Focus on fundamental safety definitions, risk assessment techniques, and practical incident management

 Focus on fundamental safety definitions, risk assessment techniques, and practical incident management. Key topics include distinguishing hazards from risks, implementing the hierarchy of controls, and explaining safety protocols like Lockout/Tagout (LOTO) or Permit to Work (PTW) systems. 

What is the difference between a hazard and a risk? A hazard is anything with the potential to cause harm (e.g., electricity, chemicals), while risk is the likelihood that the hazard will cause harm, combined with the severity of that harm.

What is the Hierarchy of Controls? It is a system used to minimize or eliminate exposure to hazards, ranked from most effective to least effective: Elimination, Substitution, Engineering Controls, Administrative Controls, and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).

What is a Job Safety Analysis (JSA) or Task Risk Assessment (TRA)? A JSA is a method used to identify hazards and risks associated with a specific job, then determining the safest way to perform it.

What is a Permit to Work (PTW) system? A formal, written system used to control high-risk activities (e.g., hot work, confined space entry) to ensure all hazards are identified and safety measures are in place.

How do you define "near miss" and why is it important to report? A near miss is an unplanned event that did not result in injury or damage but had the potential to do so. Reporting them helps prevent future, more serious incidents.

What is Lockout/Tagout (LOTO)? LOTO is a safety procedure used to ensure that dangerous machines are properly shut off and not able to be started up again prior to the completion of maintenance or repair work.

What is the purpose of an Incident Investigation? The purpose is not to fix blame, but to determine the root cause of an incident to prevent recurrence.

What are safety leading and lagging indicators? Lagging indicators measure past performance (e.g., accident rates), while leading indicators are proactive measures to prevent future incidents (e.g., number of safety trainings or site inspections conducted).

What are the essential elements of a safety policy? A safety policy should include a statement of intent, definition of roles and responsibilities, and the arrangements for implementing the safety management system.

What would you do if you observed an employee not following safety rules? Stop the work immediately, address the unsafe behavior with the employee, explain the risks, and ensure they follow the proper procedure, while documenting the incident. 

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