Household air pollution

Key facts

• Around 2.4 billion people worldwide (around a third of the global population) cook using open fires or inefficient stoves fuelled by kerosene, biomass (wood, animal dung and crop waste) and coal, which generates harmful household air pollution.
• Household air pollution was responsible for an estimated 3.2 million deaths per year in 2020, including over 237 000 deaths of children under the age of 5.
• The combined effects of ambient air pollution and household air pollution are associated with 6.7 million premature deaths annually.
• Household air pollution exposure leads to noncommunicable diseases including stroke, ischaemic heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer.
• Women and children, typically responsible for household chores such as cooking collecting firewood, bear the greatest health burden from the use of polluting fuels and technologies in homes.
• It is essential to expand use of clean fuels and technologies to reduce household air pollution and protect health. These include solar, electricity, biogas, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), natural gas, alcohol fuels, as well as biomass stoves that meet the emission targets in the WHO Guidelines.

Overview

Worldwide, around 2.4 billion people still cook using solid fuels (such as wood, crop waste, charcoal, coal and dung) and kerosene in open fires and inefficient stoves (1). Most of these people are poor and live in low- and middle-income countries. There is a large discrepancy in access to cleaner cooking alternatives between urban and rural areas: in 2020, only 14% of people in urban areas relied on polluting fuels and technologies, compared with 52% of the global rural population.

Household air pollution is generated by the use of inefficient and polluting fuels and technologies in and around the home that contains a range of health-damaging pollutants, including small particles that penetrate deep into the lungs and enter the bloodstream. In poorly ventilated dwellings, indoor smoke can have levels of fine particles 100 times higher than acceptable. Exposure is particularly high among women and children, who spend the most time near the domestic hearth. Reliance on polluting fuels and technologies also require significant time for cooking on an inefficient device, and gathering and preparing fuel.

Guidance

In light of the widespread use of polluting fuels and stoves for cooking, WHO issued a set of normative guidance, the Guidelines for indoor air quality: household fuel combustion, which offer practical evidence-based guidance on what fuels and technologies used in the home can be considered clean, including recommendations discouraging use of kerosene and recommending against use of unprocessed coal; specifying the performance of fuels and technologies (in the form of emission rate targets) needed to protect health; and emphasizing the importance of addressing all household energy uses, particularly cooking, space heating and lighting to ensure benefits for health and the environment. WHO defines fuels and technologies that are clean for health at the point of use as solar, electricity, biogas, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), natural gas, alcohol fuels, as well as biomass stoves that meet the emission targets in the WHO Guidelines.

Without strong policy action, 2.1 billion people are estimated to still lack access to clean fuels and technologies in 2030 (1). There is a particularly critical need for action in sub-Saharan Africa, where population growth has outpaced access to clean cooking, and 923 million people lacked access in 2020. Strategies to increase the adoption of clean household energy include policies that provide financial support to purchase cleaner technologies and fuels, improved ventilation or housing design, and communication campaigns to encourage clean energy use.  

Impacts on health

Each year, 3.2 million people die prematurely from illnesses attributable to the household air pollution caused by the incomplete combustion of solid fuels and kerosene used for cooking (see household air pollution data for details). Particulate matter and other pollutants in household air pollution inflame the airways and lungs, impair immune response and reduce the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.

Among these 3.2 million deaths from household air pollution exposure:

• 32% are from ischaemic heart disease: 12% of all deaths due to ischaemic heart disease, accounting for over a million premature deaths annually, can be attributed to exposure to household air pollution;
• 23% are from stroke: approximately 12% of all deaths due to stroke can be attributed to the daily exposure to household air pollution arising from using solid fuels and kerosene at home;
• 21% are due to lower respiratory infection: exposure to household air pollution almost doubles the risk for childhood LRI and is responsible for 44% of all pneumonia deaths in children less than 5 years old.  Household air pollution is a risk for acute lower respiratory infections in adults and contributes to 22% of all adult deaths due to pneumonia;
• 19% are from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): 23% of all deaths from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in adults in low- and middle-income countries are due to exposure to household air pollution; and
• 6% are from lung cancer: approximately 11% of lung cancer deaths in adults are attributable to exposure to carcinogens from household air pollution caused by using kerosene or solid fuels like wood, charcoal or coal for household energy needs.

Household air pollution accounted for the loss of an estimated 86 million healthy life years in 2019, with the largest burden falling on women living in low- and middle-income countries. 

Almost half of all deaths due to lower respiratory infection among children under 5 years of age are caused by inhaling particulate matter (soot) from household air pollution.

There is also evidence of links between household air pollution and low birth weight, tuberculosis, cataract, nasopharyngeal and laryngeal cancers.

Impacts on health equity, development and climate change

Significant policy changes are needed to rapidly increase the number of people with access to clean fuels and technologies by 2030 to address health inequities, achieve the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and mitigate climate change.

• Women and children disproportionately bear the greatest health burden from polluting fuels and technologies in homes as they typically labour over household chores such as cooking and collecting firewood and spend more time exposed to harmful smoke from polluting stoves and fuels.
• Gathering fuel increases the risk of musculoskeletal injuries and consumes considerable time for women and children – limiting education and other productive activities. In less secure environments, women and children are at risk of injury and violence while gathering fuel.
• Many of the fuels and technologies used by households for cooking, heating and lighting present safety risks. The ingestion of kerosene by accident is the leading cause of childhood poisonings, and a large fraction of the severe burns and injuries occurring in low- and middle-income countries are linked to household energy use for cooking, heating and lighting (2).
• The lack of access to electricity for over 750 million (1) people forces households to rely on polluting devices and fuels, such as kerosene lamps for lighting, thus making them exposed to very high levels of fine particulate matter.
• The time spent using and preparing fuel for inefficient, polluting devices constrains other opportunities for health and development, like studying, leisure time, or productive activities.
• Black carbon (sooty particles) and methane emitted by inefficient stove combustion are powerful short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs).
• Household air pollution is also a major contributor to ambient (outdoor) air pollution.

WHO response

WHO provides technical support and capacity building to countries and regions to evaluate and scale-up health-promoting household fuels and technologies. To address household air pollution and its negative impact on health, WHO:

• develops guidelines for indoor air quality and household fuel combustion, to provide health-based recommendations on the types of fuels and technologies that protect health, and effective strategies for the dissemination and adoption of cleaner household fuels and technologies;
• builds capacity at the country and regional level through direct consultations and workshops on household energy and health;
• maintains the global household energy database to monitor progress in the transition to cleaner fuels and stove combinations in households, reporting as the custodian agency for reporting on SDG indicator 7.1.2, the proportion of the population with primary reliance on clean fuels and technologies. WHO also supports assessments of burden of disease from household air pollution resulted from the use of polluting fuel and technologies;
• develops and updates tools and resources such as the Clean Household Energy Solutions Toolkit (CHEST) to help countries identify stakeholders working on household energy and public health to design, implement and monitor policies addressing household energy for better health;
• supports governments to estimate costs and health benefits of implementing household energy interventions;
• convenes the global Health and Energy Platform of Action (HEPA), which strengthens cooperation between the health and energy sectors to ensure universal access to clean and sustainable energy for households and health-care facilities in order to protect health; 
• works with countries, researchers and other partners to harmonize methods of planning and evaluation across settings for consistent and rigorous household energy and health assessments;
• leads efforts with countries and surveying agencies to enhance, harmonize and pilot questions for national censuses and surveys, including assessing the health risks of using polluting household energy, as well as differentiated gender impacts from household energy practices; and
• develops guidance and resources for integrating clean household energy into global health and climate change initiatives as well as decision-support tools.

 

References

1. IEA, IRENA, UNSD, World Bank, WHO. 2022. Tracking SDG 7: The Energy Progress Report. World Bank, Washington DC. © World Bank. License: Creative Commons Attribution—NonCommercial 3.0 IGO (CC BY-NC 3.0 IGO). Available from: https://trackingsdg7.esmap.org/downloads
2. Puthumana JS, Ngaage LM, Borrelli MR, Rada EM, Caffrey J, Rasko Y: Risk factors for cooking-related burn injuries in children, WHO Global Burn Registry. Bull World Health Organ. 2021 Jun 1;99(6):439-445. https://doi.org/10.2471%2FBLT.20.279786 

CAQM Sub-Committee for invoking GRAP holds an emergency meeting

 

CAQM Sub-Committee for invoking GRAP holds an emergency meeting

Stage-III of GRAP to be enforced in the entire NCR with immediate effect

9-point action plan as per Stage-III of GRAP to be strictly implemented

Actions under Stage ‘I’ and Stage ‘II’ of the GRAP to be further intensified

Posted On: 30 DEC 2022 5:58PM by PIB Delhi

Delhi’s overall Air Quality Index (AQI) clocked at 399 today as per the 4PM AQI Bulletin provided by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). In view of significant deterioration in air quality of Delhi-NCR in last 24 hours, the Sub-Committee for invoking actions under the Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) of the Commission for Air Quality Management in NCR & Adjoining Areas (CAQM) held an emergency meeting today. During the meeting, the Sub-Committee comprehensively reviewed the air quality scenario in the region as well as the forecasts for meteorological conditions and air quality index of Delhi. While assessing the overall air quality parameters, the Sub-Committee noted that due to extreme unfavorable meteorological conditions the overall air quality of Delhi has deteriorated over last few hours and there is an increasing trend further in the coming days as per the Air Quality forecast of IMD/IITM. Therefore, it is considered necessary to put Stage-III of GRAP back in place with immediate effect in the entire NCR in an effort to prevent further deterioration of air quality in the region.

Based on earlier decisions of the Sub-Committee on GRAP, actions up to Stage-I and Stage-II of the GRAP are already in force vide orders dated October 5, 2022 and October 19, 2022 respectively. Actions under stage-III of GRAP were invoked on 04.12.2022 in the NCR, pursuant to a significant deterioration in the average air quality of Delhi and the Sub-Committee in its meeting held on December 07, 2022 reviewed the air quality scenario in the region and based on the improvement in the overall AQI of Delhi, the Sub-Committee revoked its order dated 4th December, 2022 vide order dated 7th December, 2022.

As per the dynamic model and weather/ meteorological forecast, the overall AQI of Delhi is expected to slip into ‘Severe’ category owing to calm wind and stable atmospheric conditions and is expected to deteriorate further, therefore, in an effort to prevent further deterioration of air quality in the region, the Sub-Committee has decided that all actions as envisaged under Stage III of the GRAP – ‘Severe’ Air Quality (DELHI AQI ranging between 401-450), be implemented in right earnest by all the agencies concerned, with immediate effect in the entire NCR. This is in addition to the preventive/ restrictive actions already in force under Stage-I and Stage-II of GRAP.

Accordingly, a 9-point action plan as per Stage-III of GRAP is applicable with immediate effect from today in the entire NCR in addition to preventive/ restrictive actions under Stage-I and Stage-II of the GRAP which are already in place. This 9-point action plan includes steps to be implemented/ ensured by different agencies and PCBs of NCR and DPCC. These steps are:

1. Intensified frequency of mechanised/ vacuum-based sweeping of roads.
2. Daily water sprinkling along with use of dust suppressants, before peak traffic hours, on roads and right of ways including hotspots, heavy traffic corridors and proper disposal of the collected dust in designated sites/ landfills.
3. Intensification of public transport services. Introduce differential rates to encourage off-peak travel.
4. Construction & Demolition (C&D) Activities:

(i) Enforce strict ban on construction and demolition activities in the entire NCR, except for the following categories of projects:

1. Railway services / Railway stations
2. Metro Rail Services including stations.
3. Airports and Inter State Bus Terminals.
4. National security/ defence related activities/ projects of national importance.
5. Hospitals/ health care facilities.
6. Linear public projects such as highways, roads, flyovers, over bridges, power transmission, pipelines etc.
7. Sanitation projects like sewage treatment plants and water supply projects etc.
8. Ancillary activities specific to and supplementing above categories of projects.

Note: The above exemptions shall be further subject to strict compliance of the C&D Waste Management Rules, dust prevention/ control norms including compliance with the directions of the Commission issued from time to time in this regard.

 

(ii) Other than the projects exempted under (i) above, dust generating/ air pollution causing C&D activities to be strictly banned during this period shall include:

· Earthwork for excavation and filling including boring & drilling works.

· All structural construction works including fabrication and welding operations.

· Demolition works.

· Loading & unloading of construction materials anywhere within or outside the project sites.

· Transfer of raw materials either manually or through conveyor belts, including fly ash.

· Movement of vehicles on unpaved roads.

· Operation of batching plant.

· Laying of sewer line, waterline, drainage work and electric cabling by open trench system.

· Cutting and fixing of tiles, stones and other flooring materials.

· Grinding activities.

· Piling work.

· Water Proofing work.

· Road construction/ repair works including paving of sidewalks / pathways and central verges etc.

 

(iii) For all construction projects in NCR, non-polluting / non-dust generating activities such as plumbing works, interior decoration, electrical works and carpentry related works shall be permitted to be continued.

 

5. Industrial operations

1. For industrial areas having PNG infrastructure and supply:

Strictly enforce closure / ban on such industries/ operations not running on fuels as in the standard list of approved fuels for NCR.

2. For industrial areas not having PNG infrastructure and supply:

Regulate operations of such industries not using any of the fuels as per the standard list of approved fuels for NCR, to operate only for maximum 5 days a week as under (till 31.12.2022):

(i) Paper and pulp processing, distilleries and captive thermal power plants – to remain inoperative on Saturdays and Sundays.

(ii) Paddy / rice processing units – to remain inoperative on Mondays and Tuesdays.

(iii) Textile/ garments and apparels including dyeing processes – to remain inoperative on Wednesdays and Thursdays.

(iv) Other industries not falling in the above noted categories – to remain inoperative on Fridays and Saturdays.

3. With effect from 01.01.2023, strictly enforce closure/ ban in the entire NCR, on such industries/ operations not running on fuels, as in the standard list of approved fuels for NCR.

Note: Milk & dairy units and those involved in manufacturing of life saving medical equipment / devices, drugs and medicines shall, however be exempted from the above restrictions.

 

6. Close brick kilns, hot mix plants which are not operating on fuels, as in the standard list of approved fuels for NCR.
7. Close down operations of stone crushers.
8. Ban / Close down mining and associated activities in the NCR.
9. State Governments in NCR/ GNCTD may impose restrictions on BS III petrol and BS IV diesel LMVs (4 wheelers).

 

Moreover, the Commission appeals to the citizens of NCR to cooperate in implementing GRAP and follow the steps mentioned in the Citizen Charter under GRAP. Citizens are advised to:

• Choose a cleaner commute - share a ride to work or use public transport or walk or cycle.
• People, whose positions allow working from home, may work from home.
• Do not use coal and wood for heating purpose.
• Individual house owners may provide electric heaters (during winters) to security staff to avoid open burning.
• Combine errands and reduce trips. Walk to errands wherever possible.

 

Further, all implementing agencies are advised that actions under Stage ‘I’ and Stage ‘II’ of the GRAP are further intensified and special drives are conducted for implementation of actions under Stage ‘III’, particularly restrictions related to Construction & Demolition activities, stone crushers and mining and associated activities. Regulatory actions need to be taken on Industrial operations, brick klins, and hot mix plants using non-approved fuels.

The Commission is closely watching the situation and will review the air quality scenario accordingly. The revised schedule of the GRAP is available on the Commission’s official website and can be accessed via caqm.nic.in

 

Compare ISO 14001 + ISO 45001

ISO 45001 Occupational Health & Safety Management System was intentionally developed to be compatible with ISO 14001 (Environmental) management systems standards for easier integration of quality, environmental and occupational health & safety management systems by organizations. ISO 45001 outlines requirements for an occupational health and safety (OH&S) management system, to enable an organization to control its OH&S risks and improve its performance.

 

Integrating an IMS can be more effective and efficient than maintaining individual systems. Whichever method you choose, review the advantages of an IMS.

Integration Options

There are three primary options the organization must choose between:

1. Maintaining two separate systems (14001/45001)
2. Partially integrated systems
3. Fully integrated systems

Responsible Care® by the Numbers

Responsible Care® is the chemical industry’s world-class environmental, health, safety and sustainability initiative. Practiced in nearly 70 countries, Responsible Care helps protect the health and safety of people and the environment. Responsible Care companies are industry leaders, working to advance the safety and sustainability of our employees, our facilities and the communities in which we operate.

Unless otherwise noted, statistics reflect data through the current reporting cycle.

Learn more at: https://www.americanchemistry.com/chemistry-in-america/data-industry-statistics/responsible-care-by-the-numbers

Responsible Care®: Driving Safety & Industry Performance

The safety of chemical operations and products is a core priority for ACC members. Responsible Care is our industry’s commitment to the health and safety of our employees, the communities in which we operate and the environment as a whole. 

The members of the American Chemistry Council (ACC) are committed to safety and sustainability in the communities where we operate and in the products we manufacture. Through implementation of Responsible Care®, our members demonstrate their commitment the health and safety of their employees, the communities in which they operate and the environment as a whole.

For nearly 35 years, companies practicing Responsible Care have worked to significantly enhance their environmental, health, safety and security (EHS&S) performance.

Participation in Responsible Care is a mandatory for all ACC members and Responsible Care Partner companies, all of which have made CEO-level commitments to the program, including: 

Learn more at: https://www.americanchemistry.com/chemistry-in-america/responsible-care-driving-safety-industry-performanceLearn more at: https://www.americanchemistry.com/chemistry-in-america/responsible-care-driving-safety-industry-performance

Management System Certification

A management system is a set of policies and procedures that express commitments around a set of core values and objectives. Companies practicing Responsible Care® certify their management system is aligned with Responsible Care core values and objectives by demonstrating compliance with a Responsible Care Management System® (RCMS) Technical Specification and three codes of practice (Product Safety Code, Process Safety Code, and Security Code).

Technical Specifications

The Responsible Care Management System Technical Specification identifies a set of required elements for management systems, designed to help companies assess impacts, set performance goals, develop internal processes to drive performance and share progress with the public. ACC members and Responsible Care Partners must demonstrate conformance to either this technical specification or to the RC14001® technical specification, as part of their overall Responsible Care obligations.

The Responsible Care Management System’s framework is simple, building on a “Policy-Plan-Do-Check-Act” philosophy that raises the bar for industry-wide performance in key areas: community awareness and emergency response; security; distribution; employee health and safety; pollution prevention; and process and product safety. The framework also allows flexibility for individual companies and facilities to meet their specific needs, while uniting under a common set of core values and objectives.

Auditing

A key part of the Responsible Care Management System process is mandatory certification by an independent, accredited auditor. All of the more than 250 companies practicing Responsible Care in the United States undergo headquarters and facility-level audits to ensure they have management system to drive continual performance improvement.

Responsible Care companies must renew their certification every three years, and companies can choose to certify to one of two management system technical specifications, as well as implement all three Codes of Practice. Learn more about the technical specifications and three Codes below:

RCMS certification, which verifies that a company has implemented the Responsible Care Management System; or

RC14001, which combines Responsible Care and ISO 14001 certification into a single, cost-effective process.

Product Safety Code, Process Safety Code, and Security Code 

Learn more at: https://www.americanchemistry.com/chemistry-in-america/responsible-care-driving-safety-industry-performance/management-system-certification

Responsible Care Management System The Responsible Care Management System® (RCMS) was developed by the American Chemistry Council (ACC). The ACC represents the U.S. chemical industry.

 

Responsible Care Management System

The Responsible Care Management System® (RCMS) was developed by the American Chemistry Council (ACC). The ACC represents the U.S. chemical industry.

RCMS embodies the Responsible Care® Guiding Principles and Codes of Management Practice.

RCMS Transforms the Responsible Care® Guiding Principles and Codes of Management Practice, into a traditional Plan-Do-Check-Act management system cycle.Its aim is to prevent accidents, injuries or harm to the environment through a scope that covers pollution prevention, distribution, product stewardship, process safety, employee health and safety, security, community awareness and emergency response, performance reporting and the value chain.Key components of RCMS include policy and leadership, planning, implementation, performance measurement and management review. 

More and more market-leading businesses are recognizing the importance of management systems to key business functions and understand the significance of certification – it’s their proof point that gives them the competitive edge. 

There has been a considerable increase in management systems certifications recently, reinforcing their importance in the market. 

In this blog, we will uncover the following topics, including some complimentary, supportive resources for you to download and share:

1. The Importance of Management Systems
2. 8 Step Implementation Plan

Management systems are important tools for supporting competitive organizations that must adhere to legal and tender requirements for production, services, and business activities. 

Businesses today face increasing levels of complexity and risk, which has been further compounded by the global pandemic. In a recent American Institute of Certified Public Accountants survey, 57% of respondents perceived an increase in the volume and complexities of risk for their business. In addition to facing increased demands, organizations often find the performance requirements conflict with strategic goals. 

For instance, an organization may strive to: 

• Deliver high quality products at a low price 
• Achieve global scale while retaining local knowledge or 
• Guarantee fast and reliable supply of quality products 

This growing complexity requires a more sophisticated approach to risk management as organizations take a more progressive approach to certification. They recognize that standards are more than just a checkbox to remain compliant with regulators or request for proposal reviewers. Certification to one or more ISO standard can support a risk-based-thinking culture that promotes: ‘whole organization’ involvement and commitment, continuous improvement, competitive advantage, and greater efficiency. 

Many organizations have realized the value from having certifications aligned to their strategic priorities, including Quality, Environment, Health and Safety and Information Security. 

The Importance of Management Systems

A management system is a key tool in helping to streamline your business processes and build-in efficiency. Implementation of the appropriate management system and certifying to the appropriate standard to your business improves business performance and embeds safe and sustainable practices into your operations. On a practical level, it demonstrates your capability to meet the needs of your customers and in doing so, empowers your business to improve its relationships with them too. An effective management system looks at managing and optimizing risks, improving performance and transparency, and fueling a culture of continual improvement. Implementation of the standard for that system is often the key driver to customer’s expectations being met around the quality or trustworthiness of a business.

This can be achieved by adopting management system standards and getting ISO certified. Taking this approach is not just about box ticking either – for many businesses adopting management standards is a fundamental part of their growth strategy. By ensuring consistent improvement to their products and services as well as efficiency and performance, they secure a more robust and sustainable business, which in turn achieves the goal of meeting or exceeding customer expectations.

YEAR END REVIEW 2022: DEPARTMENT OF LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS

 

YEAR END REVIEW 2022: DEPARTMENT OF LEGISLATIVE AFFAIRS

The Department examined 78 Notes for the Cabinet/new legislative proposals in consultation with different Ministries/Departments for drafting of Bills/Ordinances for introduction in the Houses of the Parliament/promulgation during the period from 1 st January to 5th December, 2022

 19 Legislative Bill  forwarded to Parliament for introduction during this period

Various Electoral Rules have been amended during 2022

Posted On: 29 DEC 2022 2:06PM by PIB Delhi

 

1. Background

1.1 Legislative Department acts mainly as a service provider in so far as the legislative business of the Union Government is concerned. It ensures timely processing of legislative proposals of various Ministries/Departments. In this context, Legislative Department plays an important role in assisting the Ministries/Departments of the Government to achieve the policy objectives through legislation.

1.2 Legislative Department does not have any statutory or autonomous body under its control. Besides the main Secretariat. Legislative Department has two wings under it, namely, the Official Languages Wing and Vidhi Sahitya Prakashan, which are responsible for translation of Bills, Ordinances, Rules, Regulations in Hindi; and propagation of Hindi and other Official Languages in the field of law Legislative Department provides assistance to State Governments in translation of Central Laws into the languages mention in the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution.

2. Important Tasks Undertaken by the Department

During the period from 1 stJanuary, 2022 to 5th December, 2022, this Department has examined 78 Notes for the Cabinet/new legislative proposals in consultation with different Ministries/Departments for drafting of Bills/Ordinances for introduction in the Houses of the Parliament/promulgation. 19 Legislative Bill were forwarded to Parliament for introduction during this period. The list of Bills forwarded to Parliament during this period is as follow:-

 

Bills forwarded to Parliament for introduction during 01.01.2022 to 28.11.2022

Sl. No.	Titles
1	The Finance Bill, 2022
2	The Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order (Amendment) Bill, 2022
3	The Constitution (Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes) Orders (Amendment) Bill, 2022
4	The Jammu and Kashmir Appropriation Bill, 2022
5	The Jammu and Kashmir Appropriation (No.2) Bill, 2022
6	The Appropriation Bill, 2022
7	The Appropriation (No.2) Bill, 2022
8	The Appropriation (No.3) Bill, 2022

 

9	The    Constitution   (Scheduled    Castes    and   Scheduled   Tribes)    Orders  (Second Amendment) Bill, 2022
10	The Delhi Municipal Corporation (Amendment) Bill, 2022
11	The Criminal Procedure (Identification) Bill, 2022
12	The Indian Antarctic Bill, 2022
13	The Weapons of Mass Destruction and their Delivery System (Prohibition of Unlawful Activities) Amendment Bill, 2022
14	The Family Courts (Amendment) Bill, 2022
15	The Central Universities (Amendment) Bill, 2022
16	The Energy Conservation (Amendment) Bill, 2022
17	The Competition (Amendment) Bill, 2022
18	The New Delhi International Arbitration Centre (Amendment) Bill, 2022
19	The Electricity (Amendment) Bill, 2022

 

II.             Out of the Bills which were pending before Parliament and those introduced during the

period from 1st January, 2022 to 28th November, 2022, 17 Bills have been enacted into Acts. The list of the Acts enacted during this period is as follow:-

Acts enacted

Sl. No.	Title of the Act
1	The Appropriation (No.5) Bill, 2021 (Act No. 1 of 2022)
2	The Appropriation (No.2) Bill, 2022 (Act No.2 of 2022)
3	The Appropriation (No.3) Bill, 2022 (Act No.3 of 2022)
4	The Jammu and Kashmir Appropriation Bill, 2022 (Act No.4 of 2022)
5	The Jammu and Kashmir Appropriation (No.2) Bill, 2022 (Act No.5 of 2022)
6	The Finance Bill, 2022 (Act No. 6 of 2022)
7	The Appropriation Bill, 2022 (Act No.7 of 2022)
8	The Constitution (Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes) Orders (Amendment) Bill, 2022 (Act No.8 of 2022)
9	The Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order (Amendment) Bill, 2022 (Act No.9 of 2022)
10	The Delhi Municipal Corporation (Amendment) Bill, 2022 (Act No.10 of 2022)
11	The Criminal Procedure (Identification) Bill, 2022 (Act No.11 of 2022)
12	The Chartered Accountants, Cost and Works Accountants and Company Secretaries (Amendment) Bill, 2021 (Act No.12 of 2022)
13	The Indian Antarctic Bill, 2022 (Act No. 13 of 2022)
14	The Weapons of Mass Destruction and their Delivery System (Prohibition of Unlawful Activities) Amendment Bill, 2022 (Act No. 14 of 2022)

 

15	The National Anti -Doping (Amendment) Bill, 2022 (Act No.15 of 2022)
16	The Family Courts (Amendment) Bill 2022 (Act No.16 of 2022)
17	The Central Universities (Amendment) Bill, 2022 (Act No.17 of 2022)

 

III. Total 5 Regulations have been promulgated by the President under article 240 of the Constitution during the aforesaid period: -

Regulations promulgated

Si. No.	Title of the Regulation
1	The Lakshadweep Value Added Tax Regulation, 2022 (1 of 2022).
2	The Lakshadweep (Right to Public Services) Regulation, 2022 (2 of 2022)
3	The Lakshadweep Building Development Board (Repeal) Regulation, 2022 (3 of 2022)
4	The Lakshadweep Co-operative Societies Regulation, 2022 (4 of 2022)
5	The Lakshadweep Panchayat Regulation, 2022 (5 of 2022)

 

IV. SUBORDINATE LEGISLATION

During the period from lstJanuary, 2022 to 28th November. 2022, the number of statutory rules, regulations, orders and notifications scrutinized and vetted by this Department was 2098.

Election Laws and Electoral Reforms

In this regard, various Electoral Rules have been amended during 2022, a gist of which is as follows

1. On the recommendation of the Election Commission of India. the Government vide notification number S.G. 72(E), dated the 06th January, 2022, has amended the Conduct of Election Rules, 1961 to increase the maximum limit of expenditure by a candidate for Parliamentary Constituency and Assembly Constituency of State/Union territory elections. In respect of larger States/Union territories, it has been increased for Parliamentary Constituency and Assembly Constituency Elections from Rs. 77 Lakh and Rs. 30.8 lakh to Rs. 95 Lakh and Rs. 40 Lakh, respectively, and in respect of smaller States/Union territories, it has been increased for Parliamentary Constituency and Assembly Constituency Elections from Rs. 59.4 Lakh and Rs. 22 lakh to Rs. 75 Lakh and Rs. 28 Lakh, respectively.
2. The Registration of Electors Rules, 1960 have been amended vide notification number S.O. 2802(E), dated the 17th June, 2022 which inter-alia, envisages

 

1. making the statutes gender neutral in line with the avowed policy of gender equality and
   inclusiveness vis-à-vis conduct of our elections;
2. making the process of inclusion/modification/claims/objections of details in electoral roll
   more inclusive and comprehensive by amending forms 1, 2, 2A, 3, 6, 6B, 7, 8, 11, 18, 19.

III.               The Registration of Electros Rules, 1960 have been amended vide notification number

S.O. 5038(E), dated the 26th October, 2022, to ensure multiple qualifying dates for enrolment in the electoral roll, which will expand the voter base and consequently greater participation of eligible voters in the electoral process

3.              Further, in accordance with Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019, delimitation

exercise for Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies has been carried out in the Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir and the same has been published in the Gazette of India vide notification number S.O. (E) 2223, dated the 20th May, 2022.

INSTITUTE OF LEGISLATIVE DRAFTING AND REASEARCH (ILDR)

Legislative drafting is a specialised job which involves drafting skills and expertise. Apart from in-depth knowledge of laws and their regular updation, continuous and sustainable efforts are required to enhance the skills of legislative drafting. The Officers of the Central Government, State Governments and Union territory Administrations dealing with legislative proposals and the students of law need training and orientation to develop the aptitude and the skills in legislative drafting.

2. In January, 1989, with a view to increase the availability of trained officers to deal with legislative proposals as also trained Legislative Counsel in the country, the Institute of Legislative Drafting and Research (ILDR) was established as a Wing of the Legislative Department, Ministry of Law and Justice. Since its inception, ILDR has been imparting
   theoretical as well as practical training in Legislative Drafting to the officers of the Central Government /State Governments and Union territories.
3. The ILDR conducts one Basic Course and one Appreciation Course in Legislative
   Drafting every year which are as follows:

1. The Basic Course is of three months' duration and meant for the middle level officers of the State Governments/Union territories;
2. The Appreciation Course is of fifteen days' duration for middle level officers of Central Government Ministries/Departments/Attached/Subordinate Offices and Central Public Sector Undertakings;
3. Voluntary Internship Scheme for students of law. This Scheme is intended to motivate students in creating interest in legislative drafting skills and secure knowledge about the nature and working of the Legislative Department. The Voluntary Internship Scheme has been

 

devised for Law students who are studying in Third Year of Three Year LLB Course or Fourth or Fifth year of Five year LLB course, from four to six weeks. The said scheme has been started from the year 2013. With all Covid — 19 restrictions and social distancing norms the Voluntary Internship Scheme has been revived from July, 2022.

4.                A one month training course in Legislative Drafting was conducted from 16th August, 2022 to 15th September, 2022 for all officers of State Government/Union territory Administrations and Officers of State Legislative Assemblies.

India Code Information System (ICIS)

Each year number of legislations (both principal Acts and Amending Acts) are passed by the legislature and it is difficult for judiciary, lawyers as well as citizens to refer relevant and up to date Acts when required. This can be solved by building up an exhaustive repository of all the Acts and Amendments in one place which is open to all. A need has been felt for the development of building up Central repository of all the Acts and their subordinate legislations (made from time to time) at one place which are easily accessible to all stakeholders with a view to make such laws available in up-to-date form when required by public, lawyers, judges, etc., and to avoid private publishers from exploiting the general public with enormous prices by claiming published updated laws as their copyrighted work. In fact, this is the most vital reason to make India Code available over Internet. Keeping all these aspects in view, India Code Information System (ICIS), a one stop digital repository of all the Central and State Legislation including their respective subordinate legislations has been developed with the help of NIC under the guidance of Ministry of Law and Justice (Legislative Department). It is an important step in ensuing legal empowerment of all citizens as well as the object of ONE NATION — ONE PLATFORM. The main object of this system is to provide a one stop repository of all the Acts and Legislations in India in the latest and updated format as and when required by the general public, lawyers, judges and all other interested parties. Till date, Central Acts from the years 1836 to 2022 total 888 Central Acts and from the year 1834 to 2020, 3375 Repeal Acts have been updated and uploaded on the India Code Portal for general public.

Vidhi Sahitya Prakashan

In the year 1958, the Committee of Parliament on Official Languages recommended that arrangements be made to bring out authorised translation of important judgements of the Supreme Court of India and the High Courts and this work could be entrusted to a Central Office under the supervision of Law Department. Thereafter, on the recommendations of the Hindi Advisory Committee, a "Journal Wing" was set up in the Legislative Department in the year 1968 with the object of promoting the use of Hindi in the legal field which was subsequently redesignated as "VIDHI SAHITYA PRAKASHAN".

Vidhi Sahitya Prakashan started publication of a monthly Journal of Supreme Court Judgments in Hindi under the name and style of "Uchchatama Nyayalaya. Nirnaya Patrika"in the year 1968. Thereafter, another monthly Hindi journal of High Court Judgments was started in January, 1969 under the name and style of "Uchcha Nyayalaya Nirnaya Patrika". In the year 1987 "Uchcha Nyayalaya Nirnaya Patrika" was bifurcated into two Nirnaya Patrikas i.e. "Uchcha Nyayalaya Civil Nirnaya Patrika" and "Uchcha Nyayalaya Dandik Nirnaya Patrika Apart from the publication of the above three Patrikas, Vidhi Sahitya Prakashan also took initiative of the following works, namely:—

1. Publication of High standard text books in Hindi on various subject it the field of law;
2. Award various prizes for the best publications in Hindi in the field of law;
3. Sale of Hindi publications of the Vidhi Sahitya Prakashan and diglot editions Central acts, Constitution of India, legal Glossary. Hindi Lyw Text Brinks and Election Manual; and
4. Promotion and propagation of Hindi in the Legal field by holding conferences, training programmes, seminars and book exhibitions all over India;

Policy Decision:

Vidhi Sahitya Prakashan is playing very important role in implementating the Official Language Policy of the Union under the mandate of Constitution of India, recommendations of Parliamentary Hindi Committee and orders of Hon'ble President of India.

Achievements:

1. Digitization: Vidhi Sahitya Prakashan has entered into era of electronic media through the process of digitization where under hard copies of all three Hindi law Journals and standard law text books in Hindi have been made available for online sale. This Prakashan has also made available soft copies of all three law journals online from 2012 at http://legisiative.gov.inividhi-sahitya for common men, advocates, judges, litigants, and Law Professors and law students etc.
2. Vidhi Sahitya Prakashan has published authentic Hindi Text Books on various legal subjects which have been written by eminent authors and are under the copyright of Government of India.
3. Organizing of Seminars/exhibitions/Conference and sale of Law Books Constitution of India, Central Acts in Diglot (Hindi-English), Legal Glossary, Manual of Election Law, India Code, etc. : The Central Acts and Law Publications are available for online selling on https://bharatkosh.gov.in/ Product/Product/ on digital payment basis i.e. credit care, debit card and net banking etc. and the link if available on main Legislative Department front page. It is a part of 'Ease of Doing Business'. During the period from Pt January, 2022 to 3151 October, 2022 the total sale figure of vidhi Sahitya Prakashan is Rs.21,90,443/- (Rupees twenty one ninety thousand and four Hundred forty three only).

 

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