The Waqf Boards, established under the Waqf Act of 1995, are responsible for managing religious endowments (waqf properties) in India, including mosques, dargahs, and other charitable institutions. State Waqf Boards are established by state governments, while the Central Waqf Council oversees them.
Here's a more detailed overview:
Purpose:
Waqf Boards manage, regulate, and protect waqf properties, which are endowments of movable or immovable property for pious, religious, or charitable purposes under Muslim law.
Structure:
Central Waqf Council: A statutory body under the Government of India that oversees State Waqf Boards.
State Waqf Boards: Established by state governments to manage waqf properties within their jurisdiction.
District Waqf Committees, Mandal Waqf Committees, and Committees for individual Waqf Institutions: These are established by State Waqf Boards to manage properties at the local level.
Functions:
Management and regulation of waqf properties.
Protection of waqf properties from encroachment.
Development of waqf properties.
Supporting religious and charitable institutions like mosques, dargahs, schools, hospitals, etc.
Waqf Act, 1995:
This Act governs the administration of waqf properties in India, providing for the powers and functions of the Waqf Council, State Waqf Boards, and the duties of mutawalli (trustee).
Waqf (Amendment) Bill, 2024:
This bill amends the Waqf Act, 1995, with changes including the composition of Waqf boards, property registration timelines, and the role of government officers.
Composition: The Bill allows state governments to nominate all board members, including non-Muslims, and mandates the presence of non-Muslim members.
Waqf by user: The Bill removes the provision for waqf by user, which allowed waqf to be formed based on long-term use.
Government property as waqf: The Bill states that any government property identified as waqf will cease to be so.
Significance:
Waqf properties in India are extensive, with an estimated 872,000 properties, making India the country with the most waqf properties.
For BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards) specifications for gravity sand filters, refer to IS 8419-1 (1977) for filtration media (sand and gravel) and IS 8419-2 (1984) for the underdrainage system of rapid sand gravity filtration equipment.
ReplyDeleteHere's a breakdown of the relevant specifications:
1. IS 8419-1 (1977): Requirements for Filtration Equipment, Part 1: Filtration Media - Sand and Gravel
Filter Sand:
Effective Size: The effective size (e.s.) should be between 0.15 to 0.30 mm.
Uniformity Coefficient (u.c.): Preferably below 3 and not exceeding 5.
Quality: The sand should conform to IS 8419 (Part 1): 1977.
Loss on Ignition: Should not be more than 0.7 percent.
Grain Shape: Rounded grains are preferable to angular ones.
Sampling: Sampling and criteria for conformity should be in accordance with the standard.
Gravel:
Size: The size of gravel used in the underdrainage system should be as per IS 8419-2.
2. IS 8419-2 (1984): Requirements for Rapid Sand Gravity Filtration Equipment, Part 2: Underdrainage System
Underdrainage System:
Nozzles: Openings should be relatively small and closely spaced.
Nozzle Material: Nozzles should be made of unplasticized PVC/HDPE/stainless steel/brass.
Precast Slabs: Should rest on RCC stub columns or series of beams or dwarf walls.
Backwashing: Bolts, nuts, and washers of stainless steel should be used for holding precast slabs against uplift during backwashing.
Header Channel: A header channel should be provided for uniform distribution of backwash water and air.
Other Considerations:
Ratio of total area of perforations to the entire filter area: May be about 0.3%.
Ratio of length to diameter of the lateral: Should not exceed 60.
Spacing of laterals: Should closely approximate the spacing of orifices, and should be 300 mm.
Cross-sectional area of the manifold: Preferably 1.5 to 2 times the total area of the laterals.
https://www.cracindia.in/admin/uploads/IS-8419---2.pdf
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