Electrolyzer Market worth $78.01 billion by 2030

Electrolyzer Market worth $78.01 billion by 2030

According to a research report "Electrolyzers Market by Technology (Alkaline Electrolyzer, Proton Exchange Membrane, Solid Oxide Electrolyzer, Anion Exchange Membrane), Application (Energy, Mobility, Industrial, Grid Injection), Power Rating and Region - Global Forecast to 2030", the Electrolyzer market is expected to grow from an estimated in USD 3.75 billion in 2024 to USD 78.01 billion by 2030, at a CAGR of 65.9% during the forecast period. This growth mainly comes in response to supportive government initiatives that encourage renewable energy technologies as well as advancements in the electrolysis process. Electrolyzers play a crucial role in the production of hydrogen since they split water into hydrogen and oxygen using electricity that can be generated from renewable sources, such as solar and wind energies. As nations accelerate efforts to decarbonize and reduce the reliance on fossil fuels, electrolyzers are increasingly important in diverse applications involving power generation, transportation, or industrial processes. The recent interest in hydrogen fuel cells and green ammonia production further underlines the potential of the electrolyser market as the basis of global energy transition towards sustainable solutions.

Key Market Players

Siemens Energy (Germany),

Nel ASA (Norway),

thyssenkrupp nucera (Germany),

John Cockerill (Belgium),

Plug Power Inc. (US) among others...

<500 KW, by Power Rating, is expected to be the second largest market during the forecast period

The <500 kW segment dominates the electrolyzers market by power ratings in 2024 due to its suitability for decentralized and small-scale applications. These electrolyzers are widely adopted in industries such as transportation, small-scale hydrogen fueling stations, and renewable energy integration projects. Their relatively lower cost and ease of installation make them ideal for emerging economies and niche applications like hydrogen production for local use. Additionally, the growing interest in green hydrogen production, supported by renewable energy sources like solar and wind, aligns with the scalability and efficiency of <500 kW systems. Their flexibility and compatibility with distributed energy systems further drive their adoption, ensuring they remain a key segment in the market.

Anion exchange membrane, by Technology, is expected to be the largest segment during the forecast period

Anion exchange membrane (AEM) is now becoming the most rapidly growing technology in the electrolyzers market, owing to its unique combination of cost-effectiveness and performance efficiency. While PEM systems are rather expensively made using precious metal catalysts, non-precious metal catalysts are used in AEM, making them much cheaper. Besides this, the possibility of low-energy operation and compatibility with renewable sources makes it even more attractive during transition into green hydrogen. Membrane technology and scalability in the manufacturing processes further increase the efficiency of and robustness of AEM-based electrolyzers faster and make them favourites for those industries that look for low-cost, environmentally friendly hydrogen production.

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Europe is expected to be the largest region during the forecast period.

Europe is the leading region for the electrolyzer market primarily due to its strengthened commitment to decarbonization and a more developed framework for adopting renewable energy. Most European countries have launched ambitious hydrogen strategies and policies, such as the European Green Deal and the "Fit for 55" package, which give priority to the production of green hydrogen to reach net-zero emission goals. The region sees considerable investment in renewable energy infrastructure, especially solar and wind power with seamless integration with technologies such as electrolyzers. Furthermore, Europe has an impressive industrial base and proactive collaborations between governments, private enterprises, and research institutions: a confluence that helps establish innovation and the scaling of electrolyzer production. This strategic focus puts Europe at the helm of the race toward a global hydrogen economy.

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The Air Quality Index (AQI) is a color-coded tool that communicates the air quality status to the public

The Air Quality Index (AQI) is a color-coded tool that communicates the air quality status to the public

: 

Green: The air is clean and has the best air quality 

Yellow: The air is less clean than green 

Orange: The air is less clean than yellow 

Red: The air is less clean than orange and some members of the public may experience health effects 

Purple: The air is less clean than red and the risk of health effects is increased for everyone 

Maroon: The air is less clean than purple and everyone is more likely to be affected 

The AQI is calculated by converting the concentrations of pollutants into a uniform index. The EPA establishes the health benchmarks used to calculate the AQI through the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. 

The AQI is based on the health effects associated with pollutants like ground-level ozone, particle pollution, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide. Air pollution can be especially harmful to children, teens, people with asthma and other lung diseases, those over 65, those with diabetes or cardiovascular disease, and pregnant individuals.

Hydrogen and nitrogen fused for first time ever: The result is something strange and powerful

Hydrogen and nitrogen fused for first time ever: The result is something strange and powerful

by Sanusha S. 12/18/2024

hydrogen nitrogen ammonia

America, pioneer in producing energy with this form of life: This state has shocked the world

The new silent wind turbine for home that destroys solar panels: 1,500 kWh of free electricity this winter

Ammonia is the fuel for fertilizers and is also a high-energy, CO2-emitting ammonia. Researchers at the University of Illinois Chicago (UIC) with RMIT University Melbourne are advancing project-based innovative cleaner and cost-effective approaches to ammonia production.

Rethinking the Haber-Bosch process for solving ammonia’s carbon problem

Ammonia production presently involves the Haber-Bosch process, which is energy and hydrogen intensive; quite a large part of hydrogen derives from fossil fuels. Such characteristics make the ammonia industry an excellent contributor to global CO2 emissions.

A new method-lithium-mediated ammonia synthesis (LMAS) was devised and developed by the team at the University of Illinois Chicago. The main process involves using the lithium electrode in conducting reactions with nitrogen and hydrogen.

This makes temperature processes unnecessary. What really makes it different compared to others is that LMAS has the potential of drastically reducing production costs. Traditional green ammonia, for instance produced from renewable hydrogen, tends to be expensive, with prices ranging from $750 to $888 for every tonne produced.

The LMAS technology could as much as reduce this price by up to 60%, making it possible to produce ammonia for as little as $450 per tonne. This is as gigantic a boon as one can expect, especially because the key constituent used in the whole thing-the ethanol-is massively produced and relatively cheap.

This however is still very promising technology and has some critiques when it comes to cost reductions because it is debatable whether the technology would prove itself more efficient and economically sound in the long run than claimed.

Liquid metal catalyst of RMIT: Ammonia production reversed

Out here in the rest of the world, researchers at RMIT University in Melbourne are inventing a radically different concept of ammonia production. They built a liquid metal catalyst from copper and gallium for the first time for ammonia synthesis.

The ‘nano planets’ work well at lower pressure and temperature levels compared to the traditional ones since they only require 4 bars pressure and a temperature of 400 degrees C rather than the usual 200 bars and 500 degrees C.

The research shows that the method requires 20% less heat and 98% less pressure than conventional ammonia production (such as this one which is to be produced in America), which would be a great potential for energy savings. The catalyst is so efficient in splitting nitrogen and hydrogen that it allows for production on a very large scale while keeping the carbon footprint much smaller.

The process can play a very important role in the hydrogen economy, enabling ammonia to become a much safer and efficient carrier for hydrogen storage and transport. In the future, this could allow green energy to be sold rather than wasted in conversion losses associated with long-distance energy transportation.

From fertilizers to fuel: Ammonia of the future

Indeed, the ramifications of these two technologies may go beyond ammonia production. Ammonia is intended to serve an important future role as a clean shipping fuel since, it can be converted into hydrogen for use on-demand.

Apart from the liquid metal catalyst of RMIT and LMAS, they offer pathways to a more sustainable future for ammonia-reliant industries through reducing the carbon footprint associated with ammonia production. The real test, however, would be to scale these technologies up to satisfy global demand.

The lifecycle emissions of the lithium-based LMAS technology have yet to be determined, along with issues of efficiency and scalability of both methods. Nonetheless, both teams are actively improving their respective technologies. They are in collaboration with industry partners exploring the pathways of commercialization.

These cutting-edge processes in ammonia production, which rely on lithium-mediated synthesis and liquid metal catalysis, have the potential to revolutionize energy consumption, cost, and CO2 emission. They could, however difficult, contribute greatly to decarbonizing industries and make an important contribution to that most forward-looking and hopeful future (like the one discovered in a 20-million-year-old mine in Finland).

'

Green Hydrogen and the Financing Challenge

 

Green Hydrogen and the Financing Challenge

Context

Green hydrogen has emerged as a crucial pathway to decarbonize its industrial sectors, as India aims for net-zero emissions by 2070. 

However, the economics of green hydrogen production presents significant challenges, particularly in terms of financing.

About the Green Hydrogen

It is produced using renewable energy sources through a process called electrolysis, where water is split into hydrogen and oxygen using electricity generated from renewable sources such as solar, wind, or hydropower.

It does not emit greenhouse gases, making it a sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative.

India has set an ambitious target of producing 5 million metric tonnes (MMT) of green hydrogen annually by 2030.

Why Green Hydrogen?

Traditional hydrogen production methods, such as grey hydrogen (produced from fossil fuels) and blue hydrogen (produced from fossil fuels with carbon capture), still contribute to greenhouse gas emissions.

Why-Green-Hydrogen

The push for green hydrogen is driven by the need to reduce carbon emissions and combat climate change. 

Green hydrogen offers a zero-emission alternative, aligning with global climate goals.

Concerns Related To Green Hydrogen

High Production Costs: The levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) and electrolyzer costs are major factors driving up the overall production costs.

In emerging markets like India, the high cost of capital further exacerbates the financial viability of green hydrogen projects.

Disparity in Production Costs: A substantial disparity between green hydrogen production costs ($5.30-$6.70 per kg) and traditional grey/blue hydrogen production costs ($1.9-$2.4 per kg).

It makes it challenging to drive domestic offtake and attract private investment.

It creates a classic market deadlock: green hydrogen costs can only decrease with scaled production, but scaling requires viable economics.

Global Investment Barriers: By May 2024, only 27.6% of the 1,572 announced large-scale clean hydrogen projects valued at $370 billion had reached final investment decisions.

This disparity between plans and financial commitments indicates that the market’s structural barriers extend beyond technological readiness.

Technological Readiness: The adoption rates and risk factors associated with futuristic technologies pose challenges for financing and scaling up production.

Investors and financial institutions are often hesitant to fund projects that have not been tested at scale.

Key Initiatives Related To Green Hydrogen in India

National Green Hydrogen Mission: It aims to make India a leader in green hydrogen production by focusing on reducing the cost of green hydrogen production, creating demand, and establishing a certification framework for green hydrogen and its derivatives.

Financial Incentives and Pilot Projects: The mission includes financial incentives for manufacturing electrolysers and producing green hydrogen.

Pilot projects are also being funded to explore low carbon steel production, mobility solutions, and shipping applications. 

These initiatives are expected to drive innovation and reduce production costs.

Green Hydrogen Hubs: India plans to develop green hydrogen hubs to support large-scale production and utilization.

These hubs will be equipped with the necessary infrastructure and will be strategically located to maximize efficiency and reduce costs.

Mechanism Associated To Overcome High Costs

Blended Finance Models: Combining public and private capital can help lower risks and make investments in green hydrogen more attractive. Government-backed financial instruments or concessional loans can reduce borrowing costs, lowering the weighted average cost of capital (WACC).

Collaborations between the government and private sectors can help mitigate risks and ensure the financing of green hydrogen projects. Governments can provide financial support through incentives, subsidies, or tax breaks to attract private investors.

Green Bonds and Climate Financing: Issuing green bonds to raise capital for renewable energy projects can provide long-term funding at lower costs. These bonds can appeal to investors with an interest in sustainable investments.

Carbon Credits and Offtake Agreements: Green hydrogen projects could leverage carbon credits or long-term offtake agreements to secure steady revenue streams, which would increase investor confidence and help finance production scale-up.

Strategic Industrial Clusters: Creating localized industrial clusters linked to renewable energy sources can create self-sustaining hydrogen corridors in India, attracting investment and fostering integrated ecosystems.

Conclusion and Way Forward

The U.K.’s Low Carbon Hydrogen Standard Certification provides a model for building market confidence. Similarly, strategic hydrogen hubs in the U.S., Japan, and Australia reflect a shift from traditional industrial development approaches.

India needs to adopt similar approaches to overcome structural barriers and promote the growth of its green hydrogen sector.

By leveraging innovative and effective financing mechanisms and policy frameworks, India can overcome the financing challenges and establish itself as a leader in the green hydrogen sector.

Daily Mains Practice Question

[Q] Discuss the key financial challenges associated with green hydrogen projects and analyze the potential financing mechanisms that could accelerate their deployment.

Road safety -Reasons For Increase in Road Accidents

Ministry of Road Transport & Highways

azadi ka amrit mahotsav

Parliament Question: - Reasons For Increase in Road Accidents

Posted On: 18 DEC 2024 1:59PM by PIB Delhi

The Central Government publishes annual report on “Road Accidents in India” based on data received from States/ UTs. The report upto calendar year 2022 has been published.

As per the report for the year 2022, total number of road accidents on all category of roads in the country during the year 2021 and 2022 are as under:

 

Year

No. of Road accidents

2021*

4,12,432

2022

4,61,312

* - Covid affected year

As per the data received from States/UTs, road accidents occur due to multiple causes such as over speeding, use of mobile phone, drunken driving/consumption of alcohol and drug, driving on wrong side/ lane indiscipline, jumping red light, non-use of safety devices such as helmets and seat belts, vehicular condition, weather condition, road condition etc.

As per information from Department of Transport, Government of Rajasthan, total number of road accidents reported in the State of Rajasthan in the calendar year 2022 and 2023 were 23,614 and 24,705 respectively. It indicates an increase of 4.6% in road accidents in the State in the year 2023 as compared to the year 2022.

State-wise breakup of the road accidents in the country from the years 2021 and 2022 is given at Annexure-I.

The Government has formulated a multi-pronged strategy to address the issue of road safety based on 4E's i.e. Education, Engineering (both of roads and vehicles), Enforcement and Emergency Care. Various initiatives undertaken by the Government for Road Safety are detailed at Annexure-II.

Annexure-I ANNEXURE REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO PART (d) OF RAJYA SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 2647 ANSWERED ON 18TH DECEMBER, 2024 ASKED BY SHRI NEERAJ DANGI REGARDING REASONS FOR INCREASE IN ROAD ACCIDENTS

 

State-wise details of road accidents for the Calendar year 2021 and 2022

S. No.

States/UTs

2021

2022

1

Andhra Pradesh

21,556

21,249

2

Arunachal Pradesh

283

227

3

Assam

7,411

7,023

4

Bihar

9,553

10,801

5

Chhattisgarh

12,375

13,279

6

Goa

2,849

3,011

7

Gujarat

15,186

15,751

8

Haryana

9,933

10,429

9

Himachal Pradesh

2,404

2,597

10

Jharkhand

4,728

5,175

11

Karnataka

34,647

39,762

12

Kerala

33,296

43,910

13

Madhya Pradesh

48,877

54,432

14

Maharashtra

29,477

33,383

15

Manipur

366

508

16

Meghalaya

245

246

17

Mizoram

69

133

18

Nagaland

746

489

19

Odisha

10,983

11,663

20

Punjab

5,871

6,138

21

Rajasthan

20,951

23,614

22

Sikkim

155

211

23

Tamil Nadu

55,682

64,105

24

Telangana

21,315

21,619

25

Tripura

479

575

26

Uttarakhand

1,405

1,674

27

Uttar Pradesh

37,729

41,746

28

West Bengal

11,937

13,686

29

Andaman & Nicobar Islands

115

141

30

Chandigarh

208

237

31

Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu

140

196

32

Delhi

4,720

5,652

33

Jammu & Kashmir

5,452

6,092

34

Ladakh

236

374

35

Lakshadweep

4

3

36

Puducherry

1,049

1,181

Total

4,12,432

4,61,312

 

Annexure-II

ANNEXURE REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO PART (e) OF RAJYA SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 2647 ANSWERED ON 18TH DECEMBER, 2024 ASKED BY SHRI NEERAJ DANGI REGARDING REASONS FOR INCREASE IN ROAD ACCIDENTS.

Details of various initiatives undertaken by the Government in Ministry of Road Transport & Highways to address the issue of Road Safety: -

(1) Education:

Administers Road Safety Advocacy Scheme to provide financial assistance to various agencies for raising awareness about road safety and for administering road safety programs.

Observance of National Road Safety Month/Week every year for spreading awareness and strengthening road safety.

Administers a scheme for setting up of Institutes of Driving Training & Research (IDTRs), Regional Driving Training Centres (RDTCs) and Driving Training Centres (DTCs) at state/district level across the Country.

(2) Engineering :

2.1. Road engineering:

Road Safety Audit (RSA) of all National Highways (NHs) has been made mandatory through third party auditors/ experts at all stages i.e. design, construction, operation and maintenance etc.

High priority is accorded to identification and rectification of black spots /accident spots on NHs.

Road Safety Officer (RSO) has been designated at each Regional Office of road owning agencies under the Ministry to look after RSA and other road safety related works.

Administers the electronic Detailed Accident Report (e-DAR) Project to establish a central repository for reporting, management and analysis of road accidents data across the Country.

Issued guidelines for the provision of signages on Expressways and National Highways to offer improved visibility and intuitive guidance to the drivers.

Provisions have been made in the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 for failure to comply with standards for the road design, construction and maintenance, as prescribed by the Central Government from time to time.

2.2 Vehicle engineering:

Various initiatives were undertaken to make vehicles safer, including the following:-

Mandatory provision of an airbag for the passenger seated on the front seat of a vehicle, next to the driver.

Prescribed norms related to safety measures for children below four years of age, riding or being carried on a motor cycle. It also specifies use of a safety harness, crash helmet and restricts speed to 40kmph.

Mandatory provisions for fitment of following listed safety technologies: - For M1 category vehicles:

Seat Belt Reminder (SBR) for driver and co-driver.

Manual Override for central locking system

Over speed warning system. For all M and N category vehicles:

Reverse Parking Alert System

Mandated Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS) for certain classes of L [Motor vehicle with less than four wheels and includes a Quadricycle], M [Motor vehicles with at least four wheels used for carrying passengers] and N [Motor vehicles with at least four wheels used for carrying goods which may also carry persons in addition to goods, subject to conditions stipulated in BIS standards] categories.

Mandated speed limiting function/speed limiting device in all transport vehicles, except for two wheelers, three wheelers, quadricycles, fire tenders, ambulances and police vehicles.

Published the rules for recognition, regulation and control of Automated Testing Stations, which define the procedure for fitness testing of vehicles through automated equipment and the procedure for grant of fitness certificate by ATSs. The rules have been further amended on 31.10.2022 and 14.03.2024.

Formulated the Vehicle Scrapping Policy based on incentives/dis-incentives and for creating an ecosystem to phase out old, unfit and polluting vehicles.

A Scheme to set up one model Inspection & Certification Centre in each State/UT with Central assistance for testing the fitness of vehicles through an automated system.

Published rules regarding the Bharat New Car Assessment Program (BNCAP) to introduce the concept of safety rating of passenger cars and empower consumers to take informed decisions.

Published rules regarding prescribed level playing field in the area of manufacturing of buses by Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) and Bus Body Builders.

Mandated vehicles, manufactured on or after 1st October, 2025, shall be fitted with an air- conditioning system for the cabin of vehicles of N2 (goods vehicle with gross vehicle weight exceeding 3.5 tonnes but not exceeding 12.0 tonnes) and N3 (goods vehicle with gross vehicle weight exceeding 12.0 tonnes) category.

Published rules for revision of standards for Safety Belt, Restraint Systems and Safety Belt Reminder to provide provisions for applicability of revised standards for safety belt assemblies, safety belt anchorages and the installation of Safety Belts and Restraint Systems, in Motor vehicles of category M, N and L7 w.e.f. 01st April, 2025. Further, the vehicles of category M1, manufactured on and after the 1st April 2025, shall meet the requirement of safety belt reminder for all front facing rear seats as per AIS-145-2018.

(3) Enforcement:

The Motor Vehicles (Amendment) Act, 2019 as stands implemented provides for strict penalties for ensuring compliance and enhancing deterrence for violation of traffic rules and strict enforcement through use of technology.

Issued rules for Electronic Monitoring and Enforcement of Road Safety. The rules specify the detailed provisions for placement of electronic enforcement devices on high risk & high density corridors on National Highways, State Highways and critical junctions in Million plus cities in India and cities under National Clean Air Programme (NCAP).

On 10th June, 2024, has issued an advisory to all the States and Union territories on technological interventions for ensuring compliance with Motor Vehicle Act, 1988.

(4) Emergency care:

Published rules for the protection of Good Samaritan, who in good faith, voluntarily and without expectation of any reward or compensation renders emergency medical or non-medical care or assistance at the scene of an accident to the victim or transports such victim to the hospital.

Enhanced compensation of victims of Hit and Run motor accidents (from Rs.12,500 to Rs.50,000 for grievous hurt and from Rs.25,000 to Rs.2,00,000 for death).

The National Highways Authority of India has made provisions for ambulances with paramedical staff/Emergency Medical Technician/Nurse at toll plazas on the completed corridor of National Highways.

Government in Ministry of Road Transport & Highways along with National Health Authority (NHA), has implemented a pilot program for providing cashless treatment to victims of road accidents in Chandigarh Haryana, Punjab, Uttarakhand, Puducherry and Assam.

This information was given by the The Union Minister of Road Transport & Highways, Shri Nitin Gadkari in a written reply in Rajya Sabha today.

**

ISTS scheme for green hydrogen plants in Kakinada approved

Gateway to Power Transmission & Distribution

ISTS scheme for green hydrogen plants in Kakinada approved

T&D India T&D India

The National Committee on Transmission (NCT) has approved an interstate transmission system (ISTS) scheme for feeding RE power to upcoming green hydrogen/ammonia plants in Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh.

The scheme has been approved for development under the tariff-based competitive bidding (TBCB) route, with PFC Consulting Ltd (PFCCL) named as the bid process coordinator.

Officially called “Transmission system for proposed green hydrogen/green ammonia projects in Kakinada area (Phase-I),” this ISTS scheme is estimated to cost Rs.1,618.50 crore and will have an implementation period of 24 months from SPV transfer date.

The major elements of this ISTS-TBCB scheme include:

A new 765/400kV, 3×1500 MVA substation (GIS) at Kakinada along with 1×240 MVAr bus reactor

LILO of existing 765kV double-circuit Vemagiri-Srikakulam line at the proposed Kakinada GIS substation (running length: 20 km)

±300 MVAr STATCOM with 2×125 MVAr MSC at Kakinada 765/400 kV GIS substation, with control switching arrangement for proposed 1×240 MVAr bus reactor

Upcoming green hydrogen/ammonia units in Kakinada area are estimated to generate a demand of around 6,000 MW by 2030. Application for GNA connectivity has been received from AM Green Ammonia (India) Pvt Ltd. This entity has sought 700 MW ISTS connectivity as bulk consumer by July 2026, and a further 1,300 MW by July 2027. The ISTS scheme under discussion essentially seeks to feed RE power to AM Green Ammonia (India) Pvt Ltd, and to other developers in future

It may also be noted that the Kakinada substation will be of the GIS type, in keeping with recommendations of “Report of Task Force on Cyclone Resilient Robust Electricity Transmission and Distribution Infrastructure in the Coastal areas, May 2021.” The report has recommended construction of compact and modular indoor GIS installations for locations up to 60 km from the coastline, above the historical water stagnation/logging level (based on locally available data) or Highest Flood Level (HFL).

Green hydrogen schemes

Currently, according to information available with T&D India, the following ISTS-TBCB schemes related to green hydrogen/ammonia projects, are under bidding:

Transmission system for supply of power to green hydrogen/ammonia manufacturing potential in Kandla area of Gujarat (Phase-I: 3 GW)

Transmission system for supply of power to green hydrogen/ammonia manufacturing potential in Mundra area of Gujarat under Phase-I: Part B1 scheme (3 GW at Navinal substation)

Transmission system for proposed green hydrogen/green ammonia projects in Tuticorin area

The last dates for submission of technical and financial bids for the three schemes, in respective order, are: December 30, 2024, December 31, 2024 and December 20, 2024.

AM Green Ammonia India Pvt Ltd is a company that is developing a green ammonia production facility in Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India: 

Location

The facility is located in an existing urea plant that was previously owned by Nagarjuna Fertilizers and Chemicals Limited (NFCL). AM Green acquired the plant in early 2024. 

Production target

AM Green Ammonia aims to produce 1 million tons of green ammonia annually by 2026 and 5 million tons annually by 2030. 

Power supply

AM Green Ammonia has secured 1,300 MW of carbon-free power for the facility. This power will come from a combination of solar and wind hybrid capacity, as well as pumped storage capacity. NTPC will supply half of the power, and Gentari will supply the remainder. 

Partners

AM Green Ammonia has partnered with John Cockerill to provide advanced pressurized alkaline electrolyzers. AM Green Ammonia has also secured offtake agreements with Yara, Keppel, and Uniper. 

Exports

The majority of the green ammonia produced will be exported to Europe. This will help to achieve green hydrogen goals in both India and Europe. 

Timeline

Production is expected to begin in the second half of 2026. 

IS 5182 (Part 26) is a Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) document that provides a method for measuring air pollution for nickel. Here are some details about the docum

 IS 5182 (Part 26) is a Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) document that provides a method for measuring air pollution for nickel. Here are some details about the document: 

Title: Method for Measurement of Air Pollution Part 26 Nickel

Committee: CHD 35

Status: Active

Number of revisions: 0

Number of amendments: 0

The BIS has published other documents in the IS 5182 series, including:

IS 5182-6 (2006)

A method for measuring nitrogen dioxide in the atmosphere 

IS 5182-20 (1982)

A method for measuring air pollution that uses a spectrophotometer to measure the color produced 

IS 5182-12 (2004)

A method for measuring air pollution that includes information on sampling, glassware, and storing samples 

IS 5182-23 (2006)

A method for measuring air pollution that includes information on weighing filters, recording data, and identifying insects and leaks 

IS 5182-7 (1973)

A method for measuring air pollution that includes information on eliminating reducing agents and avoiding atmospheric oxides of nitrogen 

IS 5182-5, or Methods for Measurement of Air Pollution, Part 5: Sampling of Gaseous Pollutants, is a legally binding document that provides guidance on how to sample gaseous pollutants in the air:

 IS 5182-5, or Methods for Measurement of Air Pollution, Part 5: Sampling of Gaseous Pollutants, is a legally binding document that provides guidance on how to sample gaseous pollutants in the air: 

Sampling points

To determine the concentration of a pollutant in the air, samples should be taken from multiple strategic points. 

Sampling station location

The sampling station should be at least 1.5 meters above the ground, but no more than 15 meters. It should be away from large buildings and other sources of pollution. Public buildings like hospitals, schools, and police stations are often good choices because they are accessible and secure. 

Number of stations

The number of stations in the sampling network depends on the purpose of the investigation and the availability of equipment and analytical facilities. 

Rounding off

The final value of a test or analysis should be rounded off in accordance with IS 2:1960. 

The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) originally published IS 5182-5 in 1975. The 2020 version of the standard is a first revision. 

IS 5182-21 is a legally binding document that describes how to measure non-methane hydrocarbons in the air using gas chromatography:

 IS 5182-21 is a legally binding document that describes how to measure non-methane hydrocarbons in the air using gas chromatography: 

Scope

This standard describes how to measure non-methane hydrocarbons in the atmosphere.

Lower limit of detection

The lower limit of detection is 0.1 parts per billion (1 part in 1010 parts of air) by volume.

Separation of hydrocarbons

Two separate columns are recommended for the separation of hydrocarbons.

Temperature programming

Programmed temperature is needed for the separation of complex mixtures of hydrocarbons.

The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) published IS 5182-21 in 2001. It was reviewed in 2022. 

The new standard, भारतीय मानक IS 5182 (Part 27): 2024,

 The new standard, भारतीय मानक IS 5182 (Part 27): 2024,

I am delighted to inform you that the Standard Method for VOCs – Passive Sampling & Measurement in ambient, indoor, and workplace air, which I had earlier proposed and submitted, has been successfully approved, notified, and published by BIS as a National Standard. The new standard, भारतीय मानक IS 5182 (Part 27): 2024, titled "Air Pollution – Methods for Measurement Part 27 Vapour-Phase Organic Chemicals: Vinyl Chloride to nC22 Hydrocarbons in Air and Gaseous Emissions by Diffusive (Passive) Sampling onto Sorbent Tubes or Cartridges Followed by Thermal Desorption (TD) and Capillary Gas Chromatography (GC) Analysis," represents a significant advancement in leveraging global cutting-edge technology for the nation as a reference of Standard Method on VOCs-Passive sampling & Measurement in ambient, indoor and workplace air at concentrations ranging from low micrograms per cubic meter to milligrams per cubic meter .

This is 3rd in the row after two previous standard methods IS 5182 ( Part 11) 2006 : Methods for Measurement of Air Pollution, Benzene, Toluene and Xylene (BTX)and IS 5182 (part 12) 2004: Methods for Measurement of Air Pollution, Part 12: Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Air Particulate Matter.

Thanks to all BIS Technical Committee Members & Chairperson, BIS Secretariat & Chemical Division Head & Member Secretary, Friends among Technical fraternity in India & abroad whosoever extended their direct & Indirect support during this journey. 

Enquiries, if any on establishing related facilities in your lab are most welcome. 

Best wishes & Regards to ALL Dr. S.K. Tyagi, Former Addl. Director, CPCB, India,

 cpcbskt@yahoo.co.in

IS 5182 Part 27 is a standard that describes how to measure vinyl chloride to nC22 hydrocarbons in air and gaseous emissions. The standard uses a method called diffusive (passive) sampling onto sorbent tubes or cartridges, followed by thermal desorption (TD) and capillary. 

The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) publishes IS 5182, which is a series of standards for measuring air pollution. Other parts of the series include: 

IS 5182-2

Describes how to measure sulfur dioxide concentrations in the range of 25 to 1050 pg/m3 

IS 5182-23

Describes how to measure air pollution, including how to weigh filter media, record data, and identify insects, loose particles, and other evidence on the filter 

IS 5182-18

A public safety standard that promotes the timely dissemination of information about air pollution 

IS 5182-19

Describes how to measure air pollution, including how to standardize chlorine solutions and correct for air volume at different temperatures and pressures 

IS 5182-6

Describes how to measure ambient nitrogen dioxides, including how to collect samples and eliminate interference from sulfur dioxide 

IS 5182-7

Describes how to measure air pollution, including how to eliminate interference from strong reducing agents and atmospheric oxides of nitrogen 

Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change organizes National Level Showcase of the Eco-Creativity & Innovation Hackathon in New Delhi

Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change

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Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change organizes National Level Showcase of the Eco-Creativity & Innovation Hackathon in New Delhi

Posted On: 17 DEC 2024 6:01PM by PIB Delhi

Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change organized the Eco-Creativity & Innovation Hackathon: National Level Showcase today at the NDMC Convention Centre in New Delhi. This unique initiative aligns itself with the Prime Minister’s Mission LiFE (Lifestyle For Environment) Campaign, which emphasizes sustainable and mindful living.

A Hackathon was launched on 5th June 2024 on the Code Mitra platform by Pi Jam Foundation in partnership with Amazon Future Engineer and supported by Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change under its Environment Education Programme (EEP). The hackathon aimed to inspire young minds to tackle local environmental issues creatively through technology and innovation. This initiative provided a platform for students across India to explore solutions to pressing environmental challenges.

Participating in this initiative, students engaged with educational videos, solved interactive puzzles, and submitted their innovative ideas to address environmental problems. The hackathon witnessed an overwhelming participation from children and youth with overall 411,711 participation and 190,033 idea submissions. The participation came from across 14 states, viz., Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Jammu & Kashmir, Jharkhand, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Haryana, Chhattisgarh, and Delhi. Maximum participation was from Punjab, led by Sangrur, Patiala, Ludhiana and Amritsar districts. Other top performing States/ UTs were Andhra Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand and Madhya Pradesh.

Top five student ideas were announced and felicitated along with top 5 teachers and top 5 State-level nodal agencies for motivating and mobilizing students for participation in this competition. The felicitation ceremony was graced by Ms. Leena Nandan, Secretary and Shri Tanmay Kumar, Special Secretary, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change.

 Addressing the gathering, Secretary highlighted the importance of Mission LiFE as a people's movement and how through this movement India is becoming a global leader in environmental awareness and protection initiatives. Congratulating the participants, Special Secretary stressed the need to adopt mindful and deliberate utilisation of resources in place of mindless and wasteful consumption. He appreciated the efforts taken by Department of School Education & Literacy in renaming Eco-clubs as Mission LiFE Eco-clubs.

The final showcase featured 35 innovative projects, selected from among the submissions received during the competition. These projects represented the ingenuity and determination of students to address critical environmental challenges. The widespread participation of students in this hackathon highlights the growing enthusiasm for environmental education and the importance of technology in shaping a sustainable future in India.

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“Global Dialogue on Energy Transformation”

Ministry of New and Renewable Energy

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India to Become Renewable Energy Capital of the World: Union Minister Pralhad Joshi

Union Minister Joshi Addresses 5th CII International Energy Conference and Exhibition at New Delhi

Posted On: 17 DEC 2024 1:20PM by PIB Delhi

Highlighting India’s remarkable growth in renewable energy, Union Minister for New and Renewable Energy, Shri Pralhad Joshi said that India is not only witnessing an energy revolution but also becoming the renewable energy capital of the world. The Minister was addressing the 5th CII International Energy Conference and Exhibition (IECE) at New Delhi. Shri Joshi said that India is one of the world’s most promising nations in the clean energy space currently under the leadership of Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi.

“What India does in renewable energy, is not only keenly watched by the world, but also adopted by several countries. ” said the Minister. He highlighted the role of International Solar Alliance as a formal setup for global collaboration under India’s initiative with 120 countries as signatories.

Union Minister Shri Pralhad Joshi said, “Between April and November of the current financial year, India added nearly 15 GW of renewable energy capacity, almost double the 7.54 GW added during the same period last year.” He further highlighted that India’s total installed capacity in the non-fossil fuel energy sector has reached 214 GW, marking an increase of over 14% compared to the same period last year. Additionally, he pointed out that 2.3 GW of new capacity was added in November 2024 alone, reflecting a four-fold increase from the 566 MW added in November 2023.

Union Minister Joshi reiterated Union Government’s commitment to achieving 500 GW of non-fossil fuel-based capacity by 2030. Despite having one of the largest coal resources globally, India maintains one of the lowest per capita emissions, at one-third of the global average. The Minister highlighted that India is the only G20 nation to have ensured that the Sustainable Development Goals made at the Paris Climate Change Summit in 2015 were fulfilled even before the deadline. The Minister said that the ongoing transformation of India’s energy sector is driven by a strong belief that achieving a Viksit Bharat by 2047 is intrinsically linked to sustainable and green growth.

The Minister also outlined several key steps taken by the Union Government to boost the growth of RE sector in India such as the introduction of the Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme, with an outlay of ₹24,000 crore, aimed at boosting domestic manufacturing of solar panels and modules. The Minister also mentioned the ongoing initiative to establish 50 solar parks, with a cumulative capacity of 38 GW by 2025-26.

Additionally, provisions have been made for the declaration of a trajectory for Renewable Purchase Obligation (RPO) up to the year 2029-30. Shri Joshi also said that PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana is targeting 1 crore installations by 2026-27, with an outlay of ₹75,021 crore.  

Union Minister Joshi also said that Ministry of New and Renewable Energy( MNRE) has organised REInvest in September 2024 and Chintan Shivir in November 2024 to boost the RE sector. Minister Joshi also said that a meeting is being planned in Mumbai in January with representatives of banks, industry and state government officials to find solutions to existing bottlenecks in the RE sector. He invited global leaders and industry stakeholders to partner with India in its journey toward a green and sustainable future.

Union Minister Pralhad Joshi also launched the CII-EY Energy Transition Investment Monitor Report at the event. The conference, themed “Global Dialogue on Energy Transformation” was attended by a distinguished gathering of industry leaders, policymakers, and experts.

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Development of Climate-Resilient Paddy Varieties

Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare

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Development of Climate-Resilient Paddy Varieties

Posted On: 17 DEC 2024 3:02PM by PIB Delhi

The Government through ICAR flagship network project ‘National Innovation on Climate Resilient Agriculture’ (NICRA) assessed the vulnerability of different paddy growing regions to climate change by conducting integrated simulation modelling studies. The study revealed that in the absence of adaptation measures, climate change is likely to reduce rainfed rice yields by 20% in 2050 and 47% in 2080. Irrigated rice yield may reduce by 3.5% in 2050 and 5% in 2080.

Since 2014 to 2024, a total of 668 varieties of rice (paddy) have been developed, out of which 199 varieties are extreme climate resilient, which can withstand extreme weather conditions, the details of which are as follows: 103 rice varieties are drought and water stress tolerant; 50 rice varieties are flood/ deep water/ submergence tolerant; 34 rice varieties are salinity/ alkalinity/ sodicity tolerant; 6 rice varieties are heat stress tolerant and 6 varieties are cold tolerant. Further, out of 668 varieties of rice developed, 579 varieties are tolerant to pests and diseases.

The technology demonstrations and capacity building programs on climate resilient technologies were conducted under Technology Demonstration Component of NICRA in 448 climate resilient villages of 151 vulnerable districts. Some of the specific climate resilient technologies related to paddy are: demonstration of climate resilient varieties, alternate methods of rice cultivation such as aerobic rice, direct seeded rice and drum seeding, green manuring with Dhaincha before paddy transplanting, community nurseries for delayed monsoon etc. to minimize the impact of variable climatic situations.

To encounter the adverse impact of climate change in the country, the Government of India implements National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA), which is one of the Missions within the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC). The Government of India provides financial assistance to the states through the NMSA to cope with the adverse impacts of climate change.

This information was given by the Minister of State for Agriculture & Farmers’ Welfare, Shri Bhagirath Choudhary in a written reply in Lok Sabha today.

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E leadership

 

The Green Hydrogen Policy, introduced in February 2022, offers a comprehensive set of incentives to encourage green hydrogen production.

 The Green Hydrogen Policy, introduced in February 2022, offers a comprehensive set of incentives to encourage green hydrogen production. These incentives include streamlined processes for statutory clearances, access to power markets, and waivers on inter-state transmission charges, all aimed at achieving a production target of 5 million tonnes per year by 2030.

Green Hydrogen / Green Ammonia shall be defined as Hydrogen /Ammonia produced by way of electrolysis of water using Renewable Energy; including Renewable Energy which has been banked and the Hydrogen/Ammonia produced from biomass.

The waiver of inter-state transmission charges shall be granted for a period of 25 years to the producer of Green Hydrogen and Green Ammonia from the projects commissioned before 30th June 2025.

Green Hydrogen / Green Ammonia can be manufactured by a developer by using Renewable Energy from a co-located Renewable Energy plant, or sourced from a remotely located Renewable Energy plants, whether set up by the same developer, or a third party or procured renewable energy from the Power Exchange. Green Hydrogen/Green Ammonia plants will be granted Open Access for sourcing of Renewable Energy within 15 days of receipt of application complete in all respects. The Open Access charges shall be in accordance with Rules as laid down.

Banking shall be permitted for a period of 30 days for Renewable Energy used for making Green Hydrogen /Green Ammonia.

The charges for banking shall be as fixed by the State Commission which shall not be more than the cost differential between the average tariff of renewable energy bought by the distribution licensee during the previous year and the average market clearing price (MCP) in the Day Ahead Market (DAM) during the month in which the Renewable Energy has been banked.

Connectivity, at the generation end and the Green Hydrogen / Green Ammonia manufacturing end, to the ISTS for Renewable Energy capacity set up for the purpose of manufacturing Green Hydrogen / Green Ammonia shall be granted on priority under the Electricity (Transmission system planning, development and recovery of Inter State Transmission charges) Rules 2021.

Land in Renewable Energy Parks can be allotted for the manufacture of Green Hydrogen / Green Ammonia .

The Government of India proposes to set up Manufacturing Zones. Green Hydrogen / Green Ammonia production plant can be set up in any of the Manufacturing Zones.

Manufacturers of Green Hydrogen / Green Ammonia shall be allowed to set up bunkers near Ports for storage of Green Ammonia for export / use by shipping. The land for the storage purpose shall be provided by the respective Port Authorities at applicable charges.

Renewable Energy consumed for the production of Green Hydrogen / Green Ammonia shall count towards RPO compliance of the consuming entity. The renewable energy consumed beyond obligation of the producer shall count towards RPO compliance of the DISCOM in whose area the project is located.

Distribution licensees may also procure and supply Renewable Energy to the manufacturers of Green Hydrogen / Green Ammonia in their States. In such cases, the Distribution licensee shall only charge the cost of procurement as well as the wheeling charges and a small margin as determined by the State Commission.

Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) will establish a single  portal for all statutory clearances and permissions required for manufacture, transportation, storage and distribution of Green  Hydrogen /Green Ammonia.  The concerned  agencies/authorities  will be requested to provide the clearances and permissions in a time-bound manner, preferably within a period of 30 days from the date of application.

In order to achieve competitive prices, MNRE may aggregate demand from different sectors and have consolidated bids conducted for procurement of Green Hydrogen/Green Ammonia through any of the designated implementing agencies.

Ethanol boost: Godavari Biorefineries announces capital expenditure for new 200 KLPD corn/grain-based distillery

By Prakash Jha -Monday, 16 December 20

Godavari Biorefineries Limited (GBL), one of India’s leading ethanol producers, has announced capital expenditure plans for a new corn/grain-based distillery at its Sameerwadi manufacturing unit in Karnataka. The company plans to establish a new 200-kiloliters-per-day (KLPD) corn/grain-based distillery.

The proposed capacity is expected to be added by the Q4 FY 2026. According to the company, the required investment is around Rs 130 crore and mode of finance for the distillery will be a mix of internal accruals and debt.

The primary objective of the new distillery is augmentation of ethanol capacity with alternate feedstock for operation.

This move aligns with India’s push towards achieving energy independence and reducing carbon emissions through increased ethanol blending in petrol, a key initiative under the government’s Ethanol Blended Petrol (EBP) program.

ChiniMandi had earlier reported that Godavari is exploring grain-based ethanol production to further increase its ethanol production as India continues its transition to green energy.

GBL is pioneer in manufacturing ethanol-based chemicals in India. Company’s diversified product portfolio comprises bio-based chemicals, sugar, rectified spirits, ethanol, other grades of alcohol and power. GBL is also the largest manufacturer of MPO worldwide, one of only two manufacturers of natural 1,3 butylene glycol globally, the fourth largest manufacturer of ethyl acetate in India, and the only company in country to produce bio ethyl acetate.

Parliament Question:- Import of Hazardous Waste

Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change

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Parliament Question:- Import of Hazardous Waste

Posted On: 16 DEC 2024 4:11PM by PIB Delhi

Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) has notified the Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2016 (HOWM Rules, 2016) under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 to ensure safe storage, treatment and disposal of hazardous wastes in an environmentally sound manner without causing adverse effect to environment and human health.

The HOWM Rules, 2016 allow import of the hazardous wastes listed in Part A of the Schedule III for recycling, recovery, reuse and utilization including co-processing. Import of hazardous waste is not permitted for disposal in India. The import of hazardous waste listed in Part A of the Schedule III is allowed only to actual users with permission from the MoEF&CC and the Directorate General of Foreign Trade license, if applicable.

Any import of hazardous waste without permission of the MoEF&CC in accordance with HOWM Rules, 2016 is treated as illegal and under the Schedule VII of the HOWM Rules, 2016, Ports and Customs Authority are entrusted with the responsibility of taking action against importer for violations under the Indian Ports Act,1908 or Customs Act, 1962.

As per the Annual inventory submitted by the State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs)/ Pollution Control Committees (PCCs), about 5.47 lakhs MT of hazardous wastes was imported

by entities located in 10 States namely Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu and West Bengal. Under the Schedule VII of the HOWM Rules, 2016, the SPCBs/PCCs are entrusted with the duties of grant & renewal of Authorization, Monitoring of compliance of various provisions of these rules and taking action against the violation of these rules amongst other duties.

This information was given by Union Minister of State for Environment, Forest and Climate Change Shri Kirti Vardhan Singh in a written reply in the Lok Sabha today.

Parliament Question:- Development of Coastal Zones

Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change

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Parliament Question:- Development of Coastal Zones

Posted On: 16 DEC 2024 4:10PM by PIB Delhi

The National Coastal Management Authority (NCZMA) is a permanent institutional arrangement comprising 25 Members including Chairman and Member Secretary, out of which 23 Members are Ex-Officio Members.

In accordance with the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, the draft Coastal Zone Management Plan (CZMP) is publicised widely, inviting suggestions and objections and a public hearing on the draft CZMP is also conducted at the district level by the concerned Coastal Zone Management Authority, prior to its final approval by the MoEFCC. The projects in CRZ areas are approved in accordance with the provisions of CZMPs and separate Public hearing for each individual project is not required.

The Ministry, vide notifications dated 30th September 2022, empowered State Coastal Zone Management Authorities (SCZMAs) under Section 5, Section 10 and Section 19 of the Environment (Protection) Act 1986 to enforce and monitor the provisions of the CRZ Notifications. The monitoring is thus done in co-ordination with SCZMAs. Further, the EC / CRZ clearance makes it mandatory for the Project Proponents to submit compliance status of the conditions to the concerned Regional Offices of the Ministry. The project proponents are required to take Consent to Establish / Consent to Operate approvals under the Air and Water Act from the respective State Pollution Control Boards / Pollution Control Committees, before commencement of the operation.

The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change has established the National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management (NCSCM) to support the protection, conservation, rehabilitation, management and policy advice of the coast. In addition, there are other institutes of repute dedicated for coastal research and ecology like National Centre for Coastal Research (NCCR), National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT), National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS) etc.

This information was given by Union Minister of State for Environment, Forest and Climate Change Shri Kirti Vardhan Singh in a written reply in the Lok Sabha today.

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Parliament Question:- Health Services in Polluted Areas

Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change

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Parliament Question:- Health Services in Polluted Areas

Posted On: 16 DEC 2024 4:08PM by PIB Delhi

In order to mitigate pollution and to safeguard health and environment, Government of India has enacted the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 and the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. Under the provisions of these acts, Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) / Pollution Control Pollution Committees (PCCs) implement various rules and directions to protect environment.

The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) notifies “Standards for Emission or Discharge of Environmental Pollutants from various Industries” under Schedule-I of the Environment Protection Rules, 1986. The general standards as notified under Schedule-VI of the Environment Protection Rules, 1986 are applicable where specific standards are not available for the industrial sectors. The concerned SPCB/PCC ensures the implementation of said standards. CPCB has directed all 17 categories of high pollution potential industries and common waste treatment facilities to install Online Continuous Effluent/ Emission Monitoring Systems (OCEMS) for strengthening monitoring mechanism and effective compliance through self-regulatory mechanism and constant vigil on pollution levels. Real-time values of environmental pollutants of trade effluent and emissions generated through OCEMS are transmitted online to CPCB and concerned SPCB/PCC on 24x7 basis. Central software processes the data and in case of value of pollutant parameter exceeds prescribed environmental norms, an automatic SMS alert is generated and sent to industrial unit, SPCB and CPCB, so that corrective measures can be taken by the industry immediately and appropriate action can be taken by concerned SPCB/PCC/CPCB.

An “Integrated Guidance Framework for Chemicals Safety in respect of the isolated storages and industries covered under Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals (MSIHC) Rules, 1989” has been prepared by MoEF&CC and CPCB in compliance of the directions of the Hon’ble National Green Tribunal dated 11.06.2021 in the matter of Original Application no. 60/2021. The framework covers factories causing pollution or accident scenarios like spillages/ leakages of hazardous chemicals, fire, explosion or other incidents arising due to handling of hazardous chemicals and provides guidance to industrial units on conducting safety audits in adherence to Indian Standard, IS:14489:2018 - Code of Practice on Occupational Safety & Health Audit. To prevent industrial accidents and chemical emergencies, the MSIHC Rules, 1989 prescribes undertaking safety audits, preparation of on-site emergency plans by industries, preparation of off-site emergency plans by District Authorities and carry out mock drills for assessing preparedness. The MSIHC Rules, 1989 and Control of Industrial Major Accident Hazards Rules are enforced by the Chief Inspector of Factories (CIF)/Director of Industrial Safety & Health (DISH) of the respective States /UTs Governments.

The Central Government has also enacted the Factories Act, 1948, for ensuring the occupational safety, health and welfare of the workers employed in the factories registered under the Factories Act, 1948. The Occupier and Managers of the factories registered under the Act are required to comply with the provisions of the Act and Rules framed there under. In case of violations, the Chief Inspector of Factories/Directorate of Industrial Safety and Health of the State Governments are empowered to initiate penal action against the occupier and manager of the factories.

This information was given by Union Minister of State for Environment, Forest and Climate Change Shri Kirti Vardhan Singh in a written reply in the Lok Sabha today.

 

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Fork lift safety

 

APM 411

APM 411

Gaseous Sampling Attachment

APM 411 is an attachment to Dust Samplers for simultaneous sampling of gaseous pollutants. Provision is available for keeping ice and accommodating 4 glass impingers in an ice tray 

Overview

Specification

Flow Rate

0 - 3 LPM, accuracy : 2% of span.

Flow Control

Four inlet and one outlet with built in needle valves for flow control of each unit.

Sampling Train

4 Nos. of 35ml Borosilicate glass impingers

Size

240 x 125 x 350mm.

APM 550

APM 550

APM 550

Impactor based (USEPA published design)

The APM 550 system is a manual method for sampling fine particles (PM2.5 fraction) and is based on impactor designs standardized by USEPA for ambient air quality monitoring. Ambient air enters the APM 550 series samplers system through an omnidirectional inlet designed to provide a clean aerodynamic cut-point for particles greater than 10 microns. Particles in the air stream finer than 10 microns proceed to a second impactor that has an aerodynamic cut-point of 2.5 microns. The air sample and fine particulates exiting from the PM 2.5 impactor are passed through a 47 mm diameter Teflon filter membrane that retains the fine particulate matter. The sampling rate of the system is held constant at 1 cubic meter per hour by a suitable critical orifice. The standard system is supplied with a Dry Gas Meter to provide a direct measure of the total air volume sampled.

Special features:

PM10 and PM2.5 Impactors of sampler based on designs standardized by US EPA

Two part cabinet ensures that the temperature of the PM 2.5 filter remains close to ambient temperature

Imported brush-less pump with a low noise

The lower sampling rate of 1m3/hr reduces filter choking even in areas having high FPM levels

Critical Orifice maintains constant a sampling rate of 1 m3/hour

Compact and portable

Owing to its modular design, APM 550 can be easily paired with a gaseous sampling attachment (for monitoring SO2, NOx, NH3, Ozone, etc) as gaseous sampling requires only a few LPMs of airflow. This is possible through an attachable subsidiary unit APM 411 or the more modern APM 411TE. Kindly refer to the respective brochures of APM 411 and APM 411TE for details

Flow Rate

Constant sampling rate of 1 m3/hr unaffected by voltage fluctuation and filter choking maintained by critical orifice system

Vacuum Pump

Oil Free, non-pulsating pump driven by induction motor for stable flow rate

Power requirement

Single Phase AC 220 Volts, 50 Hertz Supply.Sampler Unaffected By +/-10% Fluctuation in Supply Voltage.. For proper operation and safety a good earth connection is mandatory

Sample Volume

Dry Gas meter records the total air volume sampled

Filter

Filter holder designed to accept any standard 47 mm diameter filter media

Warranty

One year

APM 460BL

APM 460 BL

APM 460BL

The APM 460BL sampler uses an improved cyclone with a sharper cutoff (D50 at 10 microns) to separate the coarser particulates from the air stream before filtering it on the glass microfibre filter. By using the APM 460BL, measurement of Respirable Particulate Matter can be done accurately and TSPM can also be assessed by collection of dust retained in the cyclone cup.

Special features:

A brushless blower reduces equipment downtime and maintenance effort.

Provision of light for flow and time reading during night.

A Lockable casters, top cover, and gaseous attachment.

Improved cabinet design which is more sturdy and durable with SS hardware.

Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) to TVs is eliminated.

APM 460BL comes with an in-built voltage stabilizer to compensate for voltage fluctuations. This model has been made more user-friendly by providing a lighting arrangement for night operation, softer handles, a lockable top cover, and wheels for easy transportation. The cabinet design has also been improved to prevent the entry of rainwater and dust into the machine.

Owing to its modular design, APM 460BL can be easily paired with a gaseous sampling attachment (for monitoring SO2, NOx, NH3, Ozone, etc) as gaseous sampling requires only a few LPMs of airflow. This is possible through an attachable subsidiary unit APM 411 or the more modern APM 411TE. Kindly refer to the respective brochures of APM 411 and APM 411TE for details.

Cyclone based Separation (NEERI Design) Improved Brushless Blower

Overview

Specifications 

Particles of 10 microns & below collected on Filter Paper holder. SPM bigger than 10 microns collected in a separate sampling bottle under the cyclone

Sampling Time

28 hours (maximum)

Sampling Time Record

0 to 9999.99 hrs. recorded on a Time Totalizer

Power requirement

Nominal 220 V, Single Phase, 50Hz AC mains supply. For proper operation and safety a good earth connection is mandatory

Size & Weight

430 x 320 x 930mm, 45 Kg

Automatic Sampling

24 hrs programmable timer to automatically shut off the system after pre-Control set time interval

Warranty

One year

University level , state level, national level.and international level participations

 

Mixing height, also known as mixing depth, is the height at which pollutants can disperse in the air.

 Mixing height, also known as mixing depth, is the height at which pollutants can disperse in the air. It's an important parameter for atmospheric pollution models, which use it to forecast air quality. 

Here are some things to know about mixing height:

How it's measured

Mixing height is measured in feet or meters above ground level. One way to determine mixing height is to draw a line from the ground surface's temperature and elevation, with a slope equal to the dry adiabatic lapse rate. The height where the line intersects the 2 PM temperature profile is the mixing height. 

How it changes

Mixing height can change throughout the day: 

Nighttime: During surface temperature inversions, which usually happen at night with clear skies, mixing height is zero and smoke dispersion is minimal. 

Afternoon: Pollutants released at the surface in the afternoon won't mix beyond the mixing height. 

How it affects air quality

A greater mixing height means a larger volume for diluting pollutants. A day with a high mixing height can lower surface dew points and increase surface temperature.

The ocean remains cooler than the land, so the air above it stays at a higher pressure. This pressure difference causes moist air to blow from the ocean to the land, bringing rainfal

 The southwest monsoon is a seasonal wind system that brings heavy rains to the Indian subcontinent. It's characterized by the following features: 

An example 

When it occurs

The southwest monsoon usually begins in June and lasts until September. It typically arrives on the western coast of India near Thiruvananthapuram, and covers the entire country by mid-July. It usually starts to withdraw from India in early September and finishes by early October. 

How it occurs

The southwest monsoon is caused by the difference in temperature between the land and the ocean. The land heats up during the summer, causing the air above it to expand and create an area of low pressure. The ocean remains cooler than the land, so the air above it stays at a higher pressure. This pressure difference causes moist air to blow from the ocean to the land, bringing rainfall. 

Importance

The southwest monsoon is vital for agriculture and water resources in India. However, heavy rainfall can lead to flooding, while little or no rain can lead to drought and famine. 

NE Monsoon -Cold winds from the Himalayas and Indo-Gangetic Plain sweep down towards the Indian Ocean, picking up moisture from the Bay of Bengal.

 The northeast monsoon, also known as the retreating monsoon, is a seasonal wind reversal that brings rain to parts of India and Sri Lanka from October to December: 

When it occurs

The northeast monsoon occurs after the southwest monsoon withdraws in mid-October. 

What it causes

Cold winds from the Himalayas and Indo-Gangetic Plain sweep down towards the Indian Ocean, picking up moisture from the Bay of Bengal. 

Where it brings rain

The northeast monsoon brings rain to parts of coastal Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and parts of southern Karnataka. It's the main source of rainfall for Tamil Nadu, providing 50% to 60% of the state's rain. 

Other effects

The northeast monsoon is associated with the seasonal reversal of surface and lower tropospheric winds. This change in winds is associated with the southward movement of the continental tropical convergence zone (CTCZ). 

Importance

The northeast monsoon is important for agricultural planning and disaster management. The passage of cyclones and depressions over the North Indian Ocean (NIO) region can significantly affect the northeast monsoon. 

Exploration of Wind Directions and Types Wind Directions and Types

Exploration of Wind Directions and Types

Wind Directions and Types

The wind is formed as a result of the radiation from the sun, which is absorbed differently on the earth’s surface. Cloud cover, mountains, valleys, water bodies, vegetation, and desert lands all contribute to the heating of the planet’s surface in various ways.

As a result of this uneven heating, earth surfaces are bound to vary greatly in temperature. Air on surfaces with higher temperatures will then begin to rise because it is lighter (less dense).

Low atmospheric pressure is created as the air rises. And Air on surfaces with cooler temperatures sink (do not rise). The sinking creates higher atmospheric pressure.

What is the meaning of wind direction?

First

The first and most important thing to remember is that wind direction is always determined by where the wind blows FROM rather than where it blows TO.

The direction of the wind is typically reported by the direction from which it originates. A north or northerly wind, for example, blows from north to south. Onshore winds (sea breeze) and offshore winds are the exceptions (blowing off the shore to the water).

Second

Wind direction is usually calculated in cardinal (or compass) degrees. As a result, a wind blowing from the north has a wind direction of 0° (360°); a wind blowing from the east has a wind direction of 90°, etc.

Weather forecasts normally give the direction of the wind along with its speed, for example, a “northerly wind at 20 km/h” is a wind blowing from the north at a speed of 20 km/h

Third

The thing to understand is that wind direction is defined as the orientation of the wind’s movement. For example, if the wind is blowing from the southeast and heading northwest, it is referred to as a southeast wind.

Fourth

The four cardinal points are marked with their initials in the wind rose: North (N), South (S), West (W), and East (E) (E).

These are, however, simple directional names that almost never correspond to a real-world wind direction.

Fifth

Winds are constantly shifting, and they do not always blow in the same direction as human-designed tables.

There are four other intercardinal directions to improve the quality of the readings: Northeast (NE), Southeast (SE), Northwest (NW), and Southwest (SW) (SW).

Measurement techniques

The windsock and wind vane are examples of instruments that can be used to measure wind direction. Both instruments work by moving in order to reduce air resistance.

Anemometers and wind vanes are modern instruments used to measure wind speed and direction. The wind energy industry employs these instruments for both wind resource assessment and turbine control.

What are the Different Ways to Measure Wind?

The wind has both speed and direction; two different equipment are used to measure this parameter:

Anemometers

Anemometers are a type of weather station instrument that measures wind speed. There are several types of anemometers, including cup anemometers, hot wire anemometers, windmill anemometers, sonic anemometers, and laser doppler anemometers.

Wind vanes

Wind vanes are also known as weather vane, which is used for determining the direction of the wind.

Categories of Winds

Primary Wind is also known as Planetary Wind

Throughout the year, primary winds constantly blow in a particular direction. Primary winds can also be referred to as prevailing winds or planetary winds. Also, the primary winding is classified into three types: trade winds, westerlies, and easterlies.

Secondary Wind or Periodic Wind

Secondary winds are those that change direction with the seasons. Secondary winds occur in many locations throughout the world. A particular secondary wind and the underlying physical forces that drive the wind depends upon the unique geographic location. The monsoon wind is one of the most well-known secondary winds.

Tertiary Wind or Local Wind

Tertiary winds blow only during a particular period of the day or year in a small area. The difference in temperature and air pressure of a specific location causes these winds to blow. According to local characteristics, these winds can be hot, cold, ice-filled, or dust-rich.