Padma Vibhushan

Padma Vibhushan
Type	Civilian
Category	National
Instituted	1954
First awarded	1954
Last awarded	2015
Total awarded	303
Awarded by	Government of India
Previous name(s)	Pahela Varg
Ribbon
First awardee(s)	Satyendra Nath Bose, Nand Lal Bose, Zakir Hussain, Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher, Jigme Dorji Wangchuk, V. K. Krishna Menon
Last awardee(s)	K. G. Subramanyan, Mario Miranda, Bhupen Hazarika, Kantilal Hastimal Sancheti, T. V. Rajeswar
Award rank ← Ashoka Chakra Award[1] Padma Bhushan[1] →

The Padma Vibhushan is the second highest civilian award in the Republic of India. It consists of a medal and a citation and is awarded by the President of India. It was established on 2 January 1954. It ranks behind the Bharat Ratna and comes before the Padma Bhushan and Padma Shri. It is awarded to recognize exceptional and distinguished service to the nation in any field, including government service. The first recipients of this award were Satyendra Nath Bose, Nand Lal Bose, Zakir Hussain, Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher, Jigme Dorji Wangchuk, and V. K. Krishna Menon in the year 1954.

Contents

• 1 History
• 2 Medallion details
  • 2.1 First medallion (1954–1955)
  • 2.2 Second medallion (1955–1957)
  • 2.3 Current medallion (1957–current)
• 3 Famous refusals
• 4 List of awardees
• 5 References
• 6 External links

History

The award was established by Presidential decree on 2 January 1954. The Padma Vibhushan was originally established as the Pahela Varg (First Class) of a three-class "Padma Vibhushan" awards. However the structure was changed in 1955 and there is no record of the award being presented to recipients in the original structure. The award was suspended between 1977 and 1980 and between 1992 and 1998.
As of 2015, only 303 people have thus far been awarded this honour.^[2][3][4]
As of 2015, there are 105 living recipients. The oldest living recipient as of 2015 is S. I. Padmavati (age 97-98); the youngest living recipient is Sachin Tendulkar (age 41).

Medallion details

First medallion (1954–1955)

The initial medal was a circular gold medal, 1-3/8 inches in diameter, with an embossed lotus flower in the center and the legend "Padma Vibhushan" above and a floral wreath below. The obverse side had the Indian state emblem with the legend Desh Seva (National Service) above and a lotus wreath below. No record exists to show whether this design was used to present a medal to the awardees.

Second medallion (1955–1957)

In 1955, the badge design was altered to be a "mainly circular" 1-3/16-inch toned bronze badge with geometrical patterns. The center had a lotus flower with four major petals embossed in white gold. Above and below this flower, the name of the decoration Padma Vibhushan was embossed in silver-gilt.

Current medallion (1957–current)

In 1957, the badge design was retained but the material changed from toned bronze to burnished bronze.

Famous refusals

Although the Padma awards, including the Padma Vibhushan are the highest civilian awards in India and those selected for the award are famous for their contribution to Indian social, cultural, economic, political or other speheres of life, several noted public figures have refused the award on various grounds. In The eminent jurist and former Chief Justice of India J. S. Verma was awarded the Padma Bhushan posthumously in 2014. His family refused to accept the award as they believed Justice Verma in principle "was never a man to yearn or lobby for any acclaim, reward or favour.".^[5]"^[6]
Several artists including musicians and writers including S Janaki, Ustad Vilayat Khan, Romila Thapar, Sitara Devi and Phanishwarnath Renu have also refused various Padma awards due to various reasons, including personal pride and what has been described as 'national interest'.^[7]

List of awardees

Year	Recipient	Image	Birth/death	Field	Country
1954	Satyendra Nath Bose		1894–1974	Science & Engineering	India
1954	Zakir Hussain	–	1897–1969	Public Affairs
1954	Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher	–	1888–1957	Public Affairs
1954	Jigme Dorji Wangchuk	–	1929–1972	Public Affairs	Bhutan*
1954	Nand Lal Bose		1882–1966	Arts	India
1954	V. K. Krishna Menon	–	1896–1974	Public Affairs
1955	Dhondo Keshav Karve	–	1858–1962	Literature & Education
1955	J. R. D. Tata	–	1904–1993	Trade & Industry
1956	Chandulal Madhavlal Trivedi	–	1893–1981	Public Affairs
1956	Fazal Ali	–	1886–1959	Public Affairs
1956	Jankibai Bajaj	–	1893–1979	Social Work
1957	Ghanshyam Das Birla	–	1894–1983	Trade & Industry
1957	Motilal Chimanlal Setalvad	–	1884–1974	Law and Public affairs
1957	Shriprakash	–	1890–1971	Public Affairs
1959	John Matthai	–	1886–1959	Literature & Education
1959	Radhabinod Pal		1886–1967	Public Affairs
1959	Gaganvihari Lallubhai Mehta	–	1900–1974	Social Work
1960	Naryana Raghvan Pillai	–	1898–1992	Public Affairs
1962	H. Varda Raja Iyengar	–	1902-1978	Civil Service
1962	Padmaja Naidu	–	1900–1975	Public Affairs
1962	Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit	–	1900–1990	Civil Service
1963	A. Lakshmanaswami Mudaliar	–	1887–1974	Medicine
1963	Suniti Kumar Chatterji	–	1890–1977	Literature & Education
1963	Hari Vinayak Pataskar	–	1892–1970	Public Affairs
1964	Gopinath Kaviraj	–	1887–1976	Literature & Education
1964	Acharya Kalelkar	–	1885–1981	Literature & Education
1965	Arjan Singh	–	1919	Military Service
1965	Joyanto Nath Chaudhuri	–	1908–1983	Military Service
1965	Mehdi Nawaz Jung	–	1894–1967	Public Affairs
1966	Valerian Gracias	–	1900–1978	Social Work
1967	Bhola Nath Jha	–		Civil Service
1967	Chandra Kisan Daphtary	–	1893–1983	Public Affairs
1967	Hafix Mohammed Ibrahim	–		Civil Service
1967	Pattadakal Venkanna R Rao	–		Civil Service
1968	Madhav Shrihari Aney	–	1880–1968	Public Affairs
1968	Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar	–	1910–1995	Science & Engineering	United States*
1968	Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis	–	1893–1972	Statistical Science	India
1968	K. Vaidyanatha Kalyana Sundaram		1904–1992	Public Affairs
1968	Kripal Singh	–		Civil Service
1969	Hargobind Khorana	–	1922–2011	Science & Engineering	United States*
1969	Mohan Sinha Mehta	–	1895-1986	Civil Service	India
1969	Dattatraya Shridhar Joshi	–		Civil Service
1969	Ghananand Pande	–	1902-1995	Civil Service
1969	Rajeshwar Dayal	–		Civil Service
1970	Binay Ranjan Sen	–	1898–1993	Civil Service
1970	Tara Chand	–		Literature & Education
1970	Paramasiva Prabhakar Kumaramangalam	–	1913–2000	Civil Service
1970	Suranjan Das	–	1920–1970	Civil Service
1970	Harbaksh Singh	–	1913–1999	Military Service
1971	A. Rameswami Mudaliar	–	1887–1976	Civil Service
1970	Anthony Lancelot Dias	–	1910–2002	Public Affairs
1971	Vithal Nagesh Shirodkar	–	1899–1971	Medicine
1971	Balaram Sivaraman	–		Civil Service
1971	Bimala Prasad Chaliha	–	1912–1971	Civil Service
1971	Uday Shankar		1900–1977	Arts
1971	Sumati Morarjee	–	1907–1998	Civil Service
1971	Allauddin Khan		1862–1972	Arts
1972	S. M. Nanda	–	1915–2009	Military Service
1972	Pratap Chandra Lal	–	1916–1982	Military Service
1972	Aditya Nath Jha	–	1911–1972	Public Affairs
1972	Jivraj Narayan Mehta	–	1887–1978	Public Affairs
1972	P. Balacharya Gajendragadkar	–	1901–1981	Public Affairs
1972	Vikram Ambalal Sarabhai		1919–1971	Science & Engineering
1972	Sam Manekshaw	–	1914–2008	Military Service
1972	Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq	–	1912–1971	Public Affairs
1972	Hormasji Maneckji Seervai	–	1906–1996	Law and Public affairs
1973	Daulat Singh Kothari		1905–1993	Science & Engineering
1973	Nagendra Singh	–	1914–1998	Public Affairs
1973	T. Swaminathan	–		Civil Service
1973	U. N. Dhebar	–	1905–1977	Social Work
1973	Basanti Devi	–		Civil Service
1973	Nellie Sengupta	–	1886–1973	Social Work
1974	V. Kasturi Ranga Varadarja Rao		1908–1991	Civil Service
1974	Benode Behari Mukherjee		1904–1980	Arts
1974	Harish Chandra Sarin	–	1914–1997	Civil Service
1974	Niren De	–		Law and Public Affairs
1975	Basanti Dulal Nag Chaudhuri	–	1917–2006	Literature & Education
1975	Chintaman Dwarkanath Deshmukh		1896–1982	Public Affairs
1975	Durgabai Deshmukh	–	1909–1981	Social Work
1975	Premlila Vithaldas Thackersey	–	1894–1977	Literature & Education
1975	Raja Ramanna		1925–2004	Science & Engineering
1975	Homi Nusserwanji Sethna	–	1923–2010	Civil Service
1975	M.S. Subbulakshmi	–	1916–2004	Arts
1975	Mary Clubwala Jadhav	–	1909–1975	Social Work
1976	Bashir Hussain Zaidi	–	1898–1992	Literature & Education
1976	Kalpathi Ramakrishna Ramanathan	–	1893–1984	Science & Engineering
1976	Kalu Lal Shrimali	–	1909–2000	Literature & Education
1976	Giani Gurmukh Singh Mussafir	–	1899–1976	Literature & Education
1976	Keshava Shankar Pillai	–	1902–1989	Arts
1976	Salim Moizuddin Ali Abdul		1896–1987	Science & Engineering
1976	Satyajit Ray		1921–1992	Arts
1977	Om Prakash Mehra	–	1919	Military Service
1977	Ajudhia Nath Khosla	–	1892–1984	Civil Service
1977	Ajoy Kumar Mukherjee	–	1901–1986	Public Affairs
1977	Ali Yavar Jung	–	1906–1976	Public Affairs
1977	Chandeshwar Prasad Narayan Singh	–	1901–1993	Literature & Education
1977	T. Balasaraswati	–	1918–1984	Arts
1980	Rai Krishnadasa	–	1925	Civil Service
1980	Bismillah Khan		1916–2006	Arts
1981	Satish Dhawan	–	1920–2002	Science & Engineering
1981	Ravi Shankar		1920–2012	Arts
1982	Mira Behn	–	1892–1982	Social Work	United Kingdom*
1985	C. N. R. Rao		1934	Science & Engineering	India
1985	Mambillikalathil Govind Kumar Menon	–	1928	Civil Service
1986	Autar Singh Paintal	–	1925–2004	Medicine
1986	Birju Maharaj		1938	Arts
1986	Baba Amte	–	1914–2008	Social Work
1987	Benjamin Peary Pal	–	1906–1989	Science & Engineering
1987	Manmohan Singh		1932	Civil Service
1987	Arun Shridhar Vaidya	–	1926–1986	Military Service
1987	Kamladevi Chattopadhyay	–	1903–1988	Social Work
1988	Kuppalli Venkatappa Puttappa	–	1904–1994	Literature & Education
1988	Mirza Hameedullah Beg	–	1913–1985	Law and Public Affairs
1988	Mahadevi Verma		1907–1987	Literature & Education
1989	M. S. Swaminathan		1925	Science & Engineering
1989	Umashankar Dikshit	–	1901–1991	Public Affairs
1989	Ali Akbar Khan		1922–2009	Arts
1990	A. P. J. Abdul Kalam		1931	Science & Engineering
1990	Semmangudi Srinivasa Iyer	–	1908–2003	Arts
1990	Vallmpadugai Srinivasa Raghavan Arunachalam	–	1935	Science & Engineering
1990	Bhabatosh Dutta	–	1911–1997	Literature & Education
1990	Kumar Gandharva	–	1924–1992	Arts
1990	Triloki Nath Chaturvedi	–	1928	Civil Service
1991	Indraprasad Gordhanbhai Patel		1924–2005	Science & Engineering
1991	M. Balamuralikrishna		1930	Arts
1991	Hiren Mukerjee	–	1907–2004	Public Affairs
1991	N. G. Ranga	–	1900–1995	Public Affairs
1991	Rajaram Shastri	–	1904–1991	Literature & Education
1991	Gulzari Lal Nanda	–	1898–1998	Public Affairs
1991	Khusro Faramurz Rustamji	–	1916–2003	Civil Service
1991	M.F. Husain		1915–2011	Arts
1992	Mallikarjun Mansur	–	1910–1992	Arts
1992	V. Shantaram	–	1901–1990	Arts
1992	Sivaramakrishna Iyer Padmavati	–	1917	Medicine
1992	Lakshmanshastri Joshi	–	1901–1994	Literature & Education
1992	Atal Bihari Vajpayee		1924	Public Affairs
1992	Govinddas Shroff	–		Literature & Education
1992	Kaloji Narayana Rao	–	1914–2002	Arts
1992	Ravi Narayan Reddy	–	1908–1991	Public Affairs
1992	Sardar Swaran Singh	–	1907–1994	Public Affairs
1992	Aruna Asaf Ali	–	1909–1996	Public Affairs
1998	Lakshmi Sahgal		1914–2012	Public Affairs
1998	Usha Mehta	–	1920–2000	Social Work
1998	Nani Ardeshir Palkhivala	–	1920–2002	Law and Public Affairs
1998	Walter Sisulu	–	1912–2003	Public Affairs	South Africa
1999	Rajagopala Chidambaram		1936	Science & Engineering	India
1999	Sarvepalli Gopal	–	1923–2002	Literature & Education
1999	Verghese Kurien	–	1921–2012	Science & Engineering
1999	Hans Raj Khanna	–	1912–2008	Public Affairs
1999	V. R. Krishna Iyer		1915-2014	Law and Public Affairs
1999	Lata Mangeshkar		1929	Arts
1999	Bhimsen Joshi	–	1922–2011	Arts
1999	Braj Kumar Nehru	–	1909–2001	Civil Service
1999	Dharma Vira	–	1906–2001	Civil Service
1999	Lallan Prasad Singh*	–	1912–1998	Civil Service
1999	Nana Deshmukh	–	1916–2010	Social Work
1999	Pandurang Shastri Athavale	–	1920–2003	Social Work
1999	Satish Gujral	–	1925	Arts
1999	D. K. Pattammal	–	1919–2009	Arts
2000	Krishen Behari Lall	–	1917–2005	Civil Service
2000	Krishnaswamy Kasturirangan		1940	Science & Engineering
2000	Manohar Singh Gill			Civil Service
2000	Kelucharan Mohapatra	–	1926–2004	Arts
2000	Hari Prasad Chaurasia		1938	Arts
2000	Jasraj		1930	Arts
2000	Jagdish Natwarlal Bhagwati		1934	Literature & Education
2000	Kakkadan Nandanath Raj	–	1924–2010	Literature & Education
2000	Bhairab Dutt Pande	–	1917–2009	Civil Service
2000	Maidavolu Narasimham	–	1927	Trade & Industry
2000	R. K. Narayan	–	1906–2001	Literature & Education
2000	Sikander Bakht	–	1918–2004	Public Affairs
2000	Tarlok Singh	–	1912–2005	Civil Service
2001	Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao		1920	Science & Engineering	United States*
2001	Chakravarthi Vijayaraghava Narasimhan	–	1915–2003	Civil Service	India
2001	Shivkumar Sharma		1938	Arts
2001	Man Mohan Sharma	–	1937	Science & Engineering
2001	Amjad Ali Khan		1945	Arts
2001	Benjamin Arthur Gilman		1922	Public Affairs	United States*
2001	Hosei Norota	–	1929	Public Affairs	Japan*
2001	Hrishikesh Mukherjee	–	1922–2006	Arts	India
2001	John Kenneth Galbraith		1908–2006	Literature & Education	United States*
2001	Kotha Satchidanda Murthy	–	1924	Literature & Education	India
2001	Zubin Mehta		1936	Arts
2002	Chakravthi Rangarajan	–	1932	Literature & Education
2002	Gangubai Hangal		1913–2009	Arts
2002	Kishan Maharaj	–	1923–2008	Arts
2002	Soli Jehangir Sorabjee	–	1930	Law
2002	Kishori Amonkar	–	1932	Arts
2003	Bal Ram Nanda	–	1917–2010	Literature & Education
2003	Kazi Lhendup Dorji Kangsarpa	–	1904–2007	Public Affairs
2003	Sonal Mansingh		1944	Arts
2003	Bhrihaspati Dev Triguna	–	1920	Medicine
2004	Manepalli Narayana Rao Venkatachaliah	–	1929	Law and Public Affairs
2004	Amrita Pritam		1919–2005	Literature & Education
2004	Jayant Vishnu Narlikar		1938	Science & Engineering
2005	B. K. Goyal	–	1935	Medicine
2005	Karan Singh		1931	Public Affairs
2005	Mohan Dharia	–	1925	Social Work
2005	Ram Narayan		1927	Arts
2005	Marthanda Varma Sankaran Valiathan		1934	Medicine
2005	Jyotindra Nath Dixit	–	1936–2005	Civil Service
2005	Milon Kumar Banerji	–	1928–2010	Law and Public Affairs
2005	R. K. Laxman	–	1921-2015	Arts
2006	Norman E. Borlaug		1914–2009	Science & Engineering	United States*
2006	V. N. Khare	–	1939	Law and Public Affairs	India
2006	Mahasveta Devi		1926	Literature & Education
2006	Nirmala Deshpande		1929–2008	Social Work
2006	Obaid Siddiqui	–	1932-2013	Science & Engineering
2006	Prakash Narain Tandon	–	1928	Medicine
2006	Adoor Gopalakrishnan		1941	Arts
2006	C. R. Krishnaswamy Rao	–	1927	Civil Service
2006	Charles Correa	–	1930	Science & Engineering
2007	Raja Jesudoss Chelliah	–	1922–2009	Public Affairs
2007	Venkataraman Krishnamurthy	–		Civil Service
2007	Balu Sankaran	–	1926	Medicine
2007	Fali Sam Nariman	–	1929	Law and Public Affairs
2007	Prafullachandra Natwarlal Bhagwati	–	1921	Law and Public Affairs
2007	Khushwant Singh		1915-2014	Literature & Education
2007	Raja Rao	–	1908–2006	Literature & Education	United States
2007	N.N. Vohra	–	1936	Civil Service	India
2007	Naresh Chandra	–	1934	Civil Service
2007	Ennackal Chandy George Sudarshan	–	1931	Science & Engineering	United States*
2007	Viswanathan Anand		1969	Sports	India
2007	Rajendra K. Pachauri		1940	Environmentalism
2008	N. R. Narayana Murthy		1946	Information Technology
2008	E. Sreedharan	–	1932	Civil Service
2008	Lakshmi Niwas Mittal		1950	Trade & Industry
2008	Adarsh Sein Anand	–	1936	Public Affairs
2008	P. N. Dhar	–	1919–2012	Civil Service
2008	P. R. S. Oberoi	–	1929	Trade & Industry
2008	Asha Bhosle		1933	Arts
2008	Edmund Hillary		1919–2008	Mountaineering	New Zealand*
2008	Ratan Tata		1937	Trade & Industry	India
2008	Pranab Mukherjee		1935	Public affairs
2008	Sachin Tendulkar		1973	Sports
2009	Chandrika Prasad Srivastava	–	1920-2013	Civil Service
2009	Sunderlal Bahuguna	–	1927	Environmental Conservation
2009	D. P. Chattopadhyaya	–	1933	Literature & Education
2009	Jasbir Singh Bajaj	–		Medicine
2009	Purshotam Lal	–	1954	Medicine
2009	Govind Narain	–	1916–2012	Public Affairs
2009	Anil Kakodkar		1943	Science & Engineering
2009	Dr. G. Madhavan Nair	–	1943	Science & Engineering
2009	Sister Nirmala		1934	Social Work
2009	A. S. Ganguly	–	1935	Trade & Industry
2010	Ebrahim Alkazi	–	1925	Arts
2010	Umayalpuram K. Sivaraman		1935	Arts
2010	Zohra Sehgal	–	1912-2014	Arts
2010	Y. Venugopal Reddy	–	1941	Law and Public affairs
2010	Venkatraman Ramakrishnan		1952	Science & Engineering	United Kingdom*
2010	Prathap C. Reddy		1933	Trade & Industry	India
2011	Akkineni Nageshwara Rao		1924-2014	Arts
2011	Kapila Vatsyayan		1928	Arts
2011	Homai Vyarawalla	–	1913–2012	Arts
2011	Parasaran Kesava Iyenger	–	1927	Public Affairs
2011	AR Kidwai	–	1920	Public Affairs
2011	Vijay Kelkar	–	1942	Public Affairs
2011	Montek Singh Ahluwalia		1943	Public Affairs
2011	Palle Rama Rao	–	1937	Science
2011	Amjad Ali Khan	–	1945	Arts
2011	Azim Premji		1945	Trade & Industry
2011	Brajesh Mishra	–	1928-2012	Civil Service
2011	Ottaplakkal Neelakandan Velu Kurup		1931	Literature
2011	Sitakant Mahapatra		1937	Literature
2011	Lakshmi Chand Jain	–	1925–2010	Public Affairs
2012	K. G. Subramanyan	–	1924	Arts
2012	Mario Miranda*		1926–2011	Arts
2012	Bhupen Hazarika*		1926–2011	Arts
2012	Kantilal Hastimal Sancheti	–	1936	Medicine
2012	T. V. Rajeswar	–	1926	Civil Service
2013	Yash Pal		1926	Science & Engineering
2013	Roddam Narasimha		1933	Science & Engineering
2013	Raghunath Mohapatra	–	1933	Arts
2013	Syed Haider Raza	–	1922	Arts
2014	Raghunath Anant Mashelkar		1943	Science & Engineering
2014	B. K. S. Iyengar		1918 -2014	Yoga
2015	L. K. Advani		1927	Public Affairs
2015	Amitabh Bachchan		1942	Art
2015	Parkash Singh Badal		1927	Public Affairs
2015	Veerendra Heggade		1948	Social Work
2015	Dilip Kumar		1922	Art
2015	Rambhadracharya		1950	Other
2015	M.R. Srinivasan	–	1930	Science & Engineering
2015	Kottayan Katankot Venugopal		1931	Public Affairs
2015	Aga Khan IV		1936	Trade and Industry