Thursday 22 November 2012

PRINCIPLES OF POWER BOILERS

What is power boiler as defined by ASME Code Section I?

What is low pressure boiler?

What is a high-temperature hot water boiler?
What is a miniature boiler? If HT, at what pressure shall this boiler subjected to?
What is design pressure?
What is working pressure?

What are the two types of power boilers?
What are the components that comprise the critical pressure parts of the boiler? Describe three terms used to indicate boiler output.
What is boiler horsepower?

How do you calculate boiler kilowatt for a boiler with a feed water temperature of 70oC and a pressure of 10.34 bars? The boiler is rated at 4,535 kg/hr.
Explain and illustrate the three modes of heat transfer in watertube boilers. NEW 2ND EDITION  
How does the boiler pressure and boiling of water in the tubes affect heat transfer? NEW 2ND EDITION  
What is the difference between gage pressure and absolute pressure? NEW 2ND EDITION  
Explain and illustrate the three modes of heat transfer in watertube boilers. NEW 2ND EDITION  
How does the boiler pressure and boiling of water in the tubes affect heat transfer? NEW 2ND EDITION  
What is the difference between gage pressure and absolute pressure? NEW 2ND EDITION  
What is “heating surface” of a boiler?

Between a watertube and a firetube boiler, which has more heating surface, and why?

What are two types of boiler heating surfaces in water tube boilers?
What are the basic differences between the two heating surfaces and the advantages and disadvantages?

What are the differences between watertube and firetube boilers?

What are utility boilers? What are industrial boilers?

What is the difference between the tubesheet in water-tube and fire-tube boiler?
What do you understand by boiler setting?
How does water circulate in watertube boiler?

What is the difference between internally and externally fired boilers?

What are the advantages of watertube boilers?
Sketch and describe a solid-fuel watertube boiler with a superheater.  Show all the path of the flue gases.

What is a straight-tube boiler?

How many types of tubes are there in a watertube boiler?
What is a bent-tube boiler?

What is the weakest area (in regards to construction) of a bent tube watertube boiler?
What is a solid-waste boiler and what are common solid-waste fuels used?  What is the volatile content of each solid fuel?
Discuss the solid fuels used in steam boilers of palm oil mills.

What is the importance of water circulation in a steam boiler?
What is the function of water-wall tubes?
What is the advantage of having the furnace walls cooled by water-wall tubes?
What are the arrangements of waterwall tubes in the furnace?
Why is the mud drum thicker?
What are the main functions of baffles in watertube boiler?
What factors should be considered in designing a baffle?

Watertube boilers rely on baffles for proper heat distribution across tube banks.  Do firetube boilers have baffles?

What would happen if baffles were broken?
Can you use a manhole cover not made by the boiler manufacture, yes or no?

What is a sub-critical boiler?
What is a supercritical boiler?
Describe a once-through supercritical boiler.  State the advantages over sub-critical boilers?

What are the advantages of super-critical boiler compared to the conventional sub-critical boiler?
Some boilers employ “steam washing” in the steam drum.  What do you understand by “steam washing”?

What is a steam separator?
Sketch and describe 3 types of boiler drum steam separators that you are familiar with.

What are wet bottom boiler (WBB) and dry bottom boiler (DBB)?

Between the wet bottom boiler and dry bottom boiler, which one is more efficient?
In the firetube boiler construction, the pressure is limited to 25 bars while the capacity is limited to 35 Mt/hr.  State the reasons why.
How many types are firetube boilers?
What is packaged boiler? What are the features of this boiler?
Sketch and describe a three-pass reverse flame (timble) firetube boiler.  Show the path of the flue gases.

Draw a cross-sectional view of a package firetube boiler and indicate all passes.  Indicate the temperature at each pass.
Sketch and describe firetube boilers of wet-back and dry-back design.  State the advantages and disadvantages of each boiler.

Why are some furnaces of firetube boilers corrugated? Justify your answer by stating the advantages and disadvantages.

On fire-tube boilers, why do the upper ends of tubes in vertical type boilers, which are not covered with water, do not burn out?

What is cast-iron boiler? Relate with your local code of jurisdiction on use of cast-iron in boiler fittings.
Cast iron boiler is better resistant to corrosion compared to boiler steel, but why cast iron boiler is not favorable?

What is the function of spiral agitator (turbulator) in a fire tube boiler?
Where are turbulators installed in a fire-tube boiler? And why?
Can turbulators cause problem for a coal-fired fire-tube boiler?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of using turbulators in fuel oil-fired boilers?
Why dry saturated steam is preferred over wet or superheated steam for process?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of superheated steam?

What are types of superheaters? Explain the arrangement of superheater tubes in a water-tube boiler.
Are superheaters included in heating surface of a boiler?

Can superheater be fitted to a fire-tube boiler?
What fittings are essentials to superheater?
What are the differences between drainable and non-drainable superheaters?
What is a de-superheater and how is it different with attemporator? What is an economizer? Describe the operation of an economizer?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of economizers?
With the aid of sketches, show a boiler with and without an economizer.  Compare and explain the resulting temperature changes and fuel saved for the two situations mentioned.
What is the purpose of air pre-heater?
What are types of air pre-heaters?
Which one is better, the regenerative or plain tubular type air pre-heater?
In your opinion, which has greater saving, the economizer or the air pre-heater?
What are the causes and problem normally encountered in air pre-heater?
How to prevent such problems in air-preheater?
What is reheater?
What is the difference between reheater and superheater?
Why steam condensate recovery is important? Explain.
How does a blowdown or flash vessel work?
When is it required to have a blowoff tank and what are the requirements?
What is a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG)?
What is a typical structure of HRSG in co-generation system and how does it work?
Explain the conditions under which cogeneration can be beneficial.  

It is recommended to avoid whenever possible operating boiler at low fire due to poor overall efficiency.  Can you prove that the boiler efficiency is low at low firing rate?
What is meant by boiler efficiency?
What is the simplest way to calculate boiler efficiency? Give an example in your answer.
What are other methods to calculate boiler efficiency, besides the simple calculation? Give an example in your answer.
How can you improve boiler efficiency? Explain your justification.
What are headers in boiler proper and describe their purposes?
Draw a steam header that you are familiar with.  What are the necessary fittings on the header? Can a steam header act as a buffer for steam in case of sudden steam demand?

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