GROSE'S MULTIPLE CAUSATION THEORY
As per this theory many contributing factors
combine together UK random fashion, causing accidents. Such
factors should be identified. Mostly man, machine and
media interact with each other to generate causes for accident and management
has to identify them and provide necessary safety measures.
In this theory
1. Man includes- workers, public etc.
2. Machine includes- equipment, vehicle etc.
3. Media
includes- environment, weather, roadways etc.
4. Management
means within which above three parameters operate i.e. to be controlled by the
management.
Characteristics of –
1. Man
includes- age, sex, height, skill level, training, motivation etc.
2. Machine
includes- size, weight, speed, shape, material of constriction, energy etc.
3. Media includes- pressure, temperature, content, contaminants,
obstruction on road etc.
4. Management
includes- structure, style, policy,procedure, communication etc.
Simple example of this theory is a man
slipping due to walking on a banana skin lying on .the road. Here main
contributing factors are as under:
Man - A man walking on the road. Machine or
object or vehicle - Slipprery banana skin.
Media - Hard road.
All above causes are interacting with each
other to lead to the accident. Absence of any one cause can avoid the accident
This indicates that slippery banana skin should be removed from the road or man
should be more attentive for not walking on it or the road should not be so
hard to cause slipping.
Let us take another example of a worker
falling from a ladder. As per the domino theory an investigation is as under :
As per the multiple causation theory some of
the contributing factors surrounding this accident can be found out by
asking :
1. Why was the defect in ladder not found in
normal (past) inspections?
2. Why did the supervisor allow its use? Why did
he not get it repaired urgently?
3. Didn't the injured worker know he shouldn't
use it?
4. Was he properly trained or not?
5. Was he reminded or cautioned?
6. Did and do the supervisor examine the job
first?
The answers to these and similar questions
would suggest the following measures:
1. An improved inspection procedure.
2. Repairing
the ladder (machine-tool, job etc.) immediately i.e. not waiting for an
accident.
3. Improved training and supervision.
4. Better fixation of responsibilities.
5. Pre job planning and checking by supervisors.
Thus application of the multiple causation
theory leads us to deep causation analysis and improved management systems are
suggested to eradicate the problem from its origin. The range and depths of the
multiple causation factors provide much details of long-run safety measures.
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