Monday 10 September 2018

NEPHLOMETRY and TURBIDIMETRY

WONDERFUL DISCUSSION WITH SHRI JKP SIR,

NEPHELOMETRY ANDTURBIDIMETRY
INTRODUCTION• When electromagnetic radiation (light) strikes a particle in solution, some of the light will be absorbed ...

THEORY Scattered light may be measured by• Turbidimetry• Nephelometry• In turbidimetry, the intensity of light transmitte...




• Turbidometric measurements are made at 180o from the incident light beam.• In Nephelometry, the intensity of the scatte...


• The two techniques differs only in the manner of measuring the scattered radiation.



• Turbidity can be measured on most routine analysers by a spectrophotometer (absorbed light) • Reduced sensitivi...

• Light scattering is the physical phenomenon resulting from the interaction of light with a particles in solution. Dep...

Tyndall Effect• Scattering of light- by particles in a colloid or suspension.• the longer-wavelength light is more transm...


Light Scattering Phenomenon• The blue color of the sky and the red color of the sun at sunset result from scattering of l...

• NEPHELOMETRY• ↓ concentration, uniform scattering, intensity of scatted light proportional to conc. measured at 900 ...
Turbidimetry ↨ Colorimetry• Measurement of the intensity of light transmitted ...
COLORIMETER TURBIDIMETERSimilarity: Similarity: transmitted light measured trans...

FLOURIMETRY NEPHELOMETRYSimilarity: Similarity: Emergent radiation ...


CHOICE OF THE METHOD• depends upon the amount of light scattered by suspended particles present in solution.• TURBIDIMETR...

INSTRUMENTATION• The basic instrument contains• Light Source:Tungsten lamp, White light - nephelometers• Filters - Turbid...

• CELLS• cylindrical cells - flat faces to minimize reflections & multiple scatterings

FACTORS AFFECTING MEASUREMENTS• The amount of radiation removed or deviated from the primary radiation beam depends on th...





• Nephelometry:• Is = Ks Io C• Is = scattered intensity• Ks= empirical constant• Io = Incident intensity• c = co...
2. Effect of Particle Size on Scattering• Size and the shape of the particles responsible for the scattering.• Because m...
• Turbidimetry-Practical Considerations• Selecting λ: Important. It is necessary to avoid radiation that is absorbed by t...

APPLICATIONS1. Analysis of water clarity, conc. of ions2. Determination of CO23. Determination of inorganic substances ...


6. Miscellaneous Water treatment plants, sewage work, refineries, paper industry7. Atmospheric pollution smokes & fo...












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