Fuels and Boiling Points Some common fuels and their boiling points

The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which it can change state from a liquid to a gas throughout the bulk of the liquid.
The boiling point is defined as the temperature at which the saturated vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to the surrounding atmospheric pressure.
Some fuels and their boiling points at atmospheric pressure:

• T(^oC) = 5/9[T(^oF) - 32]

Fuel	Boiling Point (oF)
Acetaldehyde	70
Acetone	134
Acetylene	-119.2
Benzene	176.2
Butylene	21.2
Ethyl Alcohol	172
Ethane	-127.5
Ethylene	-154.7
Fuels Oil No.1	304 - 574
Gasoline	100 - 400
IsoButane	10.9
Isobutene	19.6
Isopropyl alcohol	181
Iso-Octane	243.9
IsoPentane	82.2
Kerosine	304 - 574
Methane (Natural Gas)	-258.7
Methyl Alcohol	149
n-Butane	31.1
n-Heptane	209.1
n-Hexane	155.7
n-Octane	258.3
n-Pentane	97.0
n-Pentene	86.0
Naphthalene	424.4
NeoPentane	49.1
NeoHexane	121.5
Propane	-43.8
Propylene	-53.9
Triptane	177.6
Toluene	231.1
Xylene	281.1

Fuels and Chemicals - Auto Ignition Temperatures

The ignition point for some common fuels and chemicals butane, coke, hydrogen, petroleum and more

The Autoignition Temperature - or the minimum temperature required to ignite a gas or vapor in air without a spark or flame being present - are indicated for some common fuels below:

Fuel or Chemical	Autoignition Temperature
	(oC)	(oF)
Acetaldehyde	175	347
Acetic acid	427	801
Acetone, propanone	465	869
Acetylene	305	581
Anthracite - glow point	600	1112
Benzene	560	1040
Bituminous coal - glow point	454	850
Butane	405	761
Butyl acetate	421	790
Butyl alcohol	345	653
Butyl methyl ketone	423	793
Carbon	700	1292
Carbon disulfide, CS2	90	194
Carbon monoxide	609	1128
Charcoal	349	660
Coal-tar oil	580	1076
Coke	700	1292
Cyclohexane	245	473
Cyclohexanol	300	572
Cyclohexanone	420	788
Dichloromethane	600	1112
Diethylamine	312	594
Diethylether	160	320
Diethanolamine	662	1224
Diesel, Jet A-1	210	410
Diisobutyl ketone	396	745
Diisopropyl ether	443	829
Dimethyl sulphoxide	215	419
Dodecane, dihexyl	203	397
Epichlorohydrin	416	781
Ethane	515	959
Ethylene. ethene	490	914
Ethyl acetate	410	770
Ethyl Alcohol, Ethanol	365	689
Fuel Oil No.1	210	410
Fuel Oil No.2	256	494
Fuel Oil No.4	262	505
Furfural	316	601
Heavy hydrocarbons	750	1382
Heptane	204	399
Hexane	223	433
Hexadecane, cetane	202	396
Hydrogen	500	932
Gas oil	336	637
Gasoline, Petrol	246 - 280	475 - 536
Glycerol	370	698
Gun Cotton	221	430
Kerosene	295	563
Isobutane	462	864
Isobutene	465	869
Isobutyl alcohol	426	799
Isooctane	447	837
Isopentane	420	788
Isopropyl alcohol	399	750
Isophorone	460	860
Isohexane	264	507
Isononane	227	440
Isopropyl Alcohol	399	750
Light gas	600	1112
Light hydrocarbons	650	1202
Lignite - glow point	526	979
Magnesium	473	883
Methane (Natural Gas)	580	1076
Methanol, Methyl Alcohol	470	878
Methyl acetate	455	851
Methyl ethyl ketone	516	961
Naphtha	225	437
Neoheaxane	425	797
Neopentane	450	842
Nitrobenzene	482
Nitro-glycerine	254	490
n-Butane	405	761
n-Heptane	215	419
n-Hexane	225	437
n-Octane	220	428
n-Pentane	260	500
n-Pentene	298	569
Oak Wood - dry	482	900
Paper	218 - 246	424 - 475
Peat	227	440
Petroleum	400	752
Pine Wood - dry	427	800
Phosphorus, amorphous	260	500
Phosphorus, transparent	49	120
Phosphorus, white	34	93
Production gas	750	1382
Propane	470	878
Propyl acetate	450	842
Propylene, propene	458	856
Pyridine	482	900
p-Xylene	530	986
Rifle Powder	288	550
Triethylborane	-20	-4
Toluene	535	995
Semi anthracite coal	400	752
Semi bituminous coal - glow point	527	980
Silane	< 21	< 70
Styrene	490	914
Sulphur	243	470
Tetrahydrofuran	321	610
Toluene	530	986
Trichloroethylene	420	788
Wood	300	572
Xylene	463	867

Local Weather Report and Forecast For: Kakinada Dated :Mar 31, 2016

Local Weather Report and Forecast For: Kakinada    Dated :Mar 31, 2016

	Past 24 Hours Weather Data Maximum Temp(oC) 34.8 Departure from Normal(oC) 0 Minimum Temp (oC) 24.8 Departure from Normal(oC) 0 24 Hours Rainfall (mm) NIL Todays Sunset (IST) 18:14 Tommorows Sunrise (IST) 05:57 Moonset (IST) 11:28 Moonrise (IST) ---
Today's Forecast:General cloudy sky.RA/TS likely to occur in parts of city Maximum and minimum temperatures likely to be around 35 and 25 degrees centigrade respectively.
Date Temperature ( o C ) Weather Forecast Minimum Maximum 01-Apr 25.0 35.0 Partly cloudy sky with possibility of rain or Thunderstorm 02-Apr 25.0 36.0 Partly cloudy sky with Thundery development 03-Apr 25.0 36.0 Partly cloudy sky with Thundery development 04-Apr 25.0 36.0 Partly cloudy sky with Thundery development 05-Apr 25.0 36.0 Partly cloudy sky with Thundery development 06-Apr 25.0 36.0 Partly cloudy sky with Thundery development

Kakinada, India

Kakinada, India

Weather History for 43189 - March, 2016

Change the Weather History Date:

Month of March, 2016

	Max	Avg	Min	Sum
Temperature
Max Temperature	37 °C	34 °C	26 °C
Mean Temperature	32 °C	29 °C	26 °C
Min Temperature	26 °C	24 °C	20 °C
Degree Days
Heating Degree Days (base 65)	0	0	0	0
Cooling Degree Days (base 65)	24	20	15	615
Growing Degree Days (base 50)	39	35	30	1077
Dew Point
Dew Point	27 °C	24 °C	18 °C
Precipitation
Precipitation	0.0 mm	0.0 mm	0.0 mm	0.00 mm
Snowdepth	-	-	-	-
Wind
Wind	18 km/h	2 km/h	0 km/h
Gust Wind	-	-	-
Sea Level Pressure
Sea Level Pressure	1017 hPa	1012 hPa	1005 hPa

18001 and 18002?

What Is the Difference Between OHSAS 18001 and 18002?

About Bryan McWhorter

Bryan McWhorter is a safety professional with eight years of experience in driving and teaching safety. Bryan gained his knowledge and experience as the safety officer and Senior Trainer for Philips Lighting. Philips is a strong health and well-being company that promotes a safety first culture.

Q:What is the difference between OHSAS 18001 and 18002?

A:OHSAS 18000 is an international occupational health and safety management system specification.
It consists of two parts: OHSAS 18001 and OHSAS 18002.
OHSAS 18001 is an occupational health and safety assessment series designed to help organizations control occupational safety and health risks. OHSAS 18001 was produced in respond to organizational demand for a recognized standard against which to be certified and assessed. Areas covered by OHSAS 18001 include the identification of hazards, risk assessment and control and emergency preparedness and response.
OHSAS 18002 is an implementation guide for OHSAS 18001. As such, it provides guidelines and requirements to help organizations to attain to implementation and registration in accordance with OHSAS 18001.

Mechanical Factors Causing Accidents

Definition - What does Mechanical Factors Causing Accidents mean?

Mechanical factors causing accidents are factors that are directly attributable to machine or equipment failure or breakdown. Generally, accidents caused by mechanical factors are preventable.

Safeopedia explains Mechanical Factors Causing Accidents

Mechanical factors that cause accidents total less than 10% of the number of industrial accidents. These are caused by a number of factors that are reasonably controllable.
Mechanical failures that have the potential to cause accidents include:

• Power failure - total or partial input/output power failure
• Broken or damaged part - within the engine or machine due to poor quality metal part
• Fire breakout - within the engine or machine due to cooling failure or spark
• Explosion - due to high pressure or uncontrollable situation
• Fuel factor - poor quality or no fuel may lead to stop the engine
• Mechanical mismatch - due to timer or mechanical malfunction
• Linkage failure - shaft, gear, coupling, belt, chain broken or failure
• System leakage - in the pressurized air or fluid system such as hydraulic power
• Fair wear and tear - due to old age
• Control system failure - mechanical, electrical or electronic
• Circuit or program malfunction - due to printed circuit board or electronic component failure

The mechanical failures that would otherwise cause accidents are preventable to some extent by the following actions:

• Planned maintenance - daily, weekly, monthly or operation hour based maintenance
• Repair of defective parts - once detected must be repaired or replaced
• Standard operating procedure to be followed - checks, sequences and other instructions
• Test before use - engines or vehicles must be tested when stationary
• Regular inspections - as per routine and standard operating procedures
• Correct diagnosis and maintenance - as soon a defect is detected

Accident Causation Model

Definition - What does Accident Causation Model mean?

An accident causation model is a systematic method of ascertaining the causes of an accident. An accident is a complex coincidence of activities or phenomena in a single time and space. Therefore, determining the causes leading to an accident can be quite difficult, as there are so many variables to consider.
Accident causation models vary from simplistic linear models to complex non-linear models.

Safeopedia explains Accident Causation Model

Systematic examination of causes of accidents began in the early 20th century. The development started with the simple linear "domino model," explaining the individual’s behavior and circumstances surrounding an accident. It gradually advanced to complex linear models, and further to complex non-linear models considering the time sequences. Varying models contunue to be developed still.
There are three basic types of accident causation models:

• Simple linear models (Heinrich, 1931) - Presumes that an accident is the end result of a series of sequential events playing out like dominos. The sequence begins with the social environmental factor, individual factor, unsafe acts, mechanical and physical hazards, accident, injury, etc.. It is expected that, the elimination of one of the dominos may prevent the accident
• Complex linear models - Presumes that an accident is a combination of a number of unsafe conditions and factors where an individual interacting close to the system is at the risk of an accident. It is expected that an accident could be prevented by setting appropriate controls. Some varieties of this type of model are time sequence models, generic epidemiological models, systemic models, Reason’s "Swiss Cheese" model and models of systems safety
• Complex non-linear models (Hollnagel, 2010) - Expresses that the accidents are caused by mutually interacting variables in real time environments. Accidents could be prevented through understanding these multiple interacting factors. Examples of such models are theoretic accident model and process (STAMP) and functional resonance accident model (FRAM)

This definition was written in the context of Occupational Health and Safety

inShare6

 

Human Factors Causing Accidents

Definition - What does Human Factors Causing Accidents mean?

Human factors causing accidents are those factors directly attributable to the operator, worker or personnel involved in an accident. A number of human behavioral factors may contribute to the accidents.

Safeopedia explains Human Factors Causing Accidents

Human factors are responsible for about 90% of accidents that occur in a workplace. The following human factors are common causes of accidents:

• Memory - Memory lapse may occur at any time
• Judgment and reasoning power - May be reduced due to many factors
• Attention - Failure to remain attentive or lack of attention
• Delayed or false sensation of the sensory organs - Failed senses that could otherwise stimulate a response to avoid the accident
• Competence - Lack of competence and experience
• Skills - Skill level of individuals is important in any accident avoidance
• Personality - Some are compromising while others are hardliner
• Attitude - Negligence, arrogance, boldness and overconfidence etc.
• Risk perception - Poor risk perception due to poor knowledge and experience
• Individual characteristics - Anger, temper, curiosity etc.

Accidents that are caused due to human factors may be prevented or reduced by the following preventative measures:

• Training and awareness
• Supervision, monitoring and controlling
• Feedback and reports
• Frequent inspections and audits
• Skill development
• Education

Environmental factors causing accidents

Definition - What does Environmental factors causing accidents mean?

Environmental factors causing accidents are those factors that directly attributable to the environment of the immediate vicinity of the operator, workplace or the place of accident. Examples of environmental factors are visibility and sight, ambient temperature, relative humidity, sound pollution, air pollution including presence of toxic fumes or vapors, water pollution, poor housekeeping, time of the accident, population density in the vicinity of accident and compulsion of use of personal protective equipment (PPE) that restrict the ability of human sensors etc.

Safeopedia explains Environmental factors causing accidents

Environmental factors that may cause accidents are various. Some common examples include:

• Sight and visibility
• Ambient temperature
• Relative humidity
• Sound pollution
• Air pollution - including presence of toxic fumes or vapors
• Water pollution
• Poor housekeeping
• Population density in work area
• Use of personal protective equipment (PPE) that restricts human senses
• Operator fatigue
• Time of day

How to Understand Air Pollution and be Prepared for High Risk Days

By Rob Chernish , 

Takeaway: Learn why air pollution is a rising workplace risk factor and what you can do to stay aware of the dangers.

Air Pollution is a general term used to describe the quality of air in the atmosphere by measuring the various levels of chemicals, particulates, and biological materials in the air. Some of these chemicals and particulates can be harmful in concentrated doses, and can cause diseases or even death.
There are air quality indexes for countries all around the world, and while many of us pay little attention to this index currently, it may become something that we check almost as often as the temperature. For example, on March 18th, 2014, the Paris government had to shutdown driving in the city to help clean the air. The index was at dangerous levels and those with asthma and other breathing conditions were advised to stay indoors or use a mask if they were going outside.
In April 2014, The National Geographic Magazine notes that there are over 7 million tonnes of carbon released into the atmosphere on an annual basis. Most of the pollutants are from large industrial factories and processing plants, however, automobiles and forest fires greatly contribute to these levels as well.
While France suffers from poisonous air, especially Paris, there are other cities and countries that are even more harmful. For instance, China is by far the most toxic, with over 3.5 million tones of carbon being released from the country alone, and many of the residents of Beijing wear masks on a regular basis.
Many workers in the oil and gas industry, as well as other industries such as mining, logging, trucking, and any industry that deals with machines — should take the element of air pollution into consideration when doing a daily risk assessment. Since the air quality can impact levels of stamina in physically demanding jobs, it is important to consider air quality as a factor when addressing potential risks. Other things to consider are the levels of carbon monoxide at truck stops, city areas that are congested with idling vehicles, and other dangerous trap sites that have little air flow. This is a risk that will become increasingly prevalent in some areas where traffic emissions and other pollutants mingle in the air.
Much is being done to reduce emissions including the use of hybrid vehicles, new fuel cell technologies, and the consideration of all the world nations as they realize that air pollution is a problem that effects everyone. This has translated down to the business level and many industries and businesses are now being subject to emissions regulations, taxes, credits, and other carbon taxes. This may have an impact on how you do your daily job, as you may be forced to reduce emissions, or work in more dangerous atmospheric conditions.
To prepare yourself and ensure that the air is safe, consider the following:

• Is there an air lock?
• Which way is the wind blowing?
• Are there large emission stacks, or other high emissions in the area?
• Are there Scotty Air Packs or Air Masks available?
• Do you have an air tester to test for harmful qualities?
• Is there potential for an inversion where chemicals or pollutants can get trapped?
• What is the air quality index for your area?
• Are there any other factors to consider?
• Does anyone on your crew have asthma?

Once you have made your preliminary assessments, then you can prepare for your outing. It is important to take the time to check the air quality when traveling to a new country, a new worksite, and to always make it a part of your safety check during regular safety meetings now, and in the future.

Local Weather Report and Forecast For: Kakinada Dated :Mar 30, 2016

Local Weather Report and Forecast For: Kakinada    Dated :Mar 30, 2016

	Past 24 Hours Weather Data Maximum Temp(oC) 36.0 Departure from Normal(oC) 1 Minimum Temp (oC) 25.0 Departure from Normal(oC) 0 24 Hours Rainfall (mm) NIL Todays Sunset (IST) 18:14 Tommorows Sunrise (IST) 05:57 Moonset (IST) 10:38 Moonrise (IST) 23:52
Today's Forecast:partly cloudy sky. Maximum and minimum temperatures likely to be around 36 and 25 degrees centigrade respectively.
Date Temperature ( o C ) Weather Forecast Minimum Maximum 31-Mar 25.0 34.0 Partly cloudy sky 01-Apr 25.0 35.0 Partly cloudy sky with Thundery development 02-Apr 25.0 35.0 Partly cloudy sky with Thundery development 03-Apr 26.0 35.0 Partly cloudy sky with Thundery development 04-Apr 25.0 36.0 Partly cloudy sky with Thundery development 05-Apr 25.0 35.0 Partly cloudy sky with Thundery development

‘E-Waste Rules will include CFL and other Mercury containing Lamps’: Javadekar

Ministry of Environment and Forests23-March, 2016 16:32 IST

Environment Ministry Notifies E-Waste Management Rules, 2016

‘E-Waste Rules will include CFL and other Mercury containing Lamps’: Javadekar

            The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change has notified the E-Waste Management Rules, 2016 in supersession of the e-waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 2011.   Announcing the notification of the rules here today, Minister of State (Independent Charge) of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Shri Prakash Javadekar, said that norms have been made more stringent and reflect the government’s commitment to environmental governance.  He pointed out that the E-waste rules will now include Compact Fluorescent Lamp (CFL) and other mercury containing lamps, as well as other such equipment.  The Minister said that for the first time, the Rules will bring the producers under Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR), along with targets.  He added that producers have been made responsible for collection of E-waste and for its exchange.  “The bulk consumers must collect the items and hand them over to authorized recyclers”, Shri Javadekar said.  He emphasized that various producers can have a separate Producer Responsibility Organisation (PRO) and ensure collection of E-waste, as well as its disposal in an environmentally sound manner.  The Minister pointed out that the role of State Governments has been also introduced to ensure safety, health and skill development of the workers involved in dismantling and recycling operations.  He also stated that a provision of penalty for violation of rules has been introduced.

Shri Javadekar said that the process of dismantling and recycling has been simplified through one system of authorization and that the Central Pollution Control Board will give the single authorization throughout the country. Emphasizing that toxic constituents present in E-waste and their disposal mechanism affect human health and lead to various diseases, the Environment Minister said that the transportation of E-waste has been made more stringent.  He added that17 lakh tonnes of E-waste is generated every year, with an annual increase of 5 per cent of generation of E-waste. 

The draft E-Waste (Management) Rules, 2015 had been notified for public consultation vide GSR No. 472 (E) dated 10^th June, 2015 in the Gazette of India, inviting public objections and suggestions. The Ministry received approximately 584 suggestions/objections from various ministries and departments, State Pollution Control Boards and individuals.

Salient Features

What’s New

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HK

(Release ID :138319)

‘New Bio-Medical Waste Management Rules will Change The way Country Used to Manage Waste Earlier; Make a Big Difference to Clean India Mission’: Javadekar

Ministry of Environment and Forests27-March, 2016 18:33 IST

‘New Bio-Medical Waste Management Rules will Change The way Country Used to Manage Waste Earlier; Make a Big Difference to Clean India Mission’: Javadekar

New Bio-Medical Waste Management Rules Notified

"The new bio-medical waste management rules will change the way country used to manage this waste earlier. Under the new regime, the coverage has increased and also provides for pre-treatment of lab waste, blood samples, etc. It mandates bar code system for proper control. It has simplified categorisation and authorisation.Thus, it will make a big difference to clean India Mission",Union Minister of State (IC) Environment, Forest & Climate Change, ShriPrakashJavadekar, said here today, while releasing the new Bio-medical Waste Management Rules, 2016.

ShriPrakashJavadekar releasing the new Bio-Medical Waste Management Rules

The major salient features of BMW Management Rules, 2016 include the following:-

(a)                The ambit of the rules has been expanded to include vaccination camps, blood donation camps, surgical camps or any other healthcare activity;

(b)               Phase-out the use of chlorinated plastic bags, gloves and blood bags within two years;

(c)                Pre-treatment of the laboratory waste, microbiological waste, blood samples and blood bags through disinfection orsterilisation on-site in the manner as prescribed by WHOor NACO;

(d)               Provide training to all its health care workers and immunise all health workers regularly;

(e)                Establish a Bar-Code System for bags or containers containing bio-medical waste for disposal;

(f)                Report  major accidents;

(g)               Existing incinerators to achieve the standards for retention time in secondary chamber and Dioxin and Furans within two years;

(h)               Bio-medical waste has been classified in to 4 categories instead 10 to improve the segregation of waste at source;

(i)                 Procedure to get authorisation simplified. Automatic authorisation for bedded hospitals.  The validity of authorization synchronised with validity of consent orders for Bedded HCFs. One time Authorisation for Non-bedded HCFs;

(j)                 The new rules prescribe more stringent standards for incinerator to reduce the emission of pollutants in environment;

(k)               Inclusion of emissions limits for Dioxin and furans;

(l)                 State Government to provide land for setting up common bio-medical waste treatment and disposal facility;

(m)             No occupier shall establish on-site treatment and disposal facility, if a service of `common bio-medical waste treatment facility is available at a distance of seventy-five kilometer.

(n)               Operator of a common bio-medical waste treatment and disposal facility to ensure the  timely collection of bio-medical waste from the HCFs and assist the HCFs in conduct of training

Bio-medical waste

        i.            Biomedical waste comprises human & animal anatomical waste, treatment apparatus likeneedles, syringes and other materials used in health care facilities in the process of treatment and research.  This waste is generated during diagnosis, treatment or immunisation in hospitals, nursing homes, pathological laboratories, blood bank, etc. Total bio-medical waste generation in the country is 484 TPD from 1,68,869 healthcare facilities (HCF), out of which 447 TPD is treated.

Proper Bio-medical waste management

      ii.            Scientific disposal of Biomedical Waste through segregation, collection and treatment in an environmentally sound manner minimises the adverse impact on health workers and on the environment. The hospitals are required to put in place the mechanisms for effective disposal either directly or through common biomedical waste treatment and disposal facilities.  The hospitals servicing 1000 patients or more per month are required to obtain authorisation and segregate biomedical waste in to 10 categories, pack five colour backs for disposal.  There are 198 common bio-medical waste treatment facilities (CBMWF) are in operation and 28 are under construction. 21,870 HCFs have their own treatment facilities and 1,31,837 HCFs are using the CBMWFs.

Problems of unscientific Bio-medical waste disposal

    iii.            The quantum of waste generated in India is estimated to be 1-2 kg per bed per day in a hospital and 600 gm per day per bed in a clinic. 85% of the hospital waste is non-hazardous, 15% is infectious/hazardous.  Mixing of hazardous results in to contamination and makes the entire waste hazardous. Hence there is necessity to segregate and treat.  Improper disposal increases risk of infection; encourages recycling of prohibited disposables and disposed drugs; and develops resistant microorganisms

Consultation process for new Bio-medical Waste ManagementRules, 2016

    iv.            The draft Bio-medical Waste Rules were published in June, 2015 inviting public objections and suggestions. Stakeholders consultation meets were organized in New Delhi, Mumbai and Kolkata.Consultative meetings with relevant Central Ministries, State Governments, State Pollution Control Boards and major Hospitals were also held. The suggestions / objections (about 50) received were examined by the Working Group in Ministry. Based on the recommendations of the Working Group, the Ministry has published the Bio- medical Waste Management Rules, 2016.

MW Chart

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HK

(Release ID :138353)

‘Rules are an Intiative to Effectively Tackle Pollution and Waste Management’: Javadeka

Ministry of Environment and Forests29-March, 2016 15:40 IST

Environment Ministry Notifies Construction and Demolition Waste Management Rules for the First Time

‘Rules are an Intiative to Effectively Tackle Pollution and Waste Management’: Javadekar

The Government has notified Construction & Demolition Waste Management Rules, 2016 for the first time.  Outlining the salient features of the Construction & Waste Management Rules here today, Union Minister of State (Independent Charge) of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Shri Prakash Javadekar, said that the rules are an initiative to effectively tackle the issues of pollution and waste management.  Shri Javadekar said that at present, the construction & demolition waste generated is about 530 million tonnes annually.  The Minister said that construction & demolition waste is not a waste, but a resource.  He added that the basis of these Rules is to recover, recycle and reuse the waste generated through construction and demolition.  Shri Javadekar said that segregating construction and demolition waste and depositing it to the collection centres for processing will now be the responsibility of every waste generator.

The Environment Minister highlighted that the local bodies will have to utilize 10-20% material from construction and demolition waste in municipal and government contracts.  Shri Javadekar said that cities with a population of more than one million will commission processing and disposal facility within 18 months from the date of final notification of these rules, while cities with a population of 0.5 to 1 million and those with a population of less than 0.5 million will have to provide these facilities within two years and three years respectively.  “Permission for construction will be given only when the complete construction and demolition waste management plan is presented”, he said.  The Minister also pointed out that large generators of waste will have to pay relevant charges for collection, transportation, processing and disposal, as notified by the concerned authorities.

The draft Construction & Waste Management Rules were published three months ago, to which the Ministry had received 111 suggestions.

The salient features of the Construction & Demolition Waste Management Rules, 2016 are:

 (i)        Application

·         Applies to everyone who generates construction and demolition waste.

(ii)        Duties of waste Generators

·         Every waste generator shall segregate construction and demolition waste and deposit at collection centre or handover it to the authorised processing facilities

·         Shall ensure that there is no littering or deposition so as to prevent obstruction to the traffic or the public or drains.

·         Large generators (who generate more than 20 tons or more in one day or 300 tons per project in a month)  shall submit waste management plan and get appropriate approvals from the local authority before starting construction or demolition or remodeling work,

·         Large generators shall  have environment management plan to address the likely environmental issues from construction, demolition, storage, transportation process and disposal / reuse of C & D Waste.

·         Large generators shall segregate the waste into four streams such as  concrete,  soil,  steel, wood and plastics, bricks and mortar,

·         Large generators shall pay relevant charges for collection, transportation, processing and disposal as notified by the concerned authorities;

(iii)       Duties of Service providers and Contractors

·         The service providers shall prepare a comprehensive waste management plan for waste generated within their jurisdiction, within six months from the date of notification of these rules,

·         Shall remove all construction and demolition waste in consultation with the concerned local authority on their own or through any agency.

(iv)       Duties of State Government and Local Authorities

·         The Secretary, UDD in the State Government shall prepare their policy with respect to management of construction and demolition of waste within one year from date of final notification of these rules.

·         The concerned department in the State Government dealing with land shall provide suitable sites for setting up of the storage, processing and recycling facilities for construction and demolition waste with one-and-a-half years from date of final notification of these rules.

·         The Town and Country planning Department shall incorporate the site in the approved land use plan so that there is no disturbance to the processing facility on a long term basis.

·         Shall procure and utilize 10-20% materials made from construction and demolition waste in municipal and Government contracts.

·         Local Authority shall place appropriate containers for collection of waste, removal at regular intervals, transportation to appropriate sites for processing and disposal.

·         LA shall seek detailed plan or undertaking from large generator of  construction and demolition waste and sanction the waste management plan; 

·         Seek assistance from concerned authorities for safe disposal of  construction and demolition waste contaminated with industrial hazardous or toxic material or nuclear waste if any;

·         LA shall give appropriate incentives to generator for salvaging,  processing and  or recycling preferably in-situ;

·         LA shall establish a data base and update once in a year,

·         Million plus cities (based on 2011 census of India), shall commission the processing and disposal facility within one-and-a-half years from date of final notification of these rules

·         0.5 to 1 million cities, shall commission the processing and disposal facility within two years from date of final notification of these rules

·         for other cities (< 0.5 million populations), shall commission the processing and disposal facility within three years from date of final notification of these rules

(v)        Duties of Central Pollution Control Board, State Pollution Control Board or

Pollution Control Committee

·         The Central Pollution Control Board shall prepare operational guidelines related to environmental management of construction and demolition waste.

·         SPCB shall grant authorization to construction and demolition waste processing facility

·         Monitor the implementation of these rules by the concerned local bodies 

·         Submit annual report to the Central Pollution Control Board and the State Government.

(v)        Standards for products of construction and demolition waste

·         The Bureau of Indian Standards need to prepare code of practices and standards for products of construction and demolition waste

·         Indian Roads Congress need to prepare standards and practices pertaining to products of construction and demolition waste in roads construction.

(vi)       Duties of Central Ministries

·         The Ministry of Urban Development, and the Ministry of Rural Development, Ministry of Panchayat Raj, shall facilitate local bodies in compliance of these rules;

·         The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change shall review implementation of these rules as and when required.  

(vii)      Facility for processing / recycling facility

·         The operator of the facility shall obtain authorization from State Pollution Control Board or Pollution Control Committee.

·         The processing / recycling site shall be away from habitation clusters, forest areas, water bodies, monuments, National Parks, Wetlands and places of important cultural, historical or religious interest.

·         The processing/recycling facility exceeding five Tones per day capacity, shall maintain a buffer zone of no development around the facility.

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HK

(Release ID :138389)