Tuesday, 31 July 2012

OBJECTIVES OF STATE OF ENVIRONMENT REPORT IN INDIA


Aim at producing a major Environmental Information and policy document for each state
Act as a ready reference material to review the reasons for success and failures on various fronts
Also, as a useful tool for the policy makers to decide the strategy for the future
General: Administrative, Geographic and  Demographic (Macro & Micro level analysis Dist, Teh., Blocks, Panchayats, etc.)
Socio-economic:
Economic growth and its components including agriculture, industry and services; Contribution of these sectors to National and state GDP; Exports and Imports; Fisheries (production-Inland, Marine)
Industrialization, Urbanization and related Problems
Social Indicators (Housing and Slums, Health Services, Employment)
Growth in employment (formal, informal, child labour), poverty issues (no. of people)
Availability of infrastructure- Various Modes of Transport (Rails, Road, Air, Water);  Vehicle population   
Contribution and the status of the agricultural sector
Area under Agriculture and non-agriculture uses, Barren and uncultivable land, Permanent pasture/grazing land , Fallow Land, Net Irrigated land, Net Sown area
Production of Cereals and other Crops in various seasons (Total production and  share of various produces)
Agrochemicals and Fertilisers: Production and Consumption of Fertilizers (N, P, K);  Production and Consumption of Pesticides, Insecticides, Fungicides, etc.
Category of Livestock Population: Cattle, Buffaloes, Sheep, Goats, Horses, Pigs, Camels etc.
Contribution and Employment in this Sector
Classification on Economic Scale (Large, Medium, Small)
Classification based on pollution potential  (Red, Orange and Green industries)
Mining  & Quarrying -  Production of various ores and metals
Polluted Industrial Areas due to Air,  Water Pollution and Solid Waste Pollution.
Future Industrial projects to be setup  and their impact
Mines to be leased and impact
Contribution of Tourism in Economic Growth
Cultural  and Heritage Sites
Religious and Historical Sites
Archaeological monuments/sites
Scenic areas (Beaches and Mountains)
Tourists’ Traffic (Domestic and  International Tourist)
Tourism Facilities (Hotels, Hill resorts/ Stations Beach resorts, Health resorts)
Concept of  Sustainable tourism
Energy Sources: Thermal Power,  Firewood, Animal Power, Kerosene, Coal, LPG, Natural  Gas, Petroleum (in units and )
Production and Consumption: Installed Capacity and Generation for Hydal, Thermal, Gas etc.; State Electricity Power Grid
Consumption of Energy: Total, Sector wise and Per Capita
Transmission and T& D Losses; Electricity Pricing
Use of Energy for various activity: Cooking, Lighting, Water supply, irrigation pumps, Heating, Cooling, Recreation, Storage.
Non-Conventional Energy Sources: Wind, Solar, Biogas (Absolute and Relative Contribution)      
Govt. Steps:  NPIC(Improved Chulha),  Solar Cookers, NPBD (Biogas)
Major New Energy Projects and their Possible Impacts

Ecosystems, Seismic Zones, Physiological Features
Forest Types, National Parks
Biogeography Zone, Wild life Sanctuaries, Bird Sanctuaries, Tiger Reserves, Biosphere’s Reserves, Protected Mangroves area, Wetlands
Rivers, River Basin, Catchment area in ,
Lakes, Reservoirs, Dams,
Botanical Gardens and Zoological Parks: Nos., Names and Area
Sewerage -No.of Towns Covered And Not Covered,
Total No. of Pipelines Laid, Total No. of Treatment Plants.
Grossly Polluted Area: Total and District-wise Polluted Areas (sq.km.) in terms of Air, Water and Solid Waste
Land Use Patterns :  Agriculture, Commercial, Industrial, Residential
Utilisation of Land  for Various Purposes: Government , Public and Semi Public, Recreational, Special areas/Restricted area , Transportation , Utility, Forests, Water Bodies,  Wastelands etc.
Agriculture use : Gross cropped area, Cropping, intensity, Net irrigated area, Gross irrigated area etc.
Non- agriculture use :  Barren and uncultured land , permanent pastures and other grazing land, Miscellaneous tree crops and groves ,
Land Degradation : Degraded land area ,  Degraded Irrigated land , Area affected by shifting cultivation , Deforestation rate, Total salt affected land ,  Salinisation rate , Area affected by desertification 
Waste land: Total area and percentage of  various types of wetlands, Gullied, Ravinous, Water Logged & Marshy Land, Saline, Alkaline
Various types of Soils and Area under them: Red Loam,  Black Soil, Sandy, Coastal Alluvium, Red Sandy Soil, Soil Erosion

Distribution of Forest Cover: Total and Per capita forest cover, Area (total and %) of Dense forest ,  Open forest , Mangroves, Scrubs, Non-Forest land, Reserved Forest, Protected Forest etc.
Forest Produce: Timber & Non-Timber; Timber - Poles, Fuel wood, Pulp & Match Wood, Non–Timber- Beedi leaves, Gums & Resins, Cane/Rattan & Bamboo, Fodder, Drgus/ Tannins, Spices, Lac.
Mining in Forests: Bauxite, Chromite, Copper, Iron and Manganese.
Afforestation and Divergence of forest land: Forest area diverted Compensatory Afforestation stipulated, Compensatory Afforestation to be done ; Afforestation on Forest Land - Target and Achieved ,
Forest Fuel Consumption: Population Dependent on Forests, Fuel Consumption (Total, Household,  Per Capita) in rural & Urban Areas
Biodiversity: Plant and Animal species- Types, Endemic, Endangered and Extinct Species; Protected Areas-  Scientific reserves and strict nature Reserves, National parks.
Sources of Surface Water: Statistics of Various Water Bodies – Rivers, Canals, Lakes & Ponds, Fresh and Brackish Water etc.
Water Supply Situation: from various sources and areas Sources of Drinking Water, W/S Coverage, Rainwater Harvesting
Water Charges: Tariff structure for Household Connections, Water Cess for Industrial Units  spared, Amount collected & utilised
Ground Water: Total Replenisable Ground Water, Aquifer Yield Potential System, Feasibility of Wells,
Water Quality:  Physical, Chemical and biological characteristics of water, Polluted River Stretches,
Sources and Effects of Water Pollution: Domestic,  Industrials, Agriculture, water borne diseases
 Waste Water Generation, Collection, Treatment and disposal.
 Marine Pollution: Settlement and Land Use y along the Coastline, Sources of Marine Pollution

State of Monitoring Air Quality: District/ Region Wise Inventory
Ambient Air Quality Status:  in terms of major air pollutants (SO2, NO2, SPM, Pb and CO), Sensitive Locations.

Sources of Ambient Air Pollution: Industrial, Vehicular, Domestic
Indoor Air Pollution: Status, sources and effects
Effects of Air Pollution: Health an non-health effects
 Abatement Measures: Steps by Govt., Industries, NGOs
Noise Pollution: Status of monitoring, sources and effects, abatement measures
                                     
Status of Solid Waste Management:  Amount and % of of Different Types of wastes generated from various sources
Municipal Waste Generated and Collected: MSW’s  Composition Amount and %
Hazardous Waste: Industries Generating Waste, Waste Category Quantity (TPA), Waste process Quantity (TPA), Waste Type (TPA), Imported Waste quantity(TPA), Onsite  Disposal Facility, No of Industries generating Hazardous waste.
Bio-medical Waste: Human anatomical wastes, blood and bodyfluids, Animal and slaughter house wastes, Microbiological & bio technological wastes, Waste sharps, Discarded medicines, Soiled wastes, Disposable, Liquid wastes, Incineration ash, Chemical wastes.  

         
         
Frequency of Occurrence of Disaster: Type of Disaster (Cyclone, Drought,  Floods, Earthquake, Landslide etc., Damage Due to Disasters,  Areas and Population affected
Drought and Flood prone Areas:  District/ region wise profile and extent of damage to crops, cattle, population etc.
Natural and man-made  Disasters: No. of Accidents, No. of deaths
Contingency Planning for Disaster Management
Miscellaneous Issues: Environmental Education, Some Relevant International Issues, Efficacy of Environmental Regulations
Policy Recommendations: This is a new chapter suggested which will focus on all sub-sectors of environment like air water

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