Global Warming | ||||||||||||||
What is Global Warming? An increase in the average temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere and oceans Global temperature on both land and sea increased by 0.6 ± 0.2 °C over the past century Volume of atmospheric carbon dioxide increased from 280 parts per million in 1800 to 367 in 2000, a 31% increase over 200 years Our Changing Climate Global mean surface temperatures have increased 0.5-1.0°F since the late 19th century The snow cover in the Northern Hemisphere and floating ice in the Arctic Ocean have decreased Sea level has risen 4-8 inches over the past century Global surface temp. could rise 1-4.5°F (0.6-2.5°C) in the next fifty years, and 2.2-10°F (1.4-5.8°C) in the next century What causes it? Human Impacts- Atmospheric greenhouse gases trap some of the outgoing energy, retaining heat Natural Impacts- Change in sun’s energy output Volcanoes Water Vapor Clouds Greenhouse Gases - CO2 Methane Nitrous oxide Fluorinated compounds Since industrial revolution, atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide increased 30%, methane more than doubled, nitrous oxide risen by 15%. These increases have enhanced the heat-trapping capability of the earth’s atmosphere Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Power Plants 40% of carbon dioxide emissions stem from the burning of fossil fuels for the purpose of electricity generation Cars 20% of carbon dioxide emissions comes from the burning of gasoline in internal-combustion engines of cars and light trucks with poor gas mileage contribute the most to global warming Trucks Another 13% of carbon dioxide emissions come from trucks used mostly for commercial purposes Airplanes Aviation causes 3.5 percent of global warming, and the figure could rise to 15 percent by 2050 Carbon Dioxide from Buildings Buildings structure account for about 12% of carbon dioxide emissions Methane Methane is more than 20 times as effective as CO2 at trapping heat in the atmosphere 2004 Levels of atmospheric methane have risen 145% in the last 100 years Derived from sources such as rice paddies, bovine flatulence, bacteria in bogs and fossil fuel production . In flooded fields, anaerobic conditions develop and the organic matter in the soil decomposes Nitrous oxide Naturally produced by oceans and rainforests , man-made sources-nylon and nitric acid production, the use of fertilizers in agriculture, cars with catalytic converters and the burning of organic matter Deforestation Responsible for 25% of all carbon emissions entering the atmosphere by the burning and cutting of about 34 million acres of trees each year . The Carbon Cycle Effects of Global Warming Negative Effects Rising Sea Level Change of precipitation and local climate conditions; acid rain Alteration of forests and crop yields Expansions of deserts into existing rangelands More intense rainstorms Destabilization of Ocean currents Positive Effects Can stimulate plant growth in places where CO2 and temperature are the limiting factors (preventing photorespiration which can destroy existing sugars). Melting Arctic ice may open the Northwest Passage in summer, which would cut 5,000 nautical miles from shipping routes between Europe and Asia What Can be Done: Alternatives Renewable Energy Sources
Choi, O. and A. Fisher (2003) "The Impacts of Socioeconomic Development and Climate Change on Severe Weather Catastrophe Losses: Mid-Atlantic Region (MAR) and the U.S." Climate Change, vol. 58 pp. 149
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Tuesday 26 February 2019
An increase in the average temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere and oceans Global temperature on both land and sea increased by 0.6 ± 0.2 °C over the past century Volume of atmospheric carbon dioxide increased from 280 parts per million in 1800 to 367 in 2000, a 31% increase over 200 years
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