Methods of Monitoring and Analysis
Annex
IV
Guidance for assessment of
representativeness and reliability of baseline environmental attributes
(Also Please Refer CPCB
Guidelines on Methods of Monitoring and Analysis)
Attributes
|
Sampling
|
Measurement
Method
|
Remarks
|
|
A.� Air Environment
|
Network
|
Frequency
|
|
|
Meteorological
�
Wind speed
�
Wind direction
�
Dry bulb temperature
�
Wet bulb temperature
�
Relative humidity
�
Rainfall
�
Solar radiation
�
Cloud cover
�
Environmental Lapse Rate
|
Minimum
1 site
in
the project impact area
|
1
hourly continuous
|
Mechanical/automatic
weather station
Rain
gauge
As
per IMD specifications
As
per IMD specifications
Mini
Sonde/SODAR
|
IS
5182 Part 1-20
Site
specific primary data is essential
Secondary
data from IMD, New Delhi
CPCB
guidelines
|
Pollutants
�
SPM
|
10
to 15 locations in the project impact area
|
24
hourly twice a week
(Please
refer
|
Gravimetric
(High-Volume)
|
Monitoring Network
�
Minimum 2 locations in upwind side, more sites in downwind side /
impact zone
|
�
RPM
|
|
National
Ambient Air Quality Standards, CPCB
|
Gravimetric
(High-Volume with Cyclone)
|
�
All the sensitive receptors need to be covered
|
�
SO2
|
|
Notification
dated 11th April, 1994)
|
EPA
Modified West & Gaeke method
|
Measurement Methods
|
�
NOx
|
|
|
Arsenite
modified Jacob & Hochheiser
|
As
per CPCB standards for NAQM, 1994
|
�
CO
|
|
8
hourly twice a week
|
NDIR
technique
|
|
�
H2S*
|
|
24
hourly twice a week
|
Methylene-blue
|
|
�
NH*3
|
|
|
Nessler�s
method
|
|
�
HC*
|
|
|
Infra
Red analyser
|
|
�
Fluoride*
|
|
|
Specific
Ion meter
|
|
�
Pb*
|
|
|
|
|
*Project
Specific �������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������� ��������
Note: For Rapid
Environmental Impact Assessment one complete season data except monsoon is
adequate while the comprehensive Environmental Impact Assessment Resources
coverage of three seasons
Guidance for
assessment of representativeness and reliability of baseline environmental
attributes
Attributes
|
Sampling
|
Measurement
Method
|
Remarks
|
|
B. Noise
|
Network
|
Frequency
|
|
|
�
Hourly equivalent noise levels
|
Identified
study area
|
Once
in each season
|
Instrument
: Noise level meter
|
IS:4954-1968
as adopted by CPCB
|
�
Hourly equivalent noise levels
|
Inplant
(1.5 metre from machinery)
|
Once
|
Instrument
: Noise level meter
|
CPCB/OSHA
|
�
Hourly equivalent noise levels
|
Highways
|
Once
in each season
|
Instrument
: Noise level meter
|
CPCB/IS:4954-1968
|
�
Peak particle velocity
|
150-200m
from blast site
|
Once
|
PPV
meter
|
|
C.� Water
|
|
|
|
|
Parameters for water
quality
�
pH, temp, turbidity, magnesium hardness, total alkalinity, chloride,
sulphate, nitrate, fluoride, sodium, potassium, salinity
�
Total nitrogen, total phosphorus, DO, BOD, COD, Phenol
�
Heavy metals
�
Total coliforms, faecal coliforms
�
Phyto plankton
�
Zoo plankton
|
�
Set of grab samples during pre and post-monsoon for ground and
surface water for 10 km distance
|
Diurnal
and Season wise
|
Samples
for water quality should be collected and analysed as per :
�
IS : 2488 (Part 1-5) methods for sampling and testing of Industrial
effluents
�
Standard methods for examination of water and wastewater analysis
published by American Public Health Association.
|
|
Guidance for assessment of representativeness and reliability of baseline environmental attributes
Attributes
|
Sampling
|
Measurement
Method
|
Remarks
|
|
|
Network
|
Frequency
|
|
|
For River Bodies
�
Total Carbon
�
pH
�
Dissolved Oxygen
�
Biological Oxygen Demand
�
Free NH4
�
Boron
�
Sodium Absorption Ratio
�
Electrical Conductivity
|
�
Standard methodology for collection of surface water (BIS
standards)�
�
At least one grab sample per location per season
|
�
Yield of water sources to be measured during critical season
�
River Stretch within project area be divided in grids (say 1 km
length and 1/3 width) and samples should be from each grid at a time when the
wastewater discharged by other sources of pollution is expected to be maximum
|
Samples
for water quality should be collected and analysed as per :
�
IS : 2488 (Part 1-5) methods for sampling and testing of Industrial
effluents
�
Standard methods for examination of water and wastewater analysis
published by American Public Health Association.
|
Data
should be collected from relevant offices such as central water commission, state
and central ground water board, Irrigation dept.
|
Guidance for assessment of representativeness and
reliability of baseline environmental attributes
Attributes
|
Sampling
|
Measurement
Method
|
Remarks
|
||
|
Network
|
Frequency
|
|
|
|
Parameters for wastewater
characterisation
�
Temp, colour, odour, turbidity, TSS, TDS
�
pH, alkalinity as CaCO3, p value, M value, total hardness
as CaCO3, chloride as Cl sulphate as SO4, Nitrate as N
O3, Fluoride as F, Phosphate as PO4, Chromium as Cr.
(Hexavalent, total) Ammonical Nitrogen as N, TKN, % sodium, BOD at 20�C, COD,
DO, total residual chlorine as Cl2, oil and grease, sulphide,
phenolic compound
|
�
In plant sources
�
Grab and
composite� sampling
|
�
Diurnal and season wise variation
|
Samples
for water quality should be collected and analysed as per :
�
IS : 2488 (Part 1-5) methods for sampling and testing of Industrial
effluents
Standard
methods for examination of water and wastewater analysis published by
American Public Health Association.
|
All
plant sources categorised as :
�
Process wastewater
�
ETP wastewater
�
Domestic/sanitary wastewater
|
|
Contd...
�Guidance for assessment of representativeness
and reliability of baseline environmental attributes
Attributes
|
Sampling
|
Measurement
Method
|
Remarks
|
|
|
Network
|
Frequency
|
|
|
D.� Land Environment
|
|
|
|
|
Soil
�
Particle size distribution
�
Texture
�
pH
�
Electrical conductivity
�
Cation exchange capacity
�
Alkali metals
�
Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR)
�
Permeability
�
Water holding capacity
�
Porosity
|
One
surface sample from each village, (soil samples be collected as per BIS
specifications)
|
Seasonwise
|
Collected
and analysed as per soil analysis reference book, M.I.Jackson and soil
analysis reference book by C.A. Black
|
|
Land use/Landscape
�
Location code
�
Total project area
�
Topography
�
Drainage (natural)
�
Cultivated, forest, plantations, water bodies, roads and settlements
|
At
least 20 points along the boundary
|
|
Global
positioning system
Topo
sheets
Satellite
Imageries* (1:25,000)
Satellite
Imageries*
(1:25,000)
*Project
specific
|
|
Contd...
Guidance for assessment of representativeness and reliability of
baseline environmental attributes
Attributes
|
Sampling
|
Measurement
Method
|
Remarks
|
|
|
Network
|
Frequency
|
|
|
Solid Waste
|
|
|
|
|
Domestic Waste
�
Per capita contribution
�
Collection, transport and disposal system
�
Process waste
�
Quality (oily, chemical, biological)
|
Grab
and composite samples
|
Seasonwise
|
Guidelines
IS
9569 : 1980
IS
10447 : 1983
IS
12625 : 1989
IS
12647 : 1989
IS
12662 (PTI) 1989
|
|
Quality
�
Loss on heating
�
pH
�
EC
�
Calorific value, metals etc.
|
Grab
and composite samples
|
Seasonwise
|
Analysis
IS
9334 : 1979
IS
9235 : 1979
IS
10158 : 1982
|
|
Hazardous Waste
�
Permeability and porosity
�
Moisture pH
�
Electrical conductivity
�
Loss on ignition
�
Phosphorous
�
Total nitrogen
�
Cation exchange capacity
�
Particle size distribution
�
Heavy metal
�
Arsenic
�
Fluoride
|
Grab
and composite samples
|
|
Analysis
IS
9334 : 1979
IS
9235 : 1979
IS
10158 : 1982
|
|
Contd...
Guidance for assessment of
representativeness and reliability of baseline environmental attributes
Attributes
|
Sampling
|
Measurement
Method
|
Remarks
|
|
|
Network
|
Frequency
|
|
|
E.� Biological Environment
Aquatic
�
Primary productivity
�
Aquatic weeds
�
Enumeration of phyto plankton, zoo plankton and benthos
�
Fisheries
�
Diversity indices
�
Trophic levels
�
Rare and endangered species
�
Marine Parks/ Sanctuaries/ closed areas /coastal regulation zone
(CRZ)
Terrestrial
�
Vegetation-species list, economic importance, forest produce,
medicinal value
�
Importance value index (IVI) of trees
�
Fauna
|
�
Considering probable impact, sampling points and number of samples to
be decided on personal judgement within 10/25 km radius from the proposed
site
�
Samples to collect from upstream and downstream of discharge point,
nearby tributaries at down stream, and also from dug wells close to activity
site
|
Season
wise
|
Standard
techniques (APHA et. al. 1995, Rau and Wooten 1980) to be followed for
sampling and measurement
|
�
Seasonal sampling for aquatic biota
�
One season for terrestrial biota, in addition to vegetation studies
during monsoon season
�
Preliminary assessment
�
Microscopic analysis of plankton and me bents, studies of macro
fauna, aquatic vegetation and application of indices, viz. Shannon,
similarity, dominance IVI etc.
�
Point quarter plot less method for terrestrial vegetation survey
|
Contd...
Guidance for assessment of representativeness and reliability of
baseline environmental attributes
Attributes
|
Sampling
|
Measurement
Method
|
Remarks
|
|
|
Network
|
Frequency
|
|
|
�
Avi fauna
�
Rare and endangered species
�
Sanctuaries / National park / Biosphere reserve
�
Migratory routes
|
�
For forest studies, direction of wind should be considered while
selecting forests
|
|
|
�
Secondary data to collect from Government offices, NGOs, published
literature
�
Plankton net
�
Sediment dredge
�
Depth sampler
�
Microscope
�
Field binocular
|
F. socio-economic
|
|
|
|
|
�
Demographic structure
�
Infrastructure resource base
�
Economic resource base
�
Health status : Morbidity pattern
�
Cultural and aesthetic attributes
�
Education
|
Socio-economic
survey is based on proportionate, stratified and random sampling method
|
Minimum
for two phases of the project
|
Primary
data collection through questionnaire
|
Secondary
data from census records, statistical hard books, topo sheets, health records
and relevant official records available with Govt. agencies
|
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