In order to help you make better-informed decisions about the products that you buy, today we will go through the seven different types of plastic, how they differ, and their impact on the environment. So, keep reading!
WHY ARE THERE DIFFERENT TYPES OF PLASTIC?
In 1988, the Society of the Plastics Industry introduced the Resin Identification Code (RIC) system which divided plastic resins into 7 different categories.
The purpose was to “provide a consistent national system to facilitate recycling of post-consumer plastics." Since then, after undergoing some minor variations, the RIC has been recognized as the worldwide standard plastic classification.
THE DIFFERENT PLASTIC TYPES
1 – PET
Plastics that belong to group number one are made out of polyethylene terephthalate or PET. It holds the number one spot because of its widespread utility. It is mostly used for food and drink packaging purposes due to its strong ability to prevent oxygen from getting in and spoiling the product inside.
It’s usually picked up through most curbside recycling programs and has a tremendously positive track record! In fact, PET bottles are the most widely recycled plastic in the world!
Beverage bottles are among the main plastic items that come for PET.2 – HDPE
Technical name - High-Density Polyethylene – it’s an incredible resistant resin used for grocery bags, milk jugs, recycling bins, agricultural pipe, but also playground equipment, lids, and shampoo bottles among others. Because it’s made with long unbranched polymer chains it’s much stronger and thicker than PET. Also, it is relatively hard and resistant to impact and can be subjected to temperatures of up to 120 °C without being affected. As far as its disposal is concerned, HDPE is accepted at most recycling centers in the world, as it is one of the easiest plastic polymers to recycle.
3 – PVC
Polyvinyl chloride is the world's third-most widely produced synthetic plastic polymer. It comes in two basic forms: rigid and flexible. In its rigid form, PVC is largely used in the building and construction industry to produce door and window profiles and pipes (drinking and wastewater). When mixed with other substances, It can be made softer and more flexible and applied to plumbing, wiring, and electrical cable insulation and flooring.
Thanks to its versatile properties, such as lightness, durability, and easiness of processability, PVC is now replacing traditional building materials like wood, metal, concrete, rubber, ceramics, etc. in various applications.
Despite its many advantages and efforts made by the plastic industry to increase its reusability, PVC is still hardly recyclable and should therefore be avoided, whenever possible.
4 – LDPE
Contrary to HDPE, LDPE is characterized by low-density molecules, giving this resin a thinner and more flexible design. It has the simplest structure of all the plastics, making it easy and cheap to produce. Used in plastic bags, six-pack rings, various containers, dispensing bottles, and most famously for plastic wraps, is not often recycled through curbside programs.
LDPE is used for the infamous plastic bags that are usually used for a few seconds and then discarded.
5-PP
Polypropylene is the second-most widely produced commodity plastic and its market is forecasted to grow even more in the following years. Hard and sturdy, it can withstand high temperatures and is found in tupperwares, car parts, thermal vests, yogurt containers, and even disposable diapers.
Fun fact: because it is VERY resistant to fatigue, PP is usually used for living hinges (the thin piece of plastic that allows a part of a product to fold or bend from 1 to 180 degrees).
A living hinge on a PP cap.
6 – PS
Polystyrene is the sixth type of plastic on the list and it can be solid or foamed. It is a very inexpensive resin per unit weight and easy to create, for these reasons it can be found everywhere: from beverage cups, insulation, packing materials to egg cartons and disposable dinnerware. Perhaps better known by its commercial name – Styrofoam – it’s highly inflammable and dangerous as it can leach harmful chemicals, especially when heated (which often happens because, as it’s found in disposable take-out containers, people oftentimes microwave it to heat up the food inside it).
Environmentally-speaking it’s among the worst types of plastic: first, it is regarded as not biodegradable. Second, polystyrene foam blows in the wind and floats on water, due to its low specific gravity. Animals do not recognize it as artificial and may mistake it for food causing serious effects on the health of birds or marine animals that might swallow it.
In addition, polystyrene is not accepted in curbside collection recycling programs and is not separated and recycled where it is accepted. To sum up, it’s a no-go.
7 – OTHER PLASTIC
If plastic cannot be identified in the six types above-mentioned, then it will be included in group number 7. The best-known plastics of this group are polycarbonates (PC) used to build strong, tough products. Polycarbonates are commonly used for eye protection in the creation of lenses for sunglasses, sport and safety goggles. But they can also be found on mobile phones and, more frequently, in compact-discs (CD).
In recent years, the use of these resins has been controversial: the basis of this controversy is their leaching that, occurring at high temperature, releases bisphenol A, a compound that is on the list of potential environmental hazardous chemicals. Moreover, the decomposition of BPA in landfills does not occur meaning that this chemical will be persistent in the ground and will eventually find its way into water bodies contributing to aquatic pollution. On top of this, plastics number 7 is almost never recycled.
Here’s a brief recap of what we have learned so far:
FINAL CONSIDERATIONS
We hope this blog post has provided some clarity about the differences among all these plastic types. In the next blog post, we will explain which of these plastic types can be recycled and which not, so stick around!
As usual, remember to opt for reusable alternatives to plastic, to avoid purchasing the dangerous types and recycle as much as possible the types of plastic that you can!
P.S.
At Plastics For Change, we are giving second life to discarded plastic numbers 1,2,4, and 5 and re-use them for the creation of various different products while cleaning our oceans!
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