Wednesday 5 March 2014

Annex IV Guidance for assessment of representativeness and reliability of baseline environmental attributes

Methods of Monitoring and Analysis


Annex IV
Guidance for assessment of representativeness and reliability of baseline environmental attributes
(Also Please Refer CPCB Guidelines on Methods of Monitoring and Analysis)
Attributes
Sampling
Measurement Method
Remarks
A.Air Environment
Network
Frequency


Meteorological
        Wind speed
        Wind direction
        Dry bulb temperature
        Wet bulb temperature
        Relative humidity
        Rainfall
        Solar radiation
        Cloud cover
        Environmental Lapse Rate

Minimum 1 site
in the project impact area


1 hourly continuous



Mechanical/automatic weather station



Rain gauge
As per IMD specifications
As per IMD specifications

Mini Sonde/SODAR
IS 5182 Part 1-20
Site specific primary data is essential



Secondary data from IMD, New Delhi

CPCB guidelines
Pollutants
        SPM

10 to 15 locations in the project impact area

24 hourly twice a week
(Please refer

Gravimetric (High-Volume)
Monitoring Network
        Minimum 2 locations in upwind side, more sites in downwind side / impact zone
        RPM

National Ambient Air Quality Standards, CPCB
Gravimetric (High-Volume with Cyclone)
        All the sensitive receptors need to be covered
        SO2

Notification dated 11th April, 1994)
EPA Modified West & Gaeke method
Measurement Methods
        NOx


Arsenite modified Jacob & Hochheiser
As per CPCB standards for NAQM, 1994
        CO

8 hourly twice a week
NDIR technique

        H2S*

24 hourly twice a week
Methylene-blue

        NH*3


Nessler�s method

        HC*


Infra Red analyser

        Fluoride*


Specific Ion meter

        Pb*




*Project Specific �������������������������������������������������������������������������� ����������� ��������

Note: For Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment one complete season data except monsoon is adequate while the comprehensive Environmental Impact Assessment Resources coverage of three seasons

Guidance for assessment of representativeness and reliability of baseline environmental attributes

Attributes
Sampling
Measurement Method
Remarks
B. Noise
Network
Frequency


        Hourly equivalent noise levels
Identified study area
Once in each season
Instrument : Noise level meter
IS:4954-1968 as adopted by CPCB
        Hourly equivalent noise levels
Inplant (1.5 metre from machinery)
Once
Instrument : Noise level meter
CPCB/OSHA
        Hourly equivalent noise levels
Highways
Once in each season
Instrument : Noise level meter
CPCB/IS:4954-1968
        Peak particle velocity
150-200m from blast site
Once
PPV meter



C.Water




Parameters for water quality
        pH, temp, turbidity, magnesium hardness, total alkalinity, chloride, sulphate, nitrate, fluoride, sodium, potassium, salinity
        Total nitrogen, total phosphorus, DO, BOD, COD, Phenol
        Heavy metals
        Total coliforms, faecal coliforms
        Phyto plankton
        Zoo plankton
        Set of grab samples during pre and post-monsoon for ground and surface water for 10 km distance
Diurnal and Season wise
Samples for water quality should be collected and analysed as per :
        IS : 2488 (Part 1-5) methods for sampling and testing of Industrial effluents
        Standard methods for examination of water and wastewater analysis published by American Public Health Association.


Guidance for assessment of representativeness and reliability of baseline environmental attributes

Attributes
Sampling
Measurement Method
Remarks

Network
Frequency


For River Bodies

        Total Carbon
        pH
        Dissolved Oxygen
        Biological Oxygen Demand
        Free NH4
        Boron
        Sodium Absorption Ratio
        Electrical Conductivity


        Standard methodology for collection of surface water (BIS standards)

        At least one grab sample per location per season


        Yield of water sources to be measured during critical season
        River Stretch within project area be divided in grids (say 1 km length and 1/3 width) and samples should be from each grid at a time when the wastewater discharged by other sources of pollution is expected to be maximum



Samples for water quality should be collected and analysed as per :
        IS : 2488 (Part 1-5) methods for sampling and testing of Industrial effluents
        Standard methods for examination of water and wastewater analysis published by American Public Health Association.


Data should be collected from relevant offices such as central water commission, state and central ground water board, Irrigation dept.



Guidance for assessment of representativeness and reliability of baseline environmental attributes

Attributes
Sampling
Measurement Method
Remarks

Network
Frequency


Parameters for wastewater characterisation
        Temp, colour, odour, turbidity, TSS, TDS
        pH, alkalinity as CaCO3, p value, M value, total hardness as CaCO3, chloride as Cl sulphate as SO4, Nitrate as N O3, Fluoride as F, Phosphate as PO4, Chromium as Cr. (Hexavalent, total) Ammonical Nitrogen as N, TKN, % sodium, BOD at 20�C, COD, DO, total residual chlorine as Cl2, oil and grease, sulphide, phenolic compound
        In plant sources
        Grab and
compositesampling
        Diurnal and season wise variation
Samples for water quality should be collected and analysed as per :
        IS : 2488 (Part 1-5) methods for sampling and testing of Industrial effluents
Standard methods for examination of water and wastewater analysis published by American Public Health Association.
All plant sources categorised as :
        Process wastewater
        ETP wastewater
        Domestic/sanitary wastewater






Contd...

Guidance for assessment of representativeness and reliability of baseline environmental attributes

Attributes
Sampling
Measurement Method
Remarks

Network
Frequency


D.Land Environment




Soil
        Particle size distribution
        Texture
        pH
        Electrical conductivity
        Cation exchange capacity
        Alkali metals
        Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR)
        Permeability
        Water holding capacity
        Porosity
One surface sample from each village, (soil samples be collected as per BIS specifications)
Seasonwise
Collected and analysed as per soil analysis reference book, M.I.Jackson and soil analysis reference book by C.A. Black

Land use/Landscape
        Location code
        Total project area
        Topography
        Drainage (natural)
        Cultivated, forest, plantations, water bodies, roads and settlements
At least 20 points along the boundary

Global positioning system


Topo sheets
Satellite Imageries* (1:25,000)
Satellite Imageries*
(1:25,000)

*Project specific


Contd...


Guidance for assessment of representativeness and reliability of baseline environmental attributes

Attributes
Sampling
Measurement Method
Remarks

Network
Frequency


Solid Waste




Domestic Waste
        Per capita contribution
        Collection, transport and disposal system
        Process waste
        Quality (oily, chemical, biological)
Grab and composite samples
Seasonwise
Guidelines
IS 9569 : 1980
IS 10447 : 1983
IS 12625 : 1989
IS 12647 : 1989
IS 12662 (PTI) 1989

Quality
        Loss on heating
        pH
        EC
        Calorific value, metals etc.
Grab and composite samples
Seasonwise
Analysis
IS 9334 : 1979
IS 9235 : 1979
IS 10158 : 1982

Hazardous Waste
        Permeability and porosity
        Moisture pH
        Electrical conductivity
        Loss on ignition
        Phosphorous
        Total nitrogen
        Cation exchange capacity
        Particle size distribution
        Heavy metal
        Arsenic
        Fluoride
Grab and composite samples

Analysis
IS 9334 : 1979
IS 9235 : 1979
IS 10158 : 1982





Contd...

Guidance for assessment of representativeness and reliability of baseline environmental attributes

Attributes
Sampling
Measurement Method
Remarks

Network
Frequency


E.Biological Environment
Aquatic
        Primary productivity
        Aquatic weeds
        Enumeration of phyto plankton, zoo plankton and benthos
        Fisheries
        Diversity indices
        Trophic levels
        Rare and endangered species
        Marine Parks/ Sanctuaries/ closed areas /coastal regulation zone (CRZ)
Terrestrial
        Vegetation-species list, economic importance, forest produce, medicinal value
        Importance value index (IVI) of trees
        Fauna
        Considering probable impact, sampling points and number of samples to be decided on personal judgement within 10/25 km radius from the proposed site
        Samples to collect from upstream and downstream of discharge point, nearby tributaries at down stream, and also from dug wells close to activity site
Season wise
Standard techniques (APHA et. al. 1995, Rau and Wooten 1980) to be followed for sampling and measurement
        Seasonal sampling for aquatic biota
        One season for terrestrial biota, in addition to vegetation studies during monsoon season
        Preliminary assessment
        Microscopic analysis of plankton and me bents, studies of macro fauna, aquatic vegetation and application of indices, viz. Shannon, similarity, dominance IVI etc.
        Point quarter plot less method for terrestrial vegetation survey
Contd...

Guidance for assessment of representativeness and reliability of baseline environmental attributes


Attributes
Sampling
Measurement Method
Remarks

Network
Frequency


        Avi fauna
        Rare and endangered species
        Sanctuaries / National park / Biosphere reserve
        Migratory routes

        For forest studies, direction of wind should be considered while selecting forests


        Secondary data to collect from Government offices, NGOs, published literature
        Plankton net
        Sediment dredge
        Depth sampler
        Microscope
        Field binocular
F. socio-economic




        Demographic structure
        Infrastructure resource base
        Economic resource base
        Health status : Morbidity pattern
        Cultural and aesthetic attributes
        Education
Socio-economic survey is based on proportionate, stratified and random sampling method
Minimum for two phases of the project
Primary data collection through questionnaire
Secondary data from census records, statistical hard books, topo sheets, health records and relevant official records available with Govt. agencies
 

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