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| Today's Forecast:Partly cloudy sky. Mist / Haze likely to occur during morning hours. Maximum and minimum temperatures likely to be around 34 and 21 degrees centigrade respectively. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Sunday, 31 January 2016
Local Weather Report and Forecast For: Kakinada Dated :Jan 31, 2016
What are the specific functions of the Pollution Control Boards?
What are the specific functions of the Pollution Control Boards?
Functions of Central Pollution Control Board :
Functions of Central Pollution Control Board :
- Advise the Central Government on matters relating to pollution;
- Coordinate the activities of the State Boards;
- Provide Technical assistance to the State Boards, carry out and sponsor investigations and research relating to control of pollution;
- Plan and organize training of personnel;
- Collect, compile and publish technical and statistical data, prepare manuals and code of conduct.
- To lay down standards;
- To plan nation wide programme for pollution control.
Functions of State Pollution Control Boards :
- To advise the State Government on matter relating to pollution and on siting of industries
- To plan programme for pollution control;
- To collect and disseminate information;
- To carry our inspection;
- To lay down effluent and emission standards;
- To issue consent to industries and other activities for compliance of prescribed emission and effluent standards,
What are the important Environmental Laws in the country?
The important Environmental laws in the country is given below:
| Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 |
| Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 |
| Cess Act, 1977 |
| Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and Rules thereunder |
| Public Liability Insurance Act, 1981 |
| National Environmental Tribunal Act, 1995 |
| National Environment Appellate Authority Act, 1997 |
How many critically polluted areas have been identified?
The Central Pollution Control Board in consultation with State Pollution Control Boards has identified 24 areas in the country as critically polluted areas. These are: Bhadravati (Karnataka), Chembur (Maharashtra), Digboi (Assam), Govindgarh (Punjab), Greater Cochin (Kerala), Kala-Amb (Himachal Pradesh), Parwanoo (Himachal Pradesh), Korba (Madhya Pradesh), Manali (Tamil Nadu), North Arcot (Tamil Nadu), Pali (Rajasthan), Talcher (Orissa), Vapi (Gujarat), Visakhapatnam (Andhra Pradesh), Dhanbad (Bihar), Durgapur (West Bengal), Howrah (West Bengal), Jodhpur (Rajasthan), Nagda- Ratlam (Madhya Pradesh), Najafgarh Drain (Delhi), Patancheru Bollaram (Andhra Pradesh), Singrauli (Uttar Pradesh), Ankleshwar (Gujarat), Tarapur (Maharashtra)
What are the measures for control of noise pollution?
Ambient standards in respect of noise for different categories of areas (residential, commercial, industrial) and silence zones have been notified under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. Noise limits have been prescribed for automobiles, domestic appliances and construction equipment at the manufacturing stage. Standards have been evolved and notified for the gen sets, fire crackers and coal mines. Regulatory agencies have been directed to enforce the standards for control and regulate noise pollution.
What is the impact of the steps to Ambient Air Quality?
Impacts of the steps taken in Delhi: All regulatory pollutants show a decreasing trend in concentrations in Delhi. CO decreased to 3069 ug/m3 in 2000-2001 from 5450 ug/m3 in 1998. NO2 decreased from 75 ug/m3 in 1996 to 59 ug/m3 in 2000. Lead which is harmful especially for children, decreased remarkably due to phasing out of lead from gasoline. Another critical pollutant RSPM also shows a decreasing trend in Delhi.
What are the 17 Categories of the major polluting industries?
The 17 Categories of the major polluting industries:
- Aluminium Smelter
- Caustic Soda
- Cement
- Copper Smelter
- Distilleries
- Dyes & Dye Intermediates
- Fertiliser
- Integrated Iron & Steel
- Tanneries
- Pesticides
- Petrochemicals
- Drugs & Pharmaceuticals
- Pulp & Paper
- Oil Refineries
- Sugar
- Thermal Power Plants
- Zinc Smelter
Number of Problem areas identified so far and what is their status in respect of the control of pollution from the industries existing in these areas?
24 Problem Areas have been identified for priority action in the country. Out of these 24 areas, the action plans have been implemented in respect of 16 namely, Bhadravati, Chembur, Digboi, Gobindgarh, Greater-Cochin, Kala-Amb, Manali, Nagda-Ratlam, North-Arcot, Pali, Parwanoo, Patancheru-Bollaram, Talcher, Vapi, Vishakhapatnam and Ankleshwar, and are under implementation in the remaining 8, namely Dhanbad, Durgapur, Howrah, Jodhpur, Korba, Najafgarh Drain Basin Delhi, Singrauli, and Tarapur.
There are total of 152 large and medium polluting industries located in these areas, out of which 17 are closed and all the remaining 134 industries have provided the requisite pollution control facilities.
What are sources of water pollution and wastewater generation scenario?
It is estimated that 75% to 80% of water pollution by volume is caused by domestic sewage.
The major industries causing water pollution include:
Distilleries, Sugar, Textile, Electroplating, Pesticides, Pharmaceuticals, Pulp & paper mills, Tanneries, Dyes and dye intermediates, Petro-chemicals, steel plants etc. Non-point sources such as fertilizer and pesticide run-offs in rural areas also cause pollution. Only 60% of chemical fertilizers are utilized in soils and the balance is leached into soil polluting the ground water. Excess phosphate run-off leads to eutrophication in lakes and water bodies.
National Air Quality Monitoring Programme (NAMP) Monitoring Network
AIR QUALITY
National Air Quality Monitoring Programme (NAMP)
Monitoring Network
Frequency and Parameters Monitored
Under N.A.M.P., three air pollutants viz., Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen dioxides (NO2) and Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter (RSPM/PM10)
have been identified for regular monitoring at all the locations. The
monitoring of meteorological parameters such as wind speed and
direction, relative humidity and temperature was also integrated with
the monitoring of air quality.
The monitoring of pollutants is carried out for 24 hours (4-hourly
sampling for gaseous pollutants and 8-hourly sampling for particulate
matter) with a frequency of twice a week, to have 104 observations in a
year.
Number of Monitoring Stations
There
are 612 operating stations in 254 cities/towns in 28 states and 5 Union
Territories of the country. Table given below shows state-wise and
city-wise number of operating monitoring stations.
Monitoring Agencies
The
monitoring is being carried out by Central Pollution Control Board;
State Pollution Control Boards; Pollution Control Committees; National
Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur.
CPCB co-ordinates with the other agencies to ensure the uniformity,
consistency of air quality data and provides technical and financial
support to them for operating the monitoring station. N.A.M.P. is being
operated through various monitoring agencies, large number of personnel
and equipment are involved in the sampling, chemical analyses, data
reporting etc. It increases the probability of variation and personnel
biases reflecting in the data, hence it is pertinent to mention that
these data be treated as indicative rather than absolute.
Operating Stations under National Air Quality Monitoring Programme (NAMP) upto 31.10.2015
| S.no | State/Union Territory | City |
Operating Monitoring Station
|
| 1 | Arunachal Pradesh | Itanagar |
2
|
| 2 | Andhra Pradesh | ||
| Visakhapatnam |
8
|
||
| Kakinada |
1
|
||
| Rajamundry |
1
|
||
| Eluru |
1
|
||
| Vizianagaram |
1
|
||
| Srikakulam |
1
|
||
| Kurnool |
1
|
||
| Tirupati |
1
|
||
| Chitoor |
2
|
||
| Kadapa |
1
|
||
| Anatapur |
1
|
||
| Vijaywada |
3
|
||
| Guntur |
1
|
||
| Nellore |
1
|
||
| 3 | Assam | Bongaigaon |
3
|
| Guwahati |
6
|
||
| Tezpur |
1
|
||
| Sibasagar |
2
|
||
| Dibrugarh |
1
|
||
| Golaghat |
1
|
||
| Silcher |
2
|
||
| Daranga |
1
|
||
| Margheita |
1
|
||
| North Lakhimpur |
1
|
||
| Nagaon |
1
|
||
| Tinsukhia |
2
|
||
| Nalbari |
1
|
||
| 4 | Bihar | Patna |
2
|
| 5 | Chandigarh | Chandigarh |
5
|
| 6 | Chattisgarh | Korba |
3
|
| Bhilai |
3
|
||
| Raipur |
3
|
||
| Bilaspur |
1
|
||
| 7 | Delhi | Delhi |
11
|
| 8 | Dadara & Nagar Haveli | Silvasa |
1
|
| 9 | Daman Diu | Daman |
1
|
| 10 | Goa | Panaji |
1
|
| Vasco |
1
|
||
| Marmagao |
1
|
||
| Codli tisk |
1
|
||
| Honda Junction |
1
|
||
| Bicholim City |
1
|
||
| Amona |
1
|
||
| Assanora Junction |
1
|
||
| Curchorem |
1
|
||
| Usgao-Pale |
1
|
||
| Margao Town |
1
|
||
| Mapusa Town |
1
|
||
| Sanguem |
1
|
||
| ponda |
1
|
||
| Tilamol |
1
|
||
| Kundaim |
1
|
||
| Cuncolim |
1
|
||
| 11 | Gujarat | Ahmedabad |
8
|
| Ankaleshwar |
2
|
||
| Jamnagar |
1
|
||
| Rajkot |
2
|
||
| Surat |
3
|
||
| Vadodara |
5
|
||
| Vapi |
2
|
||
| 12 | Haryana | Faridabad |
2
|
| Hissar |
2
|
||
| Yamuna Nagar |
1
|
||
| 13 | Himachal Pradesh | Damtal |
2
|
| Parwanoo |
2
|
||
| Poanta Sahib |
2
|
||
| Shimla |
2
|
||
| Kala Amb |
2
|
||
| Baddi-Barotiwala |
3
|
||
| Nalagarh |
1
|
||
| Una |
2
|
||
| Sunder Nagar |
2
|
||
| Dharamshala |
2
|
||
| Manali |
2
|
||
| 14 | Jammu and Kashmir | Jammu |
3
|
| 15 | Jharkand | Dhanbad |
3
|
| Jharia |
1
|
||
| Sindri |
1
|
||
| Jamshedpur |
2
|
||
| Ranchi |
1
|
||
| Saraikela-Kharsawan |
1
|
||
| West Singhbhum |
1
|
||
| 16 | Karnataka | Bangalore |
9
|
| Dharwar, Hubli |
2
|
||
| Mangalore |
1
|
||
| Hassan |
1
|
||
| Mysore |
2
|
||
| Gulbarga |
1
|
||
| Belgaum |
1
|
||
| Devanagere |
3
|
||
| Mandya |
1
|
||
| Raichur |
1
|
||
| Bijapur |
1
|
||
| Chitradurga |
1
|
||
| Shimaga |
1
|
||
| Karwar |
1
|
||
| Bagalkote |
1
|
||
| Kolar |
1
|
||
| Tumkar |
1
|
||
| Bidar |
1
|
||
| 17 | Kerala | Kozhikode |
2
|
| Kottayam |
2
|
||
| Cochin |
7
|
||
| Thiruvanantapuram |
4
|
||
| Palakkad |
1
|
||
| Alappuzha |
2
|
||
| Pathanamthitta |
1
|
||
| Kollam |
2
|
||
| Sulthan, Bathery, Wayanad |
1
|
||
| Kakkanchery, Mallappuram |
1
|
||
| Thrissur |
1
|
||
| 18 | Madhya Pradesh | Bhopal |
6
|
| Indore |
3
|
||
| Jabalpur |
2
|
||
| Nagda |
3
|
||
| Gwalior |
2
|
||
| Sagar |
2
|
||
| Satna |
2
|
||
| Singrauli |
3
|
||
| Ujjain |
4
|
||
| Prithampur |
2
|
||
| Chindwara |
2
|
||
| Amlai |
2
|
||
| Dewas |
3
|
||
| 19 | Maharashtra | Aurangabad |
4
|
| Lote |
2
|
||
| Tarapur |
3
|
||
| Kolhapur |
3
|
||
| Mumbai |
3
|
||
| Ambernath |
2
|
||
| Chandrapur |
6
|
||
| Nagpur |
7
|
||
| Nasik |
4
|
||
| Solapur |
2
|
||
| Pune |
4
|
||
| Thane |
3
|
||
| Navi Mumbai |
6
|
||
| Mahad |
3
|
||
| Roha |
2
|
||
| Sangli |
3
|
||
| Amravati |
3
|
||
| Latur |
3
|
||
| Ulhas Nagar |
2
|
||
| Badlapur |
1
|
||
| Nanded |
3
|
||
| Jalgaon |
3
|
||
| Jalna |
2
|
||
| Akola |
3
|
||
| 20 | Meghalaya | Shillong |
2
|
| Dwaki |
1
|
||
| Ri-Bhoi, Brynihat |
2
|
||
| Tura |
1
|
||
| Nongstoin |
1
|
||
| Khlihriat |
1
|
||
| 21 | Mizoram | Aizwal |
5
|
| Lunglei |
2
|
||
| Kolasib |
2
|
||
| Champhai |
2
|
||
| 22 | Manipur | Imphal |
1
|
| 23 | Nagaland | Dimapur |
2
|
| Kohima |
2
|
||
| 24 | Orissa | Rayagada |
2
|
| Rourkela |
4
|
||
| Talcher |
2
|
||
| Angul |
2
|
||
| Bhubaneshwar |
6
|
||
| Cuttack |
3
|
||
| Sambalpur |
1
|
||
| Balasore |
3
|
||
| Kalinga Nagar |
3
|
||
| Berhampur |
1
|
||
| Puri |
2
|
||
| Konark |
1
|
||
| Jarsuguda |
1
|
||
| Paradeep |
3
|
||
| 25 | Punjab | Gobindgarh |
3
|
| Jalandhar |
4
|
||
| Ludhiana |
4
|
||
| Naya Nangal |
2
|
||
| Khanna |
2
|
||
| Pathankot(Dera baba) |
1
|
||
| Amritsar |
3
|
||
| Derra Bassi |
2
|
||
| Bhatinda |
1
|
||
| Batala |
1
|
||
| Patiala |
2
|
||
| Sangrur |
1
|
||
| Faridkot |
1
|
||
| Hoshiarpur |
1
|
||
| 26 | Puddycherry | Pondicherry |
3
|
| Karaikal |
3
|
||
| 27 | Rajasthan | Alwar |
3
|
| Jaipur |
6
|
||
| Jodhpur |
6
|
||
| Kota |
3
|
||
| Udaipur |
3
|
||
| 28 | Sikkim | Gangtok |
2
|
| 29 | Tamilnadu | Chennai |
11
|
| Tuticorin |
3
|
||
| Coimbatore |
3
|
||
| Madurai |
3
|
||
| Salem |
1
|
||
| Trichy |
5
|
||
| Cuddalore |
3
|
||
| Mettur |
2
|
||
| 30 | Tripura | Agartala |
1
|
| 31 | Telangana | Hyderabad |
10
|
| Ramagundum |
1
|
||
| Patencheru |
1
|
||
| Nalgonda |
2
|
||
| Khammam |
2
|
||
| Warangal |
2
|
||
| Ongole |
1
|
||
| Karimnagar |
1
|
||
| Sangareddy |
3
|
||
| Nizamabad |
1
|
||
| Kothur |
1
|
||
| Manchiriala, Adilabad |
1
|
||
| 32 | Uttar Pradesh | Agra |
6
|
| Allahabad |
5
|
||
| Anpara |
2
|
||
| Firozabad |
3
|
||
| Gajroula |
2
|
||
| Ghaziabad |
2
|
||
| Kanpur |
9
|
||
| Lucknow |
8
|
||
| Noida |
2
|
||
| Varanasi |
5
|
||
| Jhansi |
2
|
||
| Khurja |
2
|
||
| Meerut |
2
|
||
| Bareily |
2
|
||
| Moradabad |
2
|
||
| Mathura |
2
|
||
| Saharanpur |
2
|
||
| Unnao |
2
|
||
| Gorakhpur |
3
|
||
| Rai Bareli |
3
|
||
| 33 | Uttaranchal | Dehradun |
3
|
| Haridwar |
1
|
||
| Rishikesh |
1
|
||
| Haldwani |
1
|
||
| Rudrapur |
1
|
||
| Kashipur |
1
|
||
| 34 | West Bengal | Kolkata |
10
|
| Durgapur |
4
|
||
| Haldia |
5
|
||
| Howrah |
4
|
||
| Asansol |
3
|
||
| Barrckpore |
3
|
||
| Ranigunj |
3
|
||
| South Suburban |
3
|
||
| Sankrail |
4
|
||
| Total | 254 |
612
|
|
| Cities |
254
|
||
| Operating Stations |
612
|
||
| States |
29
|
||
| UTs |
5
|
AIR QUALITY National Air Quality Monitoring Programme (NAMP)
AIR QUALITY
National Air Quality Monitoring Programme (NAMP)
MANDATE
Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1981
Government of India enacted the Air (Prevention and Control of
Pollution) Act 1981 to arrest the deterioration in the air quality. The
act prescribes various functions for the Central Pollution Control Board
(CPCB) at the apex level and State Pollution Control Boards at the
state level.
The main functions of the Central Pollution Control Board are as follows:
The main functions of the Central Pollution Control Board are as follows:
-
To advise the Central Government on any matter concerning the
improvement of the quality of the air and the prevention, control and
abatement of air pollution.
- To plan and cause to be executed a nation-wide programme for the prevention, control and abatement of air pollution.
- To provide technical assistance and guidance to the State Pollution Control Board.
- To carry out and sponsor investigations and research related to prevention, control and abatement of air pollution.
- To collect, compile and publish technical and statistical data related to air pollution; and
- To lay down and annual standards for the quality of air.
The main functions of the State Pollution Control Boards are as follows:
- To plan a comprehensive programme for prevention, control and abatement of air pollution and to secure the execution thereof;
- To advise the State Government on any matter concerning prevention, control and abatement of air pollution.
- To collect and disseminate information related to air pollution.
-
To collaborate with Central Pollution Control Board in programme
related to prevention, control and abatement of air pollution; and
-
To inspect air pollution control areas, assess quality of air and to
take steps for prevention, control and abatement of air pollution in
such areas.
Sunday, January 31, 2016-kakinada
| Actual | Average | Record | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Temperature | |||
| Mean Temperature | 28 °C | - | |
| Max Temperature | 33 °C | - | - () |
| Min Temperature | 21 °C | - | - () |
| Cooling Degree Days | 16 | ||
| Growing Degree Days | 31 (Base 50) | ||
| Moisture | |||
| Dew Point | 22 °C | ||
| Average Humidity | 69 | ||
| Maximum Humidity | 92 | ||
| Minimum Humidity | 42 | ||
| Precipitation | |||
| Precipitation | 0.0 mm | - | - () |
| Sea Level Pressure | |||
| Sea Level Pressure | 1013.67 hPa | ||
| Wind | |||
| Wind Speed | 2 km/h () | ||
| Max Wind Speed | 6 km/h | ||
| Max Gust Speed | - | ||
| Visibility | 7.0 kilometers | ||
| Events | |||
| T = Trace of Precipitation, MM = Missing Value | Source: Averaged Metar Reports |
Daily Weather History Graph
Hourly Weather History & Observations
| Time (IST) | Temp. | Dew Point | Humidity | Pressure | Visibility | Wind Dir | Wind Speed | Gust Speed | Precip | Events | Conditions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2:30 AM | 23 °C | 21 °C | 89% | 1014 hPa | 4 km | Calm | Calm | - | - | Haze | |
| 5:30 AM | 22 °C | 21 °C | 92% | 1013 hPa | 4 km | Calm | Calm | - | - | Haze | |
| 8:30 AM | 24 °C | 22 °C | 89% | 1016 hPa | 4 km | Calm | Calm | - | - | Haze | |
| 11:30 AM | 32 °C | 23 °C | 49% | 1015 hPa | 10 km | SW | 5.6 km/h / | - | - | Clear | |
| 2:30 PM | 34 °C | 22 °C | 42% | 1012 hPa | 10 km | South | 5.6 km/h / | - | - | Scattered Clouds | |
| 5:30 PM | 31 °C | 22 °C | 51% | 1012 hPa | 10 km | SSW | 5.6 km/h / | - | - | Clear |
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