Agroecology is an integrated approach to farming that works with ecological principles to create sustainable, productive, and resilient agricultural systems.

 Agroecology is an integrated approach to farming that works with ecological principles to create sustainable, productive, and resilient agricultural systems. It combines traditional knowledge, ecological science, and sustainable practices to enhance soil health, biodiversity, and community well-being.

Key Principles of Agroecology:

1. Biodiversity: Promotes crop diversity, intercropping, and the inclusion of beneficial species (e.g., pollinators, pest predators).

2. Soil Health: Uses cover crops, composting, organic fertilization, and conservation tillage to enhance soil structure and fertility.

3. Water Conservation: Encourages water-efficient practices like mulching, agroforestry, and rainwater harvesting.

4. Reduced External Inputs: Minimizes synthetic fertilizers and pesticides by relying on natural processes and local resources.

5. Synergy: Integrates animals, plants, and microorganisms to create mutually beneficial relationships within the farm system.

6. Cultural and Social Values: Respects local traditions, strengthens community-based food systems, and supports farmer knowledge and autonomy.

7. Resilience: Builds resistance to climate change, market shocks, and ecological stress through diversified and adaptive practices.

Common Practices:

Crop rotation and polyculture

Agroforestry (trees integrated with crops/livestock)

Natural pest control (e.g., insect habitats)

Organic matter recycling

Community-supported agriculture (CSA)

Agroecology is not just a farming technique—it is a science, a movement, and a practice rooted in sustainability, equity, and environmental stewardship.

~ NGA Geography