Sunday 31 January 2016

Local Weather Report and Forecast For: Kakinada Dated :Jan 31, 2016


Local Weather Report and Forecast For: Kakinada    Dated :Jan 31, 2016
Kakinada
Past 24 Hours Weather Data
Maximum Temp(oC) 33.7
Departure from Normal(oC) 4
Minimum Temp (oC) 21.2
Departure from Normal(oC) 0
24 Hours Rainfall (mm) NIL
Todays Sunset (IST) 17:56
Tommorows Sunrise (IST) 06:33
Moonset (IST) 11:10
Moonrise (IST) 23:57
Today's Forecast:Partly cloudy sky. Mist / Haze likely to occur during morning hours. Maximum and minimum temperatures likely to be around 34 and 21 degrees centigrade respectively.
Date Temperature ( o C ) Weather Forecast
Minimum Maximum
01-Feb 21.0 34.0 Mist
02-Feb 21.0 33.0 Mist
03-Feb 21.0 33.0 Mist
04-Feb 21.0 31.0 Mist
05-Feb 21.0 31.0 Mist
06-Feb 21.0 30.0 Mist










What are the specific functions of the Pollution Control Boards?

What are the specific functions of the Pollution Control Boards?
Functions of Central Pollution Control Board :
  • Advise the Central Government on matters relating to pollution;
  • Coordinate the activities of the State Boards;
  • Provide Technical assistance to the State Boards, carry out and sponsor investigations and research relating to control of pollution;
  • Plan and organize training of personnel;
  • Collect, compile and publish technical and statistical data, prepare manuals and code of conduct.
  • To lay down standards;
  • To plan nation wide programme for pollution control.
Functions of State Pollution Control Boards :
  • To advise the State Government on matter relating to pollution and on siting of industries
  • To plan programme for pollution control;
  • To collect and disseminate information;
  • To carry our inspection;
  • To lay down effluent and emission standards;
  • To issue consent to industries and other activities for compliance of prescribed emission and effluent standards,

What are the important Environmental Laws in the country?
The important Environmental laws in the country is given below:
Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974
Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981
Cess Act, 1977
Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and Rules thereunder
Public Liability Insurance Act, 1981
National Environmental Tribunal Act, 1995
National Environment Appellate Authority Act, 1997

How many critically polluted areas have been identified?
The Central Pollution Control Board in consultation with State Pollution Control Boards has identified 24 areas in the country as critically polluted areas. These are: Bhadravati (Karnataka), Chembur (Maharashtra), Digboi (Assam), Govindgarh (Punjab), Greater Cochin (Kerala), Kala-Amb (Himachal Pradesh), Parwanoo (Himachal Pradesh), Korba (Madhya Pradesh), Manali (Tamil Nadu), North Arcot (Tamil Nadu), Pali (Rajasthan), Talcher (Orissa), Vapi (Gujarat), Visakhapatnam (Andhra Pradesh), Dhanbad (Bihar), Durgapur (West Bengal), Howrah (West Bengal), Jodhpur (Rajasthan), Nagda- Ratlam (Madhya Pradesh), Najafgarh Drain (Delhi), Patancheru Bollaram (Andhra Pradesh), Singrauli (Uttar Pradesh), Ankleshwar (Gujarat), Tarapur (Maharashtra)

What are the measures for control of noise pollution?
Ambient standards in respect of noise for different categories of areas (residential, commercial, industrial) and silence zones have been notified under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. Noise limits have been prescribed for automobiles, domestic appliances and construction equipment at the manufacturing stage. Standards have been evolved and notified for the gen sets, fire crackers and coal mines. Regulatory agencies have been directed to enforce the standards for control and regulate noise pollution.

What is the impact of the steps to Ambient Air Quality?
Impacts of the steps taken in Delhi: All regulatory pollutants show a decreasing trend in concentrations in Delhi. CO decreased to 3069 ug/m3 in 2000-2001 from 5450 ug/m3 in 1998. NO2 decreased from 75 ug/m3 in 1996 to 59 ug/m3 in 2000. Lead which is harmful especially for children, decreased remarkably due to phasing out of lead from gasoline. Another critical pollutant RSPM also shows a decreasing trend in Delhi.

What are the 17 Categories of the major polluting industries?
The 17 Categories of the major polluting industries:
  • Aluminium Smelter
  • Caustic Soda
  • Cement
  • Copper Smelter
  • Distilleries
  • Dyes & Dye Intermediates
  • Fertiliser
  • Integrated Iron & Steel
  • Tanneries
  • Pesticides
  • Petrochemicals
  • Drugs & Pharmaceuticals
  • Pulp & Paper
  • Oil Refineries
  • Sugar
  • Thermal Power Plants
  • Zinc Smelter

Number of Problem areas identified so far and what is their status in respect of the control of pollution from the industries existing in these areas?
24 Problem Areas have been identified for priority action in the country. Out of these 24 areas, the action plans have been implemented in respect of 16 namely, Bhadravati, Chembur, Digboi, Gobindgarh, Greater-Cochin, Kala-Amb, Manali, Nagda-Ratlam, North-Arcot, Pali, Parwanoo, Patancheru-Bollaram, Talcher, Vapi, Vishakhapatnam and Ankleshwar, and are under implementation in the remaining 8, namely Dhanbad, Durgapur, Howrah, Jodhpur, Korba, Najafgarh Drain Basin Delhi, Singrauli, and Tarapur.
There are total of 152 large and medium polluting industries located in these areas, out of which 17 are closed and all the remaining 134 industries have provided the requisite pollution control facilities.

What are sources of water pollution and wastewater generation scenario?
It is estimated that 75% to 80% of water pollution by volume is caused by domestic sewage.
The major industries causing water pollution include:
Distilleries, Sugar, Textile, Electroplating, Pesticides, Pharmaceuticals, Pulp & paper mills, Tanneries, Dyes and dye intermediates, Petro-chemicals, steel plants etc. Non-point sources such as fertilizer and pesticide run-offs in rural areas also cause pollution. Only 60% of chemical fertilizers are utilized in soils and the balance is leached into soil polluting the ground water. Excess phosphate run-off leads to eutrophication in lakes and water bodies.

Trends in Annual Average Concentration of SO2, NO2 and PM10 in 46 million plus cities: ANDHRA PRADESH

Trends in Annual Average Concentration of SO2, NO2 and PM10 in 46 million plus cities:

ANDHRA PRADESH

HYDERABAD


VIJAYWADA


VISHAKHAPATNAM

National Air Quality Monitoring Programme (NAMP) Monitoring Network

AIR QUALITY

National Air Quality Monitoring Programme (NAMP)

Monitoring Network

Frequency and Parameters Monitored
Under N.A.M.P., three air pollutants viz., Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen dioxides (NO2) and Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter (RSPM/PM10) have been identified for regular monitoring at all the locations. The monitoring of meteorological parameters such as wind speed and direction, relative humidity and temperature was also integrated with the monitoring of air quality. The monitoring of pollutants is carried out for 24 hours (4-hourly sampling for gaseous pollutants and 8-hourly sampling for particulate matter) with a frequency of twice a week, to have 104 observations in a year.

Number of Monitoring Stations
There are 612 operating stations in 254 cities/towns in 28 states and 5 Union Territories of the country. Table given below shows state-wise and city-wise number of operating monitoring stations.

Monitoring Agencies
The monitoring is being carried out by Central Pollution Control Board; State Pollution Control Boards; Pollution Control Committees; National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur. CPCB co-ordinates with the other agencies to ensure the uniformity, consistency of air quality data and provides technical and financial support to them for operating the monitoring station. N.A.M.P. is being operated through various monitoring agencies, large number of personnel and equipment are involved in the sampling, chemical analyses, data reporting etc. It increases the probability of variation and personnel biases reflecting in the data, hence it is pertinent to mention that these data be treated as indicative rather than absolute.
Operating Stations under National Air Quality Monitoring Programme (NAMP) upto 31.10.2015

S.no State/Union Territory City
Operating Monitoring Station
1 Arunachal Pradesh Itanagar
2
2 Andhra Pradesh
Visakhapatnam
8
Kakinada
1
Rajamundry
1
Eluru
1
Vizianagaram
1
Srikakulam
1
Kurnool
1
Tirupati
1
Chitoor
2
Kadapa
1
Anatapur
1
Vijaywada
3
Guntur
1
Nellore
1
3 Assam Bongaigaon
3
Guwahati
6
Tezpur
1
Sibasagar
2
Dibrugarh
1
Golaghat
1
Silcher
2
Daranga
1
Margheita
1
North Lakhimpur
1
Nagaon
1
Tinsukhia
2
Nalbari
1
4 Bihar Patna
2
5 Chandigarh Chandigarh
5
6 Chattisgarh Korba
3
Bhilai
3
Raipur
3
Bilaspur
1
7 Delhi Delhi
11
8 Dadara & Nagar Haveli Silvasa
1
9 Daman Diu Daman
1
10 Goa Panaji
1
Vasco
1
Marmagao
1
Codli tisk
1
Honda Junction
1
Bicholim City
1
Amona
1
Assanora Junction
1
Curchorem
1
Usgao-Pale
1
Margao Town
1
Mapusa Town
1
Sanguem
1
ponda
1
Tilamol
1
Kundaim
1
Cuncolim
1
11 Gujarat Ahmedabad
8
Ankaleshwar
2
Jamnagar
1
Rajkot
2
Surat
3
Vadodara
5
Vapi
2
12 Haryana Faridabad
2
Hissar
2
Yamuna Nagar
1
13 Himachal Pradesh Damtal
2
Parwanoo
2
Poanta Sahib
2
Shimla
2
Kala Amb
2
Baddi-Barotiwala
3
Nalagarh
1
Una
2
Sunder Nagar
2
Dharamshala
2
Manali
2
14 Jammu and Kashmir Jammu
3
15 Jharkand Dhanbad
3
Jharia
1
Sindri
1
Jamshedpur
2
Ranchi
1
Saraikela-Kharsawan
1
West Singhbhum
1
16 Karnataka Bangalore
9
Dharwar, Hubli
2
Mangalore
1
Hassan
1
Mysore
2
Gulbarga
1
Belgaum
1
Devanagere
3
Mandya
1
Raichur
1
Bijapur
1
Chitradurga
1
Shimaga
1
Karwar
1
Bagalkote 
1
Kolar 
1
Tumkar
1
Bidar
1
17 Kerala Kozhikode
2
Kottayam
2
Cochin
7
Thiruvanantapuram
4
Palakkad
1
Alappuzha
2
Pathanamthitta
1
Kollam
2
Sulthan, Bathery, Wayanad
1
Kakkanchery, Mallappuram
1
Thrissur
1
18 Madhya Pradesh Bhopal
6
Indore
3
Jabalpur
2
Nagda
3
Gwalior
2
Sagar
2
Satna
2
Singrauli
3
Ujjain
4
Prithampur
2
Chindwara
2
Amlai
2
Dewas
3
19 Maharashtra Aurangabad
4
Lote
2
Tarapur
3
Kolhapur
3
Mumbai
3
Ambernath
2
Chandrapur
6
Nagpur
7
Nasik
4
Solapur
2
Pune
4
Thane
3
Navi Mumbai
6
Mahad
3
Roha
2
Sangli
3
Amravati
3
Latur
3
Ulhas Nagar
2
Badlapur
1
Nanded
3
Jalgaon
3
Jalna
2
Akola
3
20 Meghalaya Shillong
2
Dwaki
1
Ri-Bhoi, Brynihat
2
Tura
1
Nongstoin
1
Khlihriat
1
21 Mizoram Aizwal
5
Lunglei
2
Kolasib
2
Champhai
2
22 Manipur Imphal
1
23 Nagaland Dimapur
2
Kohima
2
24 Orissa Rayagada
2
Rourkela
4
Talcher
2
Angul
2
Bhubaneshwar
6
Cuttack
3
Sambalpur
1
Balasore
3
Kalinga Nagar
3
Berhampur
1
Puri
2
Konark
1
Jarsuguda
1
Paradeep
3
25 Punjab Gobindgarh
3
Jalandhar
4
Ludhiana
4
Naya Nangal
2
Khanna
2
Pathankot(Dera baba)
1
Amritsar
3
Derra Bassi
2
Bhatinda
1
Batala
1
Patiala
2
Sangrur
1
Faridkot
1
Hoshiarpur
1
26 Puddycherry Pondicherry
3
Karaikal
3
27 Rajasthan Alwar
3
Jaipur
6
Jodhpur
6
Kota
3
Udaipur
3
28 Sikkim Gangtok
2
29 Tamilnadu Chennai
11
Tuticorin
3
Coimbatore
3
Madurai
3
Salem
1
Trichy
5
Cuddalore
3
Mettur
2
30 Tripura Agartala
1
31 Telangana Hyderabad
10
Ramagundum
1
Patencheru
1
Nalgonda
2
Khammam
2
Warangal
2
Ongole
1
Karimnagar
1
Sangareddy
3
Nizamabad
1
Kothur
1
Manchiriala, Adilabad
1
32 Uttar Pradesh Agra
6
Allahabad
5
Anpara
2
Firozabad
3
Gajroula
2
Ghaziabad
2
Kanpur
9
Lucknow
8
Noida
2
Varanasi
5
Jhansi
2
Khurja
2
Meerut
2
Bareily
2
Moradabad
2
Mathura
2
Saharanpur
2
Unnao
2
Gorakhpur
3
Rai Bareli
3
33 Uttaranchal Dehradun
3
Haridwar
1
Rishikesh
1
Haldwani
1
Rudrapur
1
Kashipur
1
34 West Bengal Kolkata
10
Durgapur
4
Haldia
5
Howrah
4
Asansol
3
Barrckpore
3
Ranigunj
3
South Suburban
3
Sankrail
4

Total 254
612



 


Cities
254


Operating Stations
612


States
29


UTs
5

AIR QUALITY National Air Quality Monitoring Programme (NAMP)

AIR QUALITY

National Air Quality Monitoring Programme (NAMP)

MANDATE
Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1981 Government of India enacted the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1981 to arrest the deterioration in the air quality. The act prescribes various functions for the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) at the apex level and State Pollution Control Boards at the state level.
The main functions of the Central Pollution Control Board are as follows:
- To advise the Central Government on any matter concerning the improvement of the quality of the air and the prevention, control and abatement of air pollution.
- To plan and cause to be executed a nation-wide programme for the prevention, control and abatement of air pollution.
- To provide technical assistance and guidance to the State Pollution Control Board.
- To carry out and sponsor investigations and research related to prevention, control and abatement of air pollution.
- To collect, compile and publish technical and statistical data related to air pollution; and
- To lay down and annual standards for the quality of air.

The main functions of the State Pollution Control Boards are as follows:
- To plan a comprehensive programme for prevention, control and abatement of air pollution and to secure the execution thereof;
- To advise the State Government on any matter concerning prevention, control and abatement of air pollution.
- To collect and disseminate information related to air pollution.
- To collaborate with Central Pollution Control Board in programme related to prevention, control and abatement of air pollution; and
- To inspect air pollution control areas, assess quality of air and to take steps for prevention, control and abatement of air pollution in such areas.

January 2016 kakinada Monthly metrological parameter








Sunday, January 31, 2016-kakinada


Actual Average Record
Temperature  
Mean Temperature 28 °C -  
Max Temperature 33 °C - - ()
Min Temperature 21 °C - - ()
Cooling Degree Days 16    
Growing Degree Days 31 (Base 50)    
Moisture  
Dew Point 22 °C    
Average Humidity 69    
Maximum Humidity 92    
Minimum Humidity 42    
Precipitation  
Precipitation 0.0 mm - - ()
Sea Level Pressure  
Sea Level Pressure 1013.67 hPa    
Wind  
Wind Speed 2 km/h ()    
Max Wind Speed 6 km/h    
Max Gust Speed -    
Visibility 7.0 kilometers    
Events      
T = Trace of Precipitation, MM = Missing Value Source: Averaged Metar Reports

Daily Weather History Graph

Daily Weather History Graph



























Hourly Weather History & Observations

Time (IST) Temp. Dew Point Humidity Pressure Visibility Wind Dir Wind Speed Gust Speed Precip Events Conditions
2:30 AM 23 °C 21 °C 89% 1014 hPa 4 km Calm Calm - -   Haze
5:30 AM 22 °C 21 °C 92% 1013 hPa 4 km Calm Calm - -   Haze
8:30 AM 24 °C 22 °C 89% 1016 hPa 4 km Calm Calm - -   Haze
11:30 AM 32 °C 23 °C 49% 1015 hPa 10 km SW 5.6 km/h /   - -   Clear
2:30 PM 34 °C 22 °C 42% 1012 hPa 10 km South 5.6 km/h /   - -   Scattered Clouds
5:30 PM 31 °C 22 °C 51% 1012 hPa 10 km SSW 5.6 km/h /   - -   Clear