Sustainability is the capacity to endure. For humans,
sustainability is the long-term maintenance of responsibility, which has
environmental, economic, and social dimensions, and encompasses the concept of stewardship,
the responsible management of resource use. In ecology, sustainability
describes how biological systems remain diverse and productive over time, a
necessary precondition for human well-being. Long-lived and healthy wetlands
and forests are examples of sustainable biological systems.
Healthy
ecosystems and environments provide vital goods and services. There
are two major ways of managing human impact on ecosystem services. One approach
is environmental management; this approach is based largely on information
gained from educated professionals in earth science, environmental science, and
conservation biology. Another approach is management of consumption of
resources, which is based largely on information gained from educated
professionals in economics.
Human
sustainability interfaces with economics through the voluntary trade
consequences of economic activity. Moving towards sustainability is also a
social challenge that entails, among other factors, international and national law,
urban planning and transport, local and individual lifestyles and ethical
consumerism. Ways of living more sustainably can take many forms from
controlling living conditions (e.g., eco villages, eco-municipalities and sustainable
cities), to reappraising work practices (e.g., using perma culture, green
building, sustainable agriculture), or developing new technologies that reduce
the consumption of resources.
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