Tuesday 31 July 2012

OBJECTIVES OF STATE OF ENVIRONMENT REPORT IN INDIA


Aim at producing a major Environmental Information and policy document for each state
Act as a ready reference material to review the reasons for success and failures on various fronts
Also, as a useful tool for the policy makers to decide the strategy for the future
General: Administrative, Geographic and  Demographic (Macro & Micro level analysis Dist, Teh., Blocks, Panchayats, etc.)
Socio-economic:
Economic growth and its components including agriculture, industry and services; Contribution of these sectors to National and state GDP; Exports and Imports; Fisheries (production-Inland, Marine)
Industrialization, Urbanization and related Problems
Social Indicators (Housing and Slums, Health Services, Employment)
Growth in employment (formal, informal, child labour), poverty issues (no. of people)
Availability of infrastructure- Various Modes of Transport (Rails, Road, Air, Water);  Vehicle population   
Contribution and the status of the agricultural sector
Area under Agriculture and non-agriculture uses, Barren and uncultivable land, Permanent pasture/grazing land , Fallow Land, Net Irrigated land, Net Sown area
Production of Cereals and other Crops in various seasons (Total production and  share of various produces)
Agrochemicals and Fertilisers: Production and Consumption of Fertilizers (N, P, K);  Production and Consumption of Pesticides, Insecticides, Fungicides, etc.
Category of Livestock Population: Cattle, Buffaloes, Sheep, Goats, Horses, Pigs, Camels etc.
Contribution and Employment in this Sector
Classification on Economic Scale (Large, Medium, Small)
Classification based on pollution potential  (Red, Orange and Green industries)
Mining  & Quarrying -  Production of various ores and metals
Polluted Industrial Areas due to Air,  Water Pollution and Solid Waste Pollution.
Future Industrial projects to be setup  and their impact
Mines to be leased and impact
Contribution of Tourism in Economic Growth
Cultural  and Heritage Sites
Religious and Historical Sites
Archaeological monuments/sites
Scenic areas (Beaches and Mountains)
Tourists’ Traffic (Domestic and  International Tourist)
Tourism Facilities (Hotels, Hill resorts/ Stations Beach resorts, Health resorts)
Concept of  Sustainable tourism
Energy Sources: Thermal Power,  Firewood, Animal Power, Kerosene, Coal, LPG, Natural  Gas, Petroleum (in units and )
Production and Consumption: Installed Capacity and Generation for Hydal, Thermal, Gas etc.; State Electricity Power Grid
Consumption of Energy: Total, Sector wise and Per Capita
Transmission and T& D Losses; Electricity Pricing
Use of Energy for various activity: Cooking, Lighting, Water supply, irrigation pumps, Heating, Cooling, Recreation, Storage.
Non-Conventional Energy Sources: Wind, Solar, Biogas (Absolute and Relative Contribution)      
Govt. Steps:  NPIC(Improved Chulha),  Solar Cookers, NPBD (Biogas)
Major New Energy Projects and their Possible Impacts

Ecosystems, Seismic Zones, Physiological Features
Forest Types, National Parks
Biogeography Zone, Wild life Sanctuaries, Bird Sanctuaries, Tiger Reserves, Biosphere’s Reserves, Protected Mangroves area, Wetlands
Rivers, River Basin, Catchment area in ,
Lakes, Reservoirs, Dams,
Botanical Gardens and Zoological Parks: Nos., Names and Area
Sewerage -No.of Towns Covered And Not Covered,
Total No. of Pipelines Laid, Total No. of Treatment Plants.
Grossly Polluted Area: Total and District-wise Polluted Areas (sq.km.) in terms of Air, Water and Solid Waste
Land Use Patterns :  Agriculture, Commercial, Industrial, Residential
Utilisation of Land  for Various Purposes: Government , Public and Semi Public, Recreational, Special areas/Restricted area , Transportation , Utility, Forests, Water Bodies,  Wastelands etc.
Agriculture use : Gross cropped area, Cropping, intensity, Net irrigated area, Gross irrigated area etc.
Non- agriculture use :  Barren and uncultured land , permanent pastures and other grazing land, Miscellaneous tree crops and groves ,
Land Degradation : Degraded land area ,  Degraded Irrigated land , Area affected by shifting cultivation , Deforestation rate, Total salt affected land ,  Salinisation rate , Area affected by desertification 
Waste land: Total area and percentage of  various types of wetlands, Gullied, Ravinous, Water Logged & Marshy Land, Saline, Alkaline
Various types of Soils and Area under them: Red Loam,  Black Soil, Sandy, Coastal Alluvium, Red Sandy Soil, Soil Erosion

Distribution of Forest Cover: Total and Per capita forest cover, Area (total and %) of Dense forest ,  Open forest , Mangroves, Scrubs, Non-Forest land, Reserved Forest, Protected Forest etc.
Forest Produce: Timber & Non-Timber; Timber - Poles, Fuel wood, Pulp & Match Wood, Non–Timber- Beedi leaves, Gums & Resins, Cane/Rattan & Bamboo, Fodder, Drgus/ Tannins, Spices, Lac.
Mining in Forests: Bauxite, Chromite, Copper, Iron and Manganese.
Afforestation and Divergence of forest land: Forest area diverted Compensatory Afforestation stipulated, Compensatory Afforestation to be done ; Afforestation on Forest Land - Target and Achieved ,
Forest Fuel Consumption: Population Dependent on Forests, Fuel Consumption (Total, Household,  Per Capita) in rural & Urban Areas
Biodiversity: Plant and Animal species- Types, Endemic, Endangered and Extinct Species; Protected Areas-  Scientific reserves and strict nature Reserves, National parks.
Sources of Surface Water: Statistics of Various Water Bodies – Rivers, Canals, Lakes & Ponds, Fresh and Brackish Water etc.
Water Supply Situation: from various sources and areas Sources of Drinking Water, W/S Coverage, Rainwater Harvesting
Water Charges: Tariff structure for Household Connections, Water Cess for Industrial Units  spared, Amount collected & utilised
Ground Water: Total Replenisable Ground Water, Aquifer Yield Potential System, Feasibility of Wells,
Water Quality:  Physical, Chemical and biological characteristics of water, Polluted River Stretches,
Sources and Effects of Water Pollution: Domestic,  Industrials, Agriculture, water borne diseases
 Waste Water Generation, Collection, Treatment and disposal.
 Marine Pollution: Settlement and Land Use y along the Coastline, Sources of Marine Pollution

State of Monitoring Air Quality: District/ Region Wise Inventory
Ambient Air Quality Status:  in terms of major air pollutants (SO2, NO2, SPM, Pb and CO), Sensitive Locations.

Sources of Ambient Air Pollution: Industrial, Vehicular, Domestic
Indoor Air Pollution: Status, sources and effects
Effects of Air Pollution: Health an non-health effects
 Abatement Measures: Steps by Govt., Industries, NGOs
Noise Pollution: Status of monitoring, sources and effects, abatement measures
                                     
Status of Solid Waste Management:  Amount and % of of Different Types of wastes generated from various sources
Municipal Waste Generated and Collected: MSW’s  Composition Amount and %
Hazardous Waste: Industries Generating Waste, Waste Category Quantity (TPA), Waste process Quantity (TPA), Waste Type (TPA), Imported Waste quantity(TPA), Onsite  Disposal Facility, No of Industries generating Hazardous waste.
Bio-medical Waste: Human anatomical wastes, blood and bodyfluids, Animal and slaughter house wastes, Microbiological & bio technological wastes, Waste sharps, Discarded medicines, Soiled wastes, Disposable, Liquid wastes, Incineration ash, Chemical wastes.  

         
         
Frequency of Occurrence of Disaster: Type of Disaster (Cyclone, Drought,  Floods, Earthquake, Landslide etc., Damage Due to Disasters,  Areas and Population affected
Drought and Flood prone Areas:  District/ region wise profile and extent of damage to crops, cattle, population etc.
Natural and man-made  Disasters: No. of Accidents, No. of deaths
Contingency Planning for Disaster Management
Miscellaneous Issues: Environmental Education, Some Relevant International Issues, Efficacy of Environmental Regulations
Policy Recommendations: This is a new chapter suggested which will focus on all sub-sectors of environment like air water

Health Effects of Air Pollution India work


Health Effects of Air Pollution India work
KEM Hospital Report 
Ministry of Environment and Forest sponsored project of "Environmental Epidemiological Study in the Identified Critically Polluted Areas of the Country" to Dept. of Chest Medicine and Environmental Pollution Research Centre, KEM Hospital, Mumbai.
Data : Project Report, Air Pollution Data, Data Category, Questionnaire Survey Feedback Data, Data Computation Charts, Distribution Tables, Data Analysis,  
Presentations 
Urban Air Quality and Chest Diseases Linkages -Dr. Amita Athavale
Air Pollution and Respiratory Health Effects- Dr. Rohini Chowgule
An Epidemiological Study on Effects of Air Pollutants on Respiratory Morbidity Among Adults - Dr. Manoj Kumar
Mumbai Air Pollution Study - Dr. S.R.Kamat
Air Pollution and Health Study Papers - KEM Hospital 
A Cross Sectional Comparative Study Between 3 Urban Communities (Inclusive of Slums) with Different Air Pollution Levels and a Rural Community for Health Morbidity and Lung Functions
Behaviour on Follow-up in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Contribution of Food, Water and Air Pollution to the Health Status in Central Bombay
Fluctuations of Daily Air Pollution Levels and Respiratory Symptoms by Health Diary in 4 Communities from the Prospective Health Survey, Bombay
Health Study of Nitric Acid Plant Workers
Prospective 3 Year Study of Health Morbidity in Relation to Air Pollution in Bombay, India-Methodology and Early Results upto 2 Years
Relation of Nutrition and Health Morbidity in Air Pollution- Health Survey : A Study of Diet and Food Habits
Relationship of Carboxyhaemoglobin and Iscemic Heart Disease : Preliminary Study and Correlation Between Carboxyhaemoglobin Levels and Health Morbidity in Normal Community Residing at a Busy Road Junction
Seasonal Factors in Health Morbidity in the Health Survey Subjects
Studies in Radio aerosol Lung Scanning in Urban Health Survey Subjects
Study of Histamine Hypersensitivity in Subjects with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Third Year Analysis on Regularly Followed Sample of Bombay Air Pollution Study Population and Correlation with Other Factors
Trends in Causes of Death in 4 Zones of Bombay Over 1971-79
General and Administrative Data
General Summary and Recommendations
Impact of Air Quality of Human Health in Mumbai City - Epidemiological Assessment and Use for Decision Making - Dr. P.Ravi Shankar and Dr. A.A.Mahasur

CPCB -Parivesh (Newsletter)
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) In Air And Their Effects On Human Health -November 2003
Air Pollution And Human Health-September 2001
Benzene in Air and its Effect on Human Health -  February 2002
Climate Change - October 2002
Health Effects of Air Pollution -Reference Documents  

Health Effect of Air Pollution 
Valuation of Health Benefits Associated with Reduction in Air Pollution 
Current Status of Lead in India
Indoor Air Pollution in India a Major Environmental and Public Health Concern
Epidemiological studies of the Respiratory Effects of Air Pollution
Health Risk Assessment for Air Pollution Management in India : A Case Study of Delhi City
Right to Clean Air Campaign
Human Health Damages due to Indoor Sources of Organic Compounds and Radioactivity in Life Cycle Impact Assessment of Dwellings
Part I and  Part II
Brief Write-up on the Vehicular Pollution Monitoring Project- IESST
A Multi-Site Time Series Study of Hospital Admissions and Fine Particles
Health Effects of Particulate Matter and Ozone Air Pollution
New evidence of air pollution effects on Human Health and the Environment
Assessing Potential Health Impacts of Ozone and PM2.5 Under a Changing Climate 
Health Aspects of Air Pollution with Particulate Matter, Ozone and Nitrogen Dioxide
.0  Dat

Air Pollution Presentations

Health Risk Assessment - Dr.J.S.Pandey 
Air Quality Management In India - Gaps and Limitations - Dr. Sengupta
Addressing the Childhood Asthma Epidemic in Mega Cities- Dr. Ameesha Mehta Sampath
Automobile Industries' Views for Control of Emissions from Mobile Sources - SIAM
Benefit Mapping for Health and Air : Mumbai Initiative -Dr. Rakesh Kumar
Managing Urban Air Quality Policy Issues - Dr.D.B.Boralkar
Central Pollution Control Board -Dr.B.Sengupta
Challenges to Improving Fuel Quality in India - Dr. Anumita Roychowdhury
International and National Trends in Ambient Air Quality & Health Linkages - Dr.Neema 

Exposure Assessment as a Tool to Understand Health Risks - Dr.Rashmi Spatial
Externalities in Economics Evaluation (Social Cost Benefit Analysis) of Transport
Indicators of Sustainable Development -Air Quality -Dr. Sumit Sharma
Institutional Requirements for Air Quality Managmement - Dr.Dilip Biswas
Integrated Approach for Pollution Control -Dr.K.K.Gandhi
Inventorization and Source Apportionment of Particulate Matter Air Pollution in Mumbai, India- Dr.Rakesh Kumar
Looking Ahead : What Should be Done Differently -Dr. Chandra Venkataraman

Managing Urban Air Quality - Questions for Policy Appraisal - The World Bank
Managing Urban Air Quality -Essential Requirements 
Managing Urban Air Quality -Achieving Effective Results
Methods and Analyses of Air Pollution Local and Global Impacts -Dr.Luis
Air Quality Management in Mumbai -Dr. V.K.Phatak 
Mumabi Action Plan -Dr. V.S.Tondwalkar
Role of Civil Society in Urban Air Quality Management - Dr. Zarapkar
MPCB -Strategies for Control of Air Pollution in Mumbai -Dr. Nandusekar
Papa Programme -Health Sub-workshop Better Air Quality Conference -BAQ 2003
Particulate Matter Reduction Action Plan for Greater Mumbai Region -Dr.CVC Rao
Policy Measures Adopted in Metro Cities -New Delhi - Dr.Anumita Roychowdhury

Pricing and Infrastructure Costing for Supply and Distribution of ULSD & CNG in the Transport Sector in Mumbai - TERI Study
Partnership for Sustainable Urban Transport in Asia - Dr. S.Bonala
Source Apportionment in Indian Cities Methodologies and Findings of Recent Studies - Dr. Rakesh Kumar
Retrofitment Pilot Project for Mumbai's Air Quality Improvement -Dr.Rakesh Kumar
Role of EPCA in Guiding Action Plan and Beyond - Dr. Anumita Roychowdary
Vehicular Emission Norms Way Ahead -Dr.S.A.Dutta
Ten Years of Urban Air Quality Management in India : Findings of a Recent Study Across Five Cities - Dr. Sameer Akbar
Application of GIS in Air Pollution Modelling =Dr. Niraj Sharma
Action Plan for Control of Air Pollution in Mumbai -Transport Sector -Mr. Shinde
Quantifying the Health Effects of Air Pollutants in Asian Cities - Dr. Speizer
Source Apportionment of VOCs in Mumbai City -Dr. Srivastava
Strategic Needs for Integrated Air Quality Management in India- Dr.S.A.Dutta
Sustainable Transport Strategies -Dr.N.V.Iyer
Air Quality Management in Indian Cities -Dr. R.N.Singh
Air Pollution Control in India Status and Needs - CPCB
Urban Air Quality Management in India : Progress and Future Challenges - K.Balakrishnan
Vehicular Pollution in Hyderabad -Dr. Ramani
Measuring the Health Effects of Cleaning the Air : A Case Study on the Health Benefits of Reducing Lead in Petrol in Bangkok -BAQ 2003
Action Plan -Air Quality Management -Delhi - Dr. Chandra Prakash
Action Plan for Controlling Air Pollution in Chennai City - TNPCB
Action Plan for Control of Air Pollution in Pune City - Dr. Boralkar 
Basic and Methodology for  Action Plan Development in Ahmedabad -
Action Plan for Improving Air Quality of Kolkata, Current Status of Implementation - Dr.T.K.Gupta
Pricing and Infrastructure Costing for Supply and Distribution of ULSD & CNG in the Transport Sector in Mumbai -TERI Study