing a number of carefully selected promoters.

Application

KM1 is used in the majority of the world’s ammonia converters to convert synthesis gas containing hydrogen and nitrogen into ammonia.

An industry benchmark

Over the years, Topsoe has supplied over 1,200 charges of KM1 catalyst. The high and stable activity of KM1 has resulted in an extensive track record of very long lifetimes achieved in industrial operation and record high production rates. Typically, KM1 is only replaced in connection with plant revamps or installation of new converter internals.
 

LK-823

Low temperature shift catalyst

Topsoe’s low methanol LTS catalyst LK-823 is developed in response to the increasing concern for methanol by-product formation over LTS catalysts. Similar to LK-821-2 catalysts, it is based on oxides of copper, zinc, and aluminum. LK-823 differs in being promoted with a small amount of cesium leading to obtaining improved selectivity.

Application

LK-823 is used in ammonia and hydrogen plants for the conversion of carbon monoxide via the water-gas shift reaction. LK-823 is cesium promoted for minimum methanol by-product formation.

Reduction in methanol formation

A significant advantage of LK-823 is the reduction of methanol by-product formation by a factor of 8 to 10. This reduction is possible due to a small amount of promoter material, which is added to the catalyst with no compromise on activity. The advantages of lower methanol formation include additional hydrogen available for downstream processes, which further improves the plant owner’s bottom line. 

Today, LK-823 is the preferred choice within the industry within lowering methanol emissions for meeting industry regulations on by-production formation without incurring additional equipment costs.

LK-821-2

Low temperature shift catalyst

Topsoe’s standard LTS catalyst LK-821-2 is a high-copper catalyst based on oxides of copper, zinc and aluminum.  Global recognition of the superiority of the LK-821-2 has been demonstrated by industrial data through the years, making it the most widely used LTS catalyst in the world.

Application

LK-821-2 is used in ammonia and hydrogen plants for the conversion of carbon monoxide via the water-gas shift reaction.

High and stable activity 

The high activity of LK-821-2 is the result of advanced optimization of composition and production method. The copper oxide content of the catalyst is finely dispersed in order to obtain a large copper surface area, which gives not only high but also stable activity after reduction. An important advantage of this particular feature is the ability to operate at minimum inlet temperatures to the reactor, which maximizes CO conversion and subsequent production of hydrogen and ammonia.

Protection against sulfur poisoning

The presence of free zinc oxide in LK-821-2 and the other LK catalysts combined with an unsurpassed chemisorption capacity provides the catalyst with an outstanding tolerance towards sulfur poisoning. LK catalysts virtually act as their own sulfur guard by capturing any incoming sulfur in the upper part of the catalyst bed.

LSK-2

The chlorine guard catalyst

Topsoe’s LSK-2 is a guard catalyst designed to protect the MTS and LTS catalysts against chlorine for many years due to its unique composition with unmatched chlorine capacity. 

Application

LSK-2 is a top layer guard catalyst used to protect the bulk MTS and LTS catalysts from chlorine poisoning.

Managing the chlorine challenge

MTS and LTS catalysts are seriously poisoned even by trace amounts of chlorine, which migrate through the catalyst bed, causing loss of active copper surface area due to sintering. LSK-2 has a capacity for chlorine, which significantly exceeds that of other water gas shift guard catalysts and, equally important, it captures the chlorine effectively. A further advantage of the LSK-2 catalyst is its tolerance for water droplets, thus avoiding sudden pressure drop increases. This tolerance is particularly beneficial during plant shutdowns and restarts, where LSK-2 will protect the lower catalyst.

RKS-2-7H

Secondary and autothermal reforming catalyst

RKS-2-7H is a nickel based reforming  catalyst for secondary and autohtermal reforming. 

Application

RKS-2-7H is used in the main bed of secondary and autothermal reformers.

High activity and low pressure drop

The carrier of RKS-2-7H is magnesium aluminum spinel which shows unmatched thermal stability at reforming conditions. The RKS-2-7H catalyst has high activity and the shape and size gives low start-of-run pressure drop.
 
RKS-2-7H may be used in the whole reformer bed or together with RKS-2 or RKA-02/RKS-2 depending on the operating conditions. 

RKS-2

Secondary and autothermal reforming catalyst

RKS-2 is a nickel based reforming catalyst for secondary and autothermal reformers. 

Application

RKS-2 is used in the upper part of the reforming catalyst bed in secondary and autothermal reformers to reduce the effect of ruby and dust deposition.

Minimizing the pressure drop increase

The composition, shape and size of the RKS-2 catalyst are optimized to be ideal for the upper layer in reformers which are challenged by ruby or dust deposition in the catalyst bed.

R-67R-7H

Tubular reforming catalyst

A non-alkali prereduced catalyst for steam reforming.

Application 

R-67R-7H is used in tubular reformers for steam reforming of light feedstocks such as natural gas. For reforming of feedstocks ranging from heavy natural gas to LPG and for operation under high heat flux conditions such as in top-fired steam reformers Topsoe’s series of alkali-promoted catalysts are used.

Prereduced, high-activity and fast start-up

R-67R-7H is prereduced and used as toplayer in the reformer tubes in combination with R-67-7H or Topsoe’s series of low alkali promoted catalysts. By using the R-67R-7H in the top of the tubes, the reforming process is initiated immediately when exposed to process gas. The hydrogen generated in the top layer rapidly activates the catalyst in the lower part of the tube, and this easy activation greatly minimizes the start-up time. The prereduced R-67R-7H is particularly well suited for the lower inlet temperatures of the reforming furnace due to a special manufacturing technique. An additional advantage of R-67R-7H is the reduction of the catalyst at Topsoe’s production facilities in dry hydrogen at an optimal temperature, which results in higher activity than what could be obtained by in-situ reduction.

RA-67-7H

Low ammonia tubular reforming catalyst

RA-67-7H is Topsoe’s low ammonia formation catalyst for steam reforming.

Application

RA-67-7H is unreduced and used in tubular reformers for steam reforming of light feedstocks such as natural gas. For reforming of feedstocks ranging from heavy natural gas to LPG and for operation under high heat flux conditions such as in top-fired steam reformers, RA-67-7H is used in combination with Topsoe’s series of alkali-promoted catalysts.

High activity and low ammonia formation

In some plants, typically methanol plants operating with nitrogen in the natural gas, it is beneficial to lower the ammonia concentration after the tubular reformer. First of all, ammonia will consume valuable hydrogen but it will also combine with the methanol produced in the methanol synthesis loop to form methylamines which result in lower product purity, higher distillation costs and possible odor problems

The RA-67-7H is specially promoted to reduce the ammonia at the outlet of the reformer by approximately one-third of the amount typically observed with Topsoe’s R-67-7H. RA-67-7H should be installed in the warmest, i.e. lower portion of the reformer tubes.

TK-250

Hydrogenation catalyst

TK-250 is Topsoe’s well-proven ring-shaped hydrogenation catalyst for syngas applications. TK-250 is a cobalt molybdenum oxide catalyst on an alumina carrier. This catalyst efficiently converts organic sulfur and olefins, thereby protecting costly downstream catalysts.

Application

TK-250 is used for hydrogenation of sulfur, chlorine and unsaturated compounds in hydrocarbon feeds ranging from natural gas to naphtha.

High hydrogenation activity

TK-250 is based on an optimized alumina carrier with high surface area and pore volume, ensuring easy access of the reactants to the interior of the catalyst. The active cobalt and molybdenum metals are finely dispersed on the alumina carrier, which provides TK-250 with a high hydrogenation activity.

Ring-shaped for low pressure drop

A valuable benefit of the ring-shaped TK-250 is the added protection against increasing pressure drop caused by dust or other contaminants present in the feed. Under such conditions, the effective catalyst lifetime can be significantly increased by selecting TK-250.

TK-261

Hydrogenation catalyst

TK-261 is the latest hydrogenation catalyst developed by Topsoe for syngas applications. The nickel-molybdenum-based TK-261 catalyst is manufactured using an improved carrier material and a new metal dispersion technique, which results in superior hydrogenation activity.

By selecting TK-261, very long catalyst lifetimes can be achieved in the hydrogenation section, and downstream catalysts will benefit from the unmatched protection of TK-261.

Application

TK-261 is used for hydrogenation of sulfur, chlorine and unsaturated compounds in hydrocarbon feeds ranging from natural gas to naphtha.

Superior hydrogenation activity

The superior hydrogenation activity of TK-261 is the result of Topsoe’s extensive R&D efforts within hydrogenation catalysts. The modified alumina carrier has an optimized pore structure that facilitates easy access to the active nickel and molybdenum sites. 

A new production method ensures a fine metal dispersion, which greatly increases the number of active sites. The combination of an improved pore structure and optimum metal dispersion provides TK-261 with a superior hydrogenation activity.

Optimized shape

TK-261 is manufactured in an asymmetric quadralobe shape, which results in a low pressure drop across the catalyst bed. Furthermore, the quadralobe shape enhances the effective catalyst activity by providing a large external surface area and minimizing the diffusion distance inside the catalyst pellets.

Haldor Topsoe invests in Indian fertilizer plant

13.09.2018

• Topsoe has signed a shareholder agreement for a 11.7% stake in the Ramagundam fertilizer plant in Telangana, India, together with the Danish government-owned fund IFU and The Danish Agribusiness Fund (DAF).
• The Ramagundam project comprises 2,200 MTPD ammonia and 3,850 MTPD urea plants.
• The new plant is part of the Indian government’s revival plan for the domestic fertilizer sector to ensure self-sufficiency in urea fertilizers. Three out of the four current fertilizer plant revival projects are based on Topsoe’s world-leading ammonia technology, including Ramagundam.

Topsoe, IFU, and DAF have signed a shareholder agreement with promoter companies National Fertilizers Limited (NFL), Engineers India Limited (EIL), Fertilizer Corporation of India Limited (FCIL), the natural gas processing and distribution company Gail (India) Limited (GAIL), and the State of Telangana. The partners have agreed on a shared investment in the Ramagundam fertilizer plant, which is scheduled to begin operation in the second quarter of 2019 as the first of the revival projects.

“We see Topsoe and IFU’s investment as a very important aspect of the financial closure and as a sign of their confidence in the project management team and fundamental parameters of the venture. It brings about a tangible support from Topsoe in terms of future operational efficiencies, optimal energy efficiency, and back-end support from the world’s leading ammonia technology supplier. In addition, we expect that the international experts from Topsoe and IFU on the Board of Directors of RFCL will pave the path for good corporate governance as well as technical vision for our future direction,” says Mr. V. K. Malhotra, CEO, Ramagundam fertilizer.

Topsoe’s uninterrupted dedication to the Indian fertilizer industry for more than five decades has made the company the largest supplier of process and catalyst solutions in the Indian market.

“Topsoe has a long-standing presence in India where our world-leading ammonia technologies have been instrumental in building a domestic fertilizer industry. Today, we are proud to expand our engagement in the revival process by becoming an active investor in the Ramagundam plant together with our extremely competent Indian and Danish partners. This is yet another important step in the Indian government’s efforts towards self-sufficiency in urea production and as a consequence: food security,” says Amy Hebert, Executive Vice President and Deputy CEO, Topsoe.

The Indian fertilizer sector consists mainly of publicly owned companies, and foreign direct investment in the sector is not customary. However, Topsoe is now a member of the group of owners of the Ramagun-dam plant because of the important role of Topsoe’s ammonia technologies and catalysts in the plant. Topsoe and its Danish partners will have a seat in the Board of Directors of the Ramagundam plant and will take an active role to secure long-term success.

Local Weather Report and Forecast For: Kakinada Dated :Dec 31, 2018

Local Weather Report and Forecast For: Kakinada    Dated :Dec 31, 2018

Past 24 Hours Weather Data Maximum Temp(oC) (Recorded. on 31/12/18) 27.7 Departure from Normal(oC) -1 Minimum Temp (oC) (Recorded. on 31/12/18) 16.3 Departure from Normal(oC) -4 24 Hours Rainfall (mm) (Recorded from 0830 hrs IST of yesterday to 0830 hrs IST of today) NIL Relative Humidity at 0830 hrs (%) 59 Relative Humidity at 1730 hrs (%) (Recorded. on 31/12/18) 47 Todays Sunset (IST) 17:38 Tommorows Sunrise (IST) 06:30 Moonset (IST) 13:25 Moonrise (IST) 01:19

7 Day's Forecast Date Min Temp Max Temp Weather 31-Dec 16.0 26.0 Partly cloudy sky with haze 01-Jan 16.0 27.0 Partly cloudy sky with haze 02-Jan 16.0 28.0 Partly cloudy sky with haze 03-Jan 17.0 28.0 Partly cloudy sky with haze 04-Jan 17.0 29.0 Partly cloudy sky with haze 05-Jan 17.0 27.0 Partly cloudy sky with haze 06-Jan 17.0 28.0 Partly cloudy sky with haze

Gas chromatography . ppt-II

Gas chromatography . ppt