In India, occupational health and safety (OSH) is primarily regulated by the Factories Act 1948 and the Mines Act 1952, with the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020 consolidating and streamlining related labor laws.

 In India, occupational health and safety (OSH) is primarily regulated by the Factories Act 1948 and the Mines Act 1952, with the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020 consolidating and streamlining related labor laws. 

Here's a more detailed breakdown:

Key Legislation and Regulations:

Factories Act, 1948: This act provides for the health, safety, and welfare of workers in factories, including provisions for pre-employment and periodic medical examinations in hazardous areas. 

Mines Act, 1952: This act focuses on the health, safety, and welfare of workers in mines. 

Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020: This code consolidates and replaces 13 labor laws related to safety, health, and working conditions, including the Factories Act, Mines Act, and others. 

Employees' State Insurance Act, 1948: This act provides for social security benefits, including compensation for work-related injuries or illnesses. 

Workmen's Compensation Act, 1923: This act provides compensation for workers who suffer injuries or diseases as a result of their employment. 

Dock Workers (Safety, Health and Welfare) Act, 1986: This act focuses on the safety, health, and welfare of dock workers. 

Other Relevant Acts: The Contract Labor (Regulation and Abolition) Act, 1970, the Inter-State Migrant Workmen (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act, 1979, and others are also relevant. 

Regulatory Bodies and Their Roles:

Ministry of Labour and Employment:

This ministry is responsible for the overall policy and implementation of OSH regulations. 

Directorate General of Factory Advice Service and Labour Institutes (DGFASLI):

This is a technical arm of the Ministry of Labour and Employment, assisting in formulating national policies on OSH in factories and ports. 

Directorate General of Mines Safety (DGMS):

This body assists the Ministry in technical aspects of occupational health and safety in mines. 

State Governments:

State governments are responsible for the implementation of OSH regulations within their respective states. 

Occupational Safety Boards:

The Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020, sets up occupational safety boards at the national and state levels to advise on standards and regulations. 

Key Areas of Focus:

Prevention of occupational risks: This includes identifying and controlling hazards in the workplace.

Health surveillance: Monitoring the health of workers to detect potential health problems early on.

Training in safe working methods: Ensuring that workers are trained on how to work safely.

First aid: Providing adequate first aid facilities in the workplace.

Advising employers: Providing guidance to employers on aspects of occupational health and safety.