Preparation of Standard Solutions

Preparation of Standard Solutions

Acetaldehyde Standard Solution (100 ppm C2H4O): Dissolve 1.0 g of acetaldehyde in sufficient 2-propanol to produce 100ml and dilute 5.0ml of the solution to 500.0 ml with 2-propanol.Alumlnium Standard Solution (2 ppm Al): Dilute 2 volumes of a 0.176 per cent w/v solution of alumlnium potassium sulphate in 0.1 M sulphuric acid to 100 volumes with water.Alumlnium Standard Solution (10 ppmAl): Dilute 1 volume of a 1.39 per cent w/v solution of alumlnium nitrate to 100 volumes with water.Ammonium Standard Solution (1ppm NH4):Dilute 10.0ml of a 0.0741 % w/v solution of ammonium chloride to 25.0 ml with ammonia-free water. Dilute 1 volume of the resulting solution to 100 volumes with ammonia-free water immediately before use.Arsenic Standard Solution (1 ppm As): Dilute J volume of arsenic standard solution (10 ppm As) to 10 volumes with water.Arsenic Standard Solution (10 ppm As): Dissolve 0.33 g of arsenic trioxide in 5 ml of 2M sodium hydroxide and dilute to 250.0 ml with water. Dilute 1 volume of this solution to 100 volumes with water.Barium Standard Solution (10 ppm Ba): Dilute 1.0 ml of a 0.178 per cent w/v solution of barium chloride to 100.0 ml with water.Cadmlum Standard Solution (10 ppm Cd): Dilute 2.0 ml of a 0.228 per cent w/v solution of cadmlum sulphate to 200.0 ml with water.Calcium Standard Solution (10 ppm Ca): Dissolve 0.624 g of dried calcium carbonate in distilled water containing 3 ml of 5 M acetic acid and dilute to 250.0 ml with distilled water. Dilute 1 volume of this solution to 100 volumes with distilled water.Calcium Standard Solution (100 ppm Ca), Ethanolic: Dissolve 2.50 g of dried calcium carbonate in 12 ml of 5 M acetic acid and dilute to 1000.0 ml with distilled water. Dilute 1 volume of this solution to 10 volumes with ethanol (95 per cent).Chloride Standard Solution (5 ppm Cl): Dilute 1volume of a 0.0824 per cent w/v solution of sodium chloride to 100 volumes with water.Chloride Standard Solution (25 ppm CI): Dilute 5 volumes of a 0.0824 per cent w/v solution ofsodium chloride to 100 volumes with water.Copper Standard Solution: Dissolve 1.965 g of cupric sulphate, accurately weighed, in sufficient 0.1 M hydrochloric acid to produce 1000.0 ml. Transfer 3.0 ml to a 1000 ml volumetric flask and dilute to volume with 0.1M hdyrochloric acid.Copper Standard Solution (10 ppm Cu): Dilute 1volume of a 0.393 per cent w/v solution of cupric sulphate to 100 volumes with water.Digitoxin Standard Solution; Digitoxin Reagent: Dissolve 0.125 g of digitoxin RS in sufficient glacial acetic acid to produce 100.0 ml. Dilute 4.0 ml of this solution to 100.0 ml with glacial acetic acid. To 25.0 ml of the resulting solution add 3.0 ml of water and mlx well.Digoxin Standard Solution: Dissolve 0.125 g of digoxin RS in sufficient glacial acetic acid to produce 100.0 ml. Dilute 4.0 ml of this solution to 100.0 ml with glacial acetic acid. To 25.0 ml of the resulting solution add 3.0 ml of water and mlx well.Formaldehyde Standard Solution (5 ppm CH2O): Dilute 1 volume of a solution containing 3.0 g offormaldehyde solution in 1000.0 ml to 200 volumes with water.Iron Standard Solution (2 ppm Fe): Dilute 1volume of iron standard solution (20 ppm Fe) to 10 volumes with water.Iron Standard Solution (8 ppm Fe): Dilute 4 volumes of iron standard solution (20 ppm Fe) to 100 volumes with water .Iron Standard Solution (10 ppm Fe): Dissolve 7.022 g offerrous ammonium sulphate in watercontaining 25 ml of 1M sulphuric acid and add sufficient water to produce 1000.0 ml. Dilute 1 volume to 100 volumes with water.Contains iron in ferrous state.Iron Standard Solution (20 ppm Fe): Dilute 1 volume of a 0.1726 per cent w/v solution of ferric ammonium sulphate in 0.05 M sulphuric acid to 10 volumes with water. Contains iron in ferric state.Lead Standard Solution: On the day of use, dilute 10 ml of lead nitrate stock solution with water to 100 ml. 1 ml of lead standard solution contains the equivalent of 10 !lg of lead. A control comparison solution prepared with 2.0 ml of lead standard solution contains, when compared to a solution representing 1.0 g of the substance under examlnation, the equivalent of 20 ppm of lead.Lead Standard Solution (1 ppm Pb): Dilute 1volume of lead standard solution (10 ppm Pb) to 10 volumes with water.Lead Standard Solution (2 ppm Pb): Dilute I volume of lead standard solution (10 ppm Pb) to 5 volumes with water.Lead Standard Solution (10 ppm Pb): Dilute I volume of lead standard solution (100 ppm Pb) to 10 volumes with water.Lead Standard Solution (20 ppm Pb): Dilute 1 volume oflead standard solution (100 ppm Pb) to 5 volumes with water.Lead Standard Solution (100 ppm Pb): Dilute 1 volume of lead standard solution (0.1 per cent Pb) to 10 volumes with water.Lead Standard Solution (0.1 per cent Pb): Dissolve 0.4 g of lead nitrate in water containing 2 ml of nitric acid and add sufficient water to produce 250.0 ml.Nickel Standard Solution (10 ppm Ni): Dilute I volume of a 0.478 per cent w/v solution of nickel sulphate to 100 volumes with water.Nitrate Standard Solution (2 ppm N03): Dilute 1volume of nitrate standard solution (100 ppm NOJ) to 50 volumes with water.Nitrate Standard Solution (100 ppm N03): Dilute 1volume of a 0.163 per cent w/v solution of potassium nitrate to 10 volumes with water.Phosphate Standard Solution (5 ppm P04): Dilute 1volume of a 0.143 per cent w/v solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate to 200 volumes with water.Silver Standard Solution (5 ppm Ag): Dilute 1volume of a 0.079 per cent w/v solution of silver nitrate to 100 volumes with water.Sulphate Standard Solution (10 ppm S04): Dilute I volume of a 0.181 per cent w/v solution of potassium sulphate in distilled water to 100 volumes with the same solvent..Sulphate Standard Solution (10 ppm S04), Ethanolic: Dilute 1 volume of a 0.181 per cent w/v solution of potassium sulphate in ethanol (30 per cent) to 100 volumes with ethanol (30 per cent).Tin Standard Solution (5 ppm Sn): Dissolve 0.5 g of tin in a mlxture of 5 ml of water and 25 ml of hydrochloric acid and add sufficient water to produce 1000.0 ml. Dilute 1 volume of this solution to 100 volumes with a 2.5 per cent v/v solution of hydrochloric acid.Zinc Standard Solution (10 ppm Zn): Dilute 1volume of zinc standard solution (100 ppm Zn) to 10 volumes with water.Zinc Standard Solution (25 ppm Zn): Dilute 25 volumes of zinc standard solution (100 ppm Zn) to 100 volumes with water.Zinc Standard Solution (100 ppm Zn): Dissolve 0.440 g of zinc sulphate in water containing 1 ml of 5M acetic acid and add sufficient water to produce 100.0 ml.Dilute 1 volume of this solution to 10 volumes with water immediately before use.