Transformer explosions are caused by rapid pressure buildup, which can stem from internal faults like insulation breakdown or short circuits, or external factors such as lightning strikes or grid surges.

 Transformer explosions are caused by rapid pressure buildup, which can stem from internal faults like insulation breakdown or short circuits, or external factors such as lightning strikes or grid surges. Overloading, poor maintenance, and oil contamination can also lead to overheating, gas formation, and subsequent explosions. These events create flammable vapors that ignite, leading to significant fires.

 

Causes of Transformer Explosions

Internal Faults:

Insulation Breakdown: Deterioration of insulation due to aging or fault conditions can lead to short circuits between coils and the transformer's core. 

Short Circuits: A short circuit in the transformer's windings or between windings and the core can draw immense current, causing overheating. 

Gas Formation: Incipient faults and contamination can produce gases within the transformer oil, increasing internal pressure. 

External Factors:

Lightning Strikes: High-voltage surges from lightning can penetrate the transformer's insulation, triggering a fire or explosion. 

Power Surges: Grid instability, like power surges, can damage the transformer and initiate failure. 

Ferroresonance: This is an abnormal electrical phenomenon that can result from switching operations and lead to insulation damage and potential explosive failure. 

Operational Factors:

Overloading: Operating a transformer beyond its designed capacity leads to overheating and potential failure. 

Inadequate Maintenance: Neglecting regular inspection and upkeep increases the risk of faults developing and escalating. 

Deterioration of Oil: Contaminated or aged insulating oil can contribute to faults and pressure buildup. 

Consequences

Pressure Buildup:

Internal faults create immense pressure inside the transformer tank, which can rupture the casing. 

Flammable Vapors:

The intense heat from internal faults causes the mineral oil to vaporize and form flammable gases. 

Fire and Explosion:

When these vapors are released and ignite, they can cause dangerous fires and explosions, spreading to surrounding areas. 

Catastrophic Failure:

The combined effect of pressure and fire can lead to a catastrophic failure of the entire transformer, posing a significant safety risk.