Diabetes Awareness programme at NFCL organised BY Site in charge sir SHRI GVS ANAND Sir and HPD SHRI GVRK RAJU SIR LECTURE DELIVERED BY Dr. Nunna Narasimha Rao SRI HOSPTAL KAKINADA

Diabetes Awareness programme at NFCL organised BY Site in charge sir SHRI GVS ANAND Sir and HPD SHRI GVRK RAJU SIR LECTURE DELIVERED BY Dr. Nunna Narasimha Rao SRI HOSPTAL KAKINADA IN THE PRESENCE OF SHRI VS SUNDER SIR, SHRI PHN REDDY SIR, SHRI BHSN RAJU SIR , DR SUBBA RAO GARU, AND 90+ASSOCIATES ATTENDED THIS  AWARENESS PROGRAMME.

Sri Hospitals, Kakinada

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Name

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Sri Hospitals

Caption

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Multi specialty Hospital & Diabetic centre

Contact Person

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Nunna Narasimha Rao

Address

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D.NO:2-24-8, Srinagar., Bhanugudi Junction, Kakinada - 03

Landmark

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Opp to janmaboomi park

Opening hours

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10:00 a.m. To 2:00 p.m.

 and 6:00 p.m.  To 9:00 p.m.

Diabetes mellitus is a very common disease, one of the most widespread chronic health conditions in the world. At least 50% of all diabetics are unaware of their condition; and in some countries, this figure may reach 80%. Upto 11% of India’s urban population and 3% of the rural population above the age of 15 have diabetes. But, the good news is that upto 80% of type-2 diabetes cases can be prevented by lifestyle changes like adopting a healthy diet and increasing physical activity.

Diabetes – Myths & Facts

 Diabetes – Myths & Facts 
Diabetes is a contagious disease…Eating too much of sugar causes Diabetes…If you have Diabetes then you can never eat sugar…If you don’t have a family history of Diabetes then you will never get Diabetes…Insulin cures Diabetes…and the list goes on. 
Can you differentiate between the myths and facts related to diabetes? If no, then you are the one amongst those diabetics who is lost in the huge list of these myths. So, get yourself acquainted with the diabetes facts so that the next time you can decide what is right for your health. 

Some Common Myths & Facts… 
Myth: Eating too much sugar causes diabetes. 
Fact: Diabetes is not caused by eating too much sugar. Type 1 diabetes is caused by a destruction of the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas, which is not related to sugar consumption. Type 2 diabetes results from the body’s inability to respond to insulin normally. The tendency to get type 2 diabetes is genetically inherited in most cases. With a guided exercise regime and following a planned diet, the average person can eat sweets in limited quantities. 

Myth: Diabetes is a contagious disease. 
Fact: Diabetes is not contagious. Diabetes is an endocrine disease and is caused due to problem with the amounts of insulin produced by the beta cells in the pancreas. Diabetes tends to have an inherited trait that runs in families. 

Myth: If you are a diabetic then you can never eat sugar again. 
Fact: The management of carbohydrate intake (not just sugar) is a critical part of diabetes management as diabetes affects the entire body. Diabetics can eat sweets, but sugary treats must be part of a careful meal plan along with a balanced medication and exercise regime. This will help you keep your blood sugar levels near normal, feel healthy and prevent long term complications. 

Myth: Children with diabetes can never eat sweets. 
Fact: Children having diabetes can eat a certain amount of sugary food as part of a balanced diet, but they need to control the total amount of carbohydrates intake, which includes sugary treats. As sweets provide no real nutritional value other than calories, they should be limited but not necessarily eliminated. 

Myth: If you are good in maintaining your blood glucose levels and if you feel fine then you don’t have to go for check ups.
Fact: High or low blood sugar doesn’t always produce symptoms. Regular monitoring is the only way to know your blood sugar levels. Diabetes is always serious. You need to take proper medications along with appropriately planned diet and exercise. You may be good in maintaining it but that is no reason to escape regular health checkups.

Myth: Diabetics can feel whether their blood sugar levels are high or low.
Fact: There is no way for sure that will tell you your blood glucose levels except for testing them. A person with diabetes may feel physical symptoms (such as extreme thirst, weakness, or fatigue) if blood sugar levels are high or low. But some people may not show symptoms when their blood glucose is too high or low. And also as some of the symptoms of high and low blood glucose are similar, it may be difficult to know what these symptoms mean. The only way to be sure is to check your blood glucose levels. 

Myth: High blood sugar levels are normal for some people and they aren't really a sign of diabetes.
Fact: High blood sugar levels are never normal. Certain conditions and certain medications may temporarily raise the blood sugar levels in people without diabetes. But people who have higher than normal blood sugar levels or sugar in their urine should be checked for diabetes by a doctor. 

Myth: It’s possible to have just ‘slight’ diabetes.
Fact: There is nothing like ‘slight’ diabetes. Either you will have diabetes or you won’t. Any diabetic condition (type-1 or type-2) demands medical attention and careful lifestyle choices. 

Myth: If you don’t have a family history of diabetes then you won’t get it.
Fact: Diabetes tends to be an inherited trait that runs in families. It increases the chances of some people of developing diabetes than the others. But plenty of people diagnosed with the disease don’t have a family history of diabetes. Weight and lifestyle are factors playing a major role in someone acquiring diabetes. 

Myth: Diabetes is not easy to control. 
Fact: Diabetes is metabolic disorder which is not curable. But it can be controlled when patients properly manage their meals, exercise, and take the right medications. With the proper guidance and education, patients can prevent and/or minimize many of the more serious complications that diabetes causes. 

Myth: Insulin cures diabetes. 
Fact: Diabetes is a metabolic disorder and diabetes is not a curable disease. Taking insulin helps in managing diabetes, but does not cure it. Insulin helps in utilizing the glucose in the body to be used for producing energy. This helps in keeping the blood sugar levels under control, but taking insulin doesn't correct the underlying cause. 

Myth: All people with diabetes need to take insulin always. 
Fact: All people with type 1 diabetes have to take insulin injections as their pancreases don’t produce insulin. Some, but not all, people with type 2 diabetes have to take insulin with or without pills to manage their blood sugar levels as advised by their physician. 

Myth: Tablets or pills for diabetes are a form of insulin. 
Fact: Diabetes medicines taken orally are not a form of insulin. Insulin is a protein that would be broken down or destroyed by the acids and digestive enzymes in the stomach and intestines if taken orally. Insulin is delivered via injections, inhalers or patches but not orally. 

Myth: Taking more insulin means your diabetes is getting worse. 
Fact: Many factors affect blood sugar levels like diet, exercise, and also, the time of the day. Therefore, insulin doses are required to be continuously adjusted to help a person keep his or her blood sugar levels in a healthy range. Your doctor will guide you with the right insulin dosages. 

Myth: Children can outgrow diabetes. 
Fact: Children never outgrow diabetes. In cases of type 1 diabetes, the cells of the pancreas that produce insulin are destroyed. Once they are destroyed, they will never produce insulin again. Kids with type 1 diabetes will always need to take insulin (until a cure is found). Although in kids with type 2 diabetes, an improvement in their blood sugar levels may be seen after puberty or with lifestyle adjustments, they will probably always have a tendency toward having high blood sugar levels, especially if they are physically inactive or gain too much weight.

10 Interesting Diabetes Facts 

The diabetes facts below will give you much information related to one of the deadliest diseases in the world. Many people pass away because of this disease. The effort of the scientists to find the perfect cure is still developed from time to time. It seems that diabetes is powerful enough to take human life. In this post I will show you 10 interesting diabetes facts which can increase your knowledge about it.
1.India
The first point of diabetes facts tells you about India. Based on the current research, it is stated that more than 40 million Indian people are living with diabetes. This number will increase by 2025. The scientists predict that the disease may affect 70 million people in India. There is no need to wonder when some people call India as the diabetic capital of the planet.

Diabetes facts: diabetes logo

2.silent epidemic
This disease is considered as silent epidemic. Based on the WHO data, the people living with diabetes worldwide come in the number of 246 people. It means that it affects 6 percent of adult people in the earth.

Diabetes facts: diabetes medicine

3.Diabetes type 2
Diabetes type 2 is more dangerous than diabetes type 1. More than 90 per cent of the people affected by diabetes type 2 are the middle aged people. The type 2 is called as maturity onset type. The type 1 usually is called as juvenile diabetes. It has affected the children under 15 years old.

Diabetes facts: Diabetes type 2

4.Cost for diabetes treatment
The cash that you have to spend to treat diabetes is not a little. It is estimated that 215 up to 375 billion dollar is needed to pay the entire diabetes treatment bill. The developing countries are the worst victim of diabetes since they live in poor condition with low income to support the treatment.

Diabetes facts: diabetes patient

5.Diabetes in Asia
The first point of diabetes facts tells you about diabetes in Asia. The growth of this disease in Asia is high. Compared to the white people, the rate of the diabetes for the Asian people is five times higher.

Diabetes facts: diabetes test

6.Kidney failure
Diabetes is a frightening disease. It can lead into some complication which make parts of your organ cannot function well. Based on the research, diabetes is the primary cause of kidney failure. Moreover, more than five million adults get blind because of this disease. You can also have some other acute diseases like stroke, heart disease and cataract.

Diabetes facts: exercise

7.Central obesity
What make the people experience diabetes? It is stated that obesity is the main cause. If your body looks like an apple, you should work hard to make it in shape unless you want to catch by diabetes.

Diabetes facts: healthy cycle

8.Silent killer disease
Diabetes is considered as a silent killer disease. People who have diabetessometimes do not feel anything about it since the symptoms are rarely occurred. Probably, you need to perform a complete test to know about it.

Diabetes facts: healthy food

9.Diabetes and death
The number of death caused by diabetes is so high. In a minute, it is reported that six people die because of this disease. In a year, more than 3.2 million people get killed because of this silent killer.

Diabetes facts: insulin

10.Primary cause
The primary cause of having diabetes is the sedentary life style. If you want to avoid this disease, you need to work out regularly. It can reduce the ratio for having diabetes up to 50 per cent. You need to exercise at least twice a week.

Diabetes facts: type 1 diabetes

Top 10 diabetes symptoms. 

Diabetes, specifically type 2 diabetes, is a lifestyle disease that has invaded the modern day lifestyle. Lack of proper nutrition, absence of portion control, and failure to exercise adds up to this debilitating and life threatening condition that is taken far too lightly by far too many. Additionally, unawareness about diabetes symptoms and late detection make diabetes an even tougher prospect to beat. To help you understand diabetes symptoms and check them well in time, today Dr Sanjiv Bhambani - Consultant, Endocrinology and Diabetology, Moolchand Medcity - gives us the top 10 diabetes symptoms. If you suspect any of these symptoms for yourself or loved ones, consult a doctor today...

1. Disproportionate increase of thirst and urination: Excessive thirst and frequent urination is one most commonly noticed symptom among diabetics. Due to high secretion of fluids by the kidney, the body becomes dehydrated and starts craving for the essential amount of fluid to function properly.

2. Excessive hunger: As the insulin level in the blood is disproportionate, body cells do not get energy to perform day-to day activities. Thus, the body may react by trying to find more energy, resulting in unusual hunger.

3. Sudden weight loss: Fluctuation in weight without any efforts like exercise or diet management could be a ringing alarm for diabetes. Due to the body’s incapability to absorb glucose and frequent urination, the patient (usually of type I diabetes) loses weight at a faster rate.

4. Fatigue: In diabetic patients, glucose is unable to enter into the cells of the body and due to decreased supply of energy in the body, the patient feels tired and irritated.

5. Slow-healing wounds: For patients suffering from diabetes even a minor scratch or wound takes a long time to heal due to the impaired immune system of the body.  In women, bladder and vaginal infections are especially common.

6. Blurred vision: High levels of glucose damages blood vessels and pulls fluid from the lenses of eyes and affect the ability to see and if ignored for a long time can even cause blindness.

7. Dry skin: Dry or itchy skin may result from peripheral neuropathy which affects circulation and proper functioning of sweat gland function.

8. Tingling hands and feet: Excess blood sugar levels damages blood vessels and nerves. This leads to a loss of sensation in the hands and feet, as well as a burning pain in your arms, hands, legs and feet due to loss of motor nerve fiber.

9. More skin and/or yeast infections: High glucose levels result in slower recover from infections. Women with diabetes find it especially difficult to recover from bladder and vaginal infections.

10. Headaches

“Diabetes is a serious condition that kills more people than other deadly diseases like AIDS and cancer.  If the above mentioned symptoms are identified soon, then treatment can be started early.  Thus, one is advised to follow an active lifestyle that includes adequate exercise, on a daily basis, as well as healthy eating habits.”

Cardiovascular disease risk factors 

The majority of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is caused by risk factors that can be controlled, treated or modified, such as high blood pressure, cholesterol, overweight/obesity, tobacco use, lack of physical activity and diabetes. However, there are also some major CVD risk factors that cannot be controlled.

In terms of attributable deaths, the leading CVD risk factor is raised blood pressure (to which 13 per cent of global deaths is attributed), followed by tobacco use (9 per cent), raised blood glucose (6 per cent), physical inactivity (6 per cent) and overweight and obesity (5 per cent).
Modifiable risk factors
Hypertension (high blood pressure)
Blood pressure is measured as two numbers, written one over the other and recorded in millimetres of mercury – for example, 120/78 mm Hg. The top (higher) number is the systolic pressure – the pressure in the arteries as the heart is contracting – and the bottom (lower) number is the diastolic pressure – the pressure in the arteries when the heart is relaxed between beats. High blood pressure is defined as a repeatedly elevated systolic pressure of 140 or higher OR a diastolic pressure of 90 or higher.

• Globally, nearly one billion people have high blood pressure (hypertension); of these, two-thirds are in developing countries.
• Hypertension is one of the most important causes of premature death worldwide and the problem is growing; in 2025, an estimated 1.56 billion adults will be living with hypertension.
• Hypertension is the leading cause of CVD worldwide.
• People with hypertension are more likely to develop complications of diabetes.
• High blood pressure is called the “silent killer" because it often has no warning signs or symptoms, and many people do not realize they have it; that is why it's important to get blood pressure checked regularly.

Tobacco use

• Smoking is estimated to cause nearly 10 per cent of all CVD.
• The risk of developing CVD is higher in female smokers, young men, and heavy smokers.There are currently about 1 billion smokers in the world today.
• Within two years of quitting, the risk of coronary heart disease is substantially reduced, and within 15 years the risk of CVD returns to that of a non-smoker.

 Raised blood glucose (diabetes)

• Diabetes is defined as having a fasting plasma glucose value of 7.0 mmol/l (126 mg/dl) or higher.
• In 2008, diabetes was responsible for 1.3 million deaths globally.
• In 2008, the global prevalence of diabetes was estimated to be 10 per cent.
• CVD accounts for about 60 per cent of all mortality in people with diabetes.
• The risk of cardiovascular events is from two to three times higher in people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes and the risk is disproportionately higher in women.
• In some age groups, people with diabetes have a two-fold increase in the risk of stroke.
• Patients with diabetes also have a poorer prognosis after cardiovascular events compared to people without diabetes.
• Cardiovascular risk increases with raised glucose values.
• Lack of early detection and care for diabetes results in severe complications, including heart attacks, strokes, renal failure, amputations and blindness.
• Primary care access to measurement of blood glucose and cardiovascular risk assessment as well as essential medicines including insulin can improve health outcomes of people with diabetes.

Physical inactivity

• Insufficient physical activity can be defined as less than five times 30 minutes of moderate activity per week, or less than three times 20 minutes of vigorous activity per week, or equivalent.1
• Insufficient physical activity is the fourth leading risk factor for mortality.1
• Approximately 3.2 million deaths and 32.1 million DALYs – representing about 2.1 per cent of global DALYs – each year are attributable to insufficient physical activity.1
• People who are insufficiently physically active have a 20 to 30 per cent increased risk of all-cause mortality compared to those who engage in at least 30 minutes of moderate intensity physical activity most days of the week.1
• In 2008, 31.3 per cent of adults aged 15 or older (28.2 per cent men and 34.4 per cent women) were insufficiently physically active.1
• The prevalence of insufficient physical activity is higher in high-income countries compared to low-income countries due to increased automation of work and use of vehicles for transport in high-income countries.1
• High-income countries have more than double the prevalence of insufficient physical activity compared to low-income countries for both men and women, with 41 per cent of men and 48 per cent of women being insufficiently physically active in high-income countries compared to 18 per cent of men and 21 per cent of women in low-income countries.

Unhealthy diet

• High dietary intakes of saturated fat, trans-fats and salt, and low intake of fruits, vegetables and fish are linked to cardiovascular risk.
• Approximately 16 million (1.0 per cent) DALYs and 1.7 million (2.8 per cent) of deaths worldwide are attributable to low fruit and vegetable consumption.
• The amount of dietary salt consumed is an important determinant of blood pressure levels and overall cardiovascular risk and the WHO recommends a population salt intake of less than 5 grams/person/day to help the prevention of CVD.
• Frequent consumption of high-energy foods, such as processed foods that are high in fats and sugars, promotes obesity compared to low-energy foods.
• High consumption of saturated fats and trans-fatty acids is linked to heart disease; elimination of trans-fat and replacement of saturated with polyunsaturated vegetable oils lowers coronary heart disease risk.
• Adequate consumption of fruit and vegetables reduces the risk of CVD.
• A healthy diet can contribute to a healthy body weight, a desirable lipid profile and a desirable blood pressure.
• It is estimated that decreasing dietary salt intake from the current global levels of 9–12 grams/day to the recommended level of 5 grams/day would have a major impact on blood pressure and CVD.

Cholesterol/lipids

• Raised blood cholesterol increases the risk of heart disease and stroke.
• Globally, one third of ischaemic heart disease is attributable to high cholesterol.
• Overall, raised cholesterol is estimated to cause 2.6 million deaths (4.5 per cent of total) and 29.7 million DALYS, or 2 per cent of total DALYS globally.
• In 2008, the prevalence of raised total cholesterol among adults – defined as total cholesterol of 6.2 mmol/l (240 mg/dl) or higher – was 9.7 per cent (8.5 per cent for males and 10.7 per cent for females).1
• Lowering raised blood cholesterol reduces the risk of heart disease.
• In 2008, the global prevalence of raised total cholesterol among adults was 39 per cent (37 per cent for males and 40 per cent for females).
• The prevalence of raised total cholesterol noticeably increases according to the income level of the country.  In low-income countries, around 25 per cent of adults have raised total cholesterol, while in high-income countries, over 50 per cent of adults have raised total cholesterol.

Overweight and obesity

• Obesity is strongly related to major cardiovascular risk factors such as raised blood pressure, glucose intolerance, type 2 diabetes and dyslipidaemia.
• Worldwide, at least 2.8 million people die each year as a result of being overweight or obese, and an estimated 35.8 million (2.3 per cent) of global DALYs are caused by overweight or obesity.
• In 2008, 34 per cent of adults over the age of 20 were overweight with a body mass index (BMI, a measure of weight relative to height).
• In 2008, 9.8 per cent of men and 13.8 per cent of women were obese (with a BMI greater than or equal to 30 kg/m2), compared to 4.8 per cent for men and 7.9 per cent for women in 1980.
• To achieve optimal health, the median BMI for adult populations should be in the range of 21–23 kg/m2, while the goal for individuals should be to maintain a BMI in the range 18.5–24.9 kg/m2.
• The prevalence of raised BMI increases with income level of countries, up to upper-middle-income levels. The prevalence of overweight in high-income and upper-middle-income countries was more than double that of low- and lower-middle-income countries.
• For obesity, the difference more than triples from 7 per cent obesity for both males and females in lower-middle-income countries to 24 per cent in upper-middle- income countries.

Non-modifiable risk factors
In addition to the modifiable risk factors, there are some risk factors that cannot be changed.  However, people in these high-risk categories should receive regular check-ups.
Age

• CVD becomes increasingly common with advancing age. As a person gets older, the heart undergoes subtle physiologic changes, even in the absence of disease.
• The heart muscle of the aged heart may relax less completely between beats, and as a result, the pumping chambers become stiffer and may work less efficiently.
• When a condition like CVD affects the heart, these age-related changes may compound the problem or its treatment.

Gender

• A man is at greater risk of heart disease than a pre-menopausal woman. Once past the menopause, a woman’s risk is similar to a man’s.  Risk of stroke, however, is similar for men and women.

Family history

• A family’s history of CVD indicates a person’s risk. If a first-degree blood relative has had coronary heart disease or stroke before the age of 55 years (for a male relative) or 65 years (for a female relative), the risk increases.