India’s Climate Profile

 

India’s Climate Profile

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  • Geographical Location

    South Asia

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  • Population:

    1.21 billion (Census 2011)

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  • Land Area:

    328.73 million hectares (2.4% of the global land area)

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  • Area under Agriculture (net sown area) as Percentage of the Total Geographical Area:

    42.60%

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  • Forest and Tree Cover as Percentage of the Total Geographical Area (India State of the Forest Report 2019)

    24.56%

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  • Agro-ecological Regions:

    From an environmental and bio-geographical perspective, the country can be divided into 15 agro-ecological regions:

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  • Types of Climate:

    India hosts five major climatic subtypes:

    • Hot dry in the west

    • Warm humid in the Deccan region

    • Composite across the upper Gangetic plains and central India

    • Temperate in certain hilly patches within the Deccan region

    • Cold in the Himalayan region across north and north-east India

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  • Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions Profile:

    In 2016 India’s total GHG emissions, excluding Land Use Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) were 2,838.89 million tonne CO2e and 2,531.07 million tonne CO2e with the inclusion of LULUCF.

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  • Per capita GHG Emissions:

    India’s per capita GHG emissions (including LULUCF) in 2016, were 1.96 tCO2e which is less than one third of the world’s per capita GHG emissions (6.55 t CO2e) (CAIT database, 2020) for the same year.

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  • Key Emitting Sectors:

    Energy, Transportation, Construction

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  • Sector-wise Contribution:

    • Energy – 75.01%

    • Agriculture – 14.37%

    • Industrial process – 7.98%

    • Waste – 2.65%

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  • Key Climate Risks:

    Floods, Droughts, Heat Waves, Cold Waves and Cyclones

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  • Vulnerable Sectors:

    Agriculture & FoodWaterCoastalHealthForests & other natural ecosystems

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  • Nodal Ministry:Ministry of Environment Forest & Climate Change (MoEFCC)