Wednesday, 10 October 2018

Thanks to SHRI GVS ANAND SIR -SITE INCHARGE and SHRI P. HARE RAM SIR FOR AWARENESS REGARDING - Nutrition, Macronutrients and Micronutrients and their deficiency disorders

Contents ï‚— Introduction ï‚— Dietary Goals ï‚— Classification of food ï‚— Proximate principles of food ï‚— Micronutrients ï‚— Dietary...
Introduction ï‚— Nutrient (Food Factor): â—¦ Organic & inorganic complexes contained in food. â—¦ There are about 50 different n...
DIETARY GOALS Maintenance of a state of positive health & optimal performance in populations at large by maintaining ideal...
Classification of Foods Chemical Composition • Proteins • Carbohydrat es • Fats • Vitamins • Minerals Function • Energy- g...

NUTRIENTS Micronutrients • Vitamins • Minerals Macronutrients (Proximate Principles) • Carbohydrates (65-80%) • Fats (10-3...

Proteins (=of first importance) ï‚— Complex organic nitrogenous compounds ï‚— Primary structural & functional component of eve...
Sources of Proteins: Animal: Milk and Milk Products, Eggs (reference protein), Meat, Fish Plants: Pulses, Cereals, Beans, ...
Functions of proteins Major structural component of cellular membranes. Help in body immunity. Influence & control osmotic...

Protein contents of some foods Food Protein (g per 100g of food) Animal foods Milk 3.2-4.3 Meat 18.0-26.0 Egg 13.0 Fish 15...
PROTEINS PROTEIN QUANTITY Protein energy ratio = Energy from protein × 100 Total energy in diet Recommended protein intake...
Fats Concentrated sources of energy. : Fats liquid at 20°C are called OILS. : 10 – 15% of body weight. : 9kcal /gm energy ...
FATTY ACIDS : • SATURATED: lauric, palmitic, stearic acids • UNSATURATED : • Mono unsaturated Fatty acids(MUFA) : oleic ac...
Sources of fat in Indian diets Animal fat (saturated fats): ghee, butter, milk, cheese, eggs, fat of meat and fish Vegetab...
Choice of cooking oil 1. Use correct combination / blend of 2 or more vegetable oils (1:1) it is necessary to increase the...


CARBOHYDRATES : main source of energy. : providing energy= 4kcal/g TYPES - A. Simple carbohydrates 1. Sugars (Simple carb....

Functions : 55% - 60 % of daily energy requirement As a “ spare protein ” Aid in fat metabolism. Formation of structural e...
Glycaemic Index ï‚— Area under the 2 hr. blood glucose response curve following the ingestion of 50 gm test carbohydrate. ï‚— ...
Dietary Fiber  Fiber is the plant material that doesn’t break down when we digest food.  Examples: Cellulose, Hemicellul...
Function in the Body: Aids in digestion. May reduce the risk of developing some diseases like heart disease, diabetes and ...
WATER Electrolytes â—¦ Regulates many processes in the body. Homeostasis â—¦ Process of maintaining a steady state in the body...
WATER REQUIREMENT AGE(in years) WATER(ml per kg body weight) INFANTS Birth-1 120-100 CHILDREN 0-10 60-80 ADOLESCENTS 11-18...
MICRONUTRIENTS Vitamins and Minerals
2 TYPES : ï‚— FAT SOLUBLE- A,D,E,K ï‚— Fatsoluble vitamins can be stored in the body while water- soluble vitamins are not and...
(A)Fat Soluble VITAMIN SOURCE FUNCTION S DEFICIENC Y DAILY REQUIREME NT TOXICITY VITAMIN -A (retinol, β-carotene) Fish liv...
(B) Water Soluble VITAMIN SOURCES FUNCTIONS DEFICIENCY DAILY REQUIREMENT VITAMIN- B1 Thiamine Cereals(lost from rice durin...

Water Soluble Vitamins SOURCE FUNCTIONS DEFICIENCY DAILY REQUIREMENT VITAMIN-B5 Pantothenic acid All foods Adrenal cortica...


MINERALS Required for : growth, repair, and regulation of vital body functions. Two major groups : Major minerals : calci...

ESSENTIAL MINERALS MINERALS SOURCES FUNCTIONS DEFICIENCY DAILY REQUIREMENT IRON HAEM NON HAEM Liver, meat, poultry, fish C...
ESSENTIAL MINERALS MINERALS SOURCES FUNCTIONS DEFICIENCY/ EXCESS DAILY REQUIRE MENT SODIUM Processed foods, salt Osmotic s...

Other Trace Elements ï‚— COPPER: â—¦ Widely distributed in nature, deficiency/excess is rare â—¦ Hypocupremia (in patients with ...




ï‚— SELENIUM: â—¦ RDA: 55mcg â—¦ Se deficiency: may occur in PEM, reduces antibody production. Endemic cardiomyopathy (Keshan Ds...

NUTRITIVE VALUE OF SOME PLANT FOODS FOOD PRODUCTS Per 100 g Protein Fat Carbohy- drates Energy (Kcal) Vitamins Minerals RA...
NUTRITIVE VALUE OF SOME ANIMAL FOODS FOOD PRODUCTS PER 100 g Proteins Fats Lactose Energy (Kcal) Vitamins Minerals MILK : ...

Dietary Standards – What are they?  Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA): the average daily dietary nutrient intake level ...

ï‚— The RDA are based on scientific knowledge. ï‚— Prepared by the National Nutrition Advisory Committee (ICMR). ï‚— The committ...

AN INDIAN REFERENCE MAN & WOMAN REFERENCE MAN REFERENCE WOMAN  Age : 18 – 29 years.  Weight : 60 kg, Ht-1.73m  BMI-20.3...

Consumption Unit (C.U.)  The energy requirement of ‘Reference man’ who is aged 18-29 years, healthy, weighing 60 kg doing...

BALANCED DIET Defined as “ one which contains a variety of foods in such quantities and proportions that the need of energ...
Composition of Balanced Diet ï‚— About 65-80% of energy requirements should come from complex carbohydrates ï‚· About 10-15% o...

PRUDENT DIET (Dietary Goals) Recommended by Expert Committee of WHO : a) Dietary fat : 15 -30% of total daily intake. b) S...
RDA IN INDIANS

RDA IN INDIANS

Diet recommendations for Children AGE DIET RECOMMENDATIONS 0 – 6 months Only nourishment newborns need is mother’s milk. 6...
Complementary foods for children 1. Kichidi 2. Malted Ragi Porridge 3. Kheer 4. Custard 5. Wheat Payasam Note: 1. All thes...
Common Home Measures- Weight & Volume Equivalents ï‚— 1 Medium size katori: 150-160 ml ï‚— 1 Table spoon (level): 15g or ml (a...

Food Pyramid
FOOD GUIDE PYRAMID 1ST layer – GRAINS- eat most (6 or more servings) Examples: rice, noodles, pasta, whole grain bread, pl...

3rd layer – Meat, Poultry, Fish, Eggs, Beans, Nuts (eat some – not too much) Milk group-2servings Meat group – 2 servings ...
4th Layer – Fat, Sugar & Salt (eat least ,use sparingly) Examples: Cooking oils (eg peanut oil, corn oil, sunflower oil), ...
IMPORTANCE OF DIET DURING DIFFERENT STAGES OF LIFE
PROTEIN ENERGY MALNUTRITION FEATURES MARASMUS KWASHIORKOR CLINICAL ALWAYS PRESENT Muscle wasting Obvious Hidden by oedema ...
MALNUTRITION / INFECTION CYCLE (PEM) INADEQUATE DIETARY INTAKE • APPETITE LOSS • NUTRITION LOSS • MALABSORPTION • ALTERED ...

XEROPHTHALMIA VITAMIN-A DEFICIENCY IN INDIA ï‚— 5.7% children in India suffer from eye signs of VAD ï‚— Most common in childre...
 PREVENTION : a). Short term action : Administration of vitamin-A orally : 1st dose with measles vaccine – 100,000 IU (at...
IODINE DEFICIENCY DISORDERS ï‚— 170 million are estimated to be affected by GOITRE in India. ï‚— In SUB HIMALAYAN GOITRE BELT ...

ENDEMIC FLUOROSIS ï‚— Important health problem in : Andhra Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana, Karnataka, Kerala & Tamil Nadu. ï‚— TYPES...
LATHYRISM ï‚— Prevalent in : Madhya Pradesh, UP, Bihar, Orissa ï‚— Due to consumption of Lathyrus sativus (khesari dhal) : ove...

OBESITY  CAUSES : : Overnutrition : Prolonged post –prandial hyperlipidaemia : Relative insulin resistance in peripheral ...
ï‚— Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) ï‚— DASH was one of three eating plans that were compared in research studi...

ï‚— Is low in saturated fat, cholesterol, and total fat ï‚— Focuses on fruits, vegetables, and fat-free or low-fat dairy produ...
Total fat 27% of calories Sodium 2,300 mg Saturated fat 6% of calories Potassium 4,700 mg Protein 18% of calories Calcium ...

Type of food Number of servings for 1600 - 3100 Calorie diets Servings on a 2000 Calorie diet Grains and grain products (i...

Diet and Diabetes ï‚— Eat starchy foods regularly ï‚— More fruit and vegetables ï‚— Reduce animal or saturated fat (Lowers LDL c...
Diet and Diabetes ï‚— Cut down on sugar ï‚— Use of Sweeteners: â—¦ Sugar alcohols (polyols): Sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol â—¦ 10-12...

Some Indian remedies : Methi seed • Contains • an active ingredient of blood glucose control • an active ingredient for bl...

NATIONAL NUTRITIONAL PROGRAMS ï‚— Special nutrition program ï‚— Balwadi nutrition program ï‚— Applied nutrition program ï‚— Tamil ...

ï‚— National Nutritional Anemia Prophylaxis Program ï‚— National Program For Prophylaxis Against Blindness in Children Caused ...
• National Institute Of Nutrition (NIN), Hyderabad (Nutrition Society of India) • National Institute Of Health And Family ...
Vitamin A Vitamin A is essential for the growth of the babies. Deficiency of the Vitamin A causes weak growth of the bones...
Vitamin B1 Vitamin B1 is very necessary for the growth. It is helpful in converting Carbohydrates to Energy. Deficiency of...
Vitamin B2 Vitamin B2 is needed for eyes and skin. It is the major source for the promotion of the oxygen in converting fo...
Vitamin B12 Vitamin B12 helps in the normal functioning of the normal functioning of the Folic Acid. The Vitamin B12 and f...

Vitamin C Vitamin C is essential for healthy blood vessels, bones and teeth. It is also helpful to form collagen and prote...

Vitamin D Vitamin D is essential for body growth; and is also called Sunshine Vitamin. Deficiency of the Vitamin D causes ...
Vitamin E Vitamin E is essential to maintain cell membranes. Main sources of Vitamin E are eggs, cereals, meats, liver and...
Vitamin K Vitamin K is essential for blood clotting. Deficiency of Vitamin K also affects in the healing of the injuries. ...

Healthy Baby Healthy Hair Healthy Eyes Healthy Lips Healthy Skin
Bleeding Gums Sore Gums Bleeding under Skin Anemia No Blood Clotting
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