Wednesday, 8 April 2015

PUBLISHED

(showing articles 741 to 760 of 1590)

Channel Description:

Promotion of Environment, Health Safety and Quality for Good Governance of good govt., Organization, Company, Industry, Institution DEDICATED TO NAGARJUNA GROUP (NFCL, NOCL, NACL) WE ARE HIGHLY THANKFUL TO Shri KS RAJU SIR- CHAIRMAN, Shri RAHUL RAJU SIR -MANAGING DIRECTOR , Shri P.P. SIGH and Shri RS NANDA SIR, Shri R. RAGHAVAN, Shri GVS ANAND, Shri. VK GROVER,ShriVS SUNDER, Shri PC MOHAN, Shri JK RASAD ,Shri PHN REDDY, Shri BHSN RAJU AND ASSOCIATES
older | 1 | .... | 35 | 36 | 37 | (Page 38) | 39 | 40 | 41 | .... | 80 | newer
    0 0


    0 0



    Environmental effects
    Terminology of the environmental effects of elements and compounds

    LC50

    Lethal Concentration 50. An LC50 value is the concentration of a material in air that will kill 50% of the test subjects (animals, typically mice or rats) when administered as a single exposure (typically 1 or 4 hours). This value gives you an idea of the relative toxicity of the material.
    This value applies to vapors,dusts, mists and gases. Solids and liquids use the closely related LD50 value (50% lethal dose).
    LD50
    Lethal Dose 50. It’s the amount of a solid or liquid material that it takes to kill 50% of test animals (for example, mice or rats) in one dose.
    Toxic
    Toxic is defined by OSHA (Ocupational Safety and Health Administration) 29 CFR 1910.1200 App A as a chemical which falls in any of these three categories:
    1. A chemical that has a median lethal dose (LD50) of more than 50 milligrams per kilogram but not more than 500 milligrams per kilogram of body weight when administered orally to albino rats weighing between 200 and 300 grams each.
    2. A chemical that has a median lethal dose (LD50) of more than 200 milligrams per kilogram but not more than 1,000 milligrams per kilogram of body weight when administered by continuous contact for 24 hours (or less if death occurs within 24 hours) with the bare skin of albino rabbits weighing between two and three kilograms each.
    3. A chemical that has a median lethal concentration (LC50) in air of more than 200 parts per million but not more than 2,000 parts per million by volume of gas or vapor, or more than two milligrams per liter but not more than 20 milligrams per liter of mist, fume, or dust, when administered by continuous inhalation for one hour (or less if death occurs within one hour) to albino rats weighing between 200 and 300 grams each.
    Highly toxic
    Highly toxic is defined by OSHA (Ocupational Safety and Health Administration) as:
    1. A chemical that has a median lethal dose (LD50) of 50 milligrams or less per kilogram of body weight when administered orally to albino rats weighing between 200 and 300 grams each.
    2. A chemical that has a median lethal dose (LD50) of 200 milligrams or less per kilogram of body weight when administered by continuous contact for 24 hours (or less if death occurs within 24 hours) with the bare skin of albino rabbits weighing between two and three kilograms each.
    3. A chemical that has a median lethal concentration (LC50) in air of 200 parts per million by volume or less of gas or vapor, or 2 milligrams per liter or less of mist, fume, or dust, when administered by continuous inhalation for one hour (or less if death occurs within one hour) to albino rats weighing between 200 and 300 grams each.
    Toxicology
    Toxicology is the study of the nature, effects, detection, and mitigation of poisons and the treatment or prevention of poisoning.
    Toxin
    A toxin is a toxic substance.
    Toxins that affect only specific types of cells or organs are called cytotoxins.



    0 0

    Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)
    Time-Weighted Average (TWA)
    Definition

        A Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL) is the maximum amount or concentration of a chemical that a worker may be exposed to under OSHA regulations.

        A Time-Weighted Average (TWA) is explained below.

        A VPEL or Vacated PEL is an older PEL set by OSHA but later "vacated" (retracted) under court order. However, some states may continue to enforce these lower levels. See below.

    Additional Info

        PEL's can be defined in two different ways as discussed in the OSHA regulation on air contaminants, 29 CFR 1910.1000:

            Ceiling values - at no time should this exposure limit be exceeded. Sometimes denoted with the letter C.

            8-hour Time Weighted Averages (TWA) - are an average value of exposure over the course of an 8 hour work shift.

        TWA levels are usually lower than ceiling values. Thus, a worker may be exposed to a level higher than the TWA for part of the day (but still lower than the ceiling value) as long as he is exposed to levels below the TWA for the rest of the day.

            safety poster
        Employees have a Right To Know about the hazards of their workplace. Get your RTK materials at Safety Emporium.
        Vacated PEL's

            Analyzing the specific health risks and performing the cost/benefit analyses needed to set a PEL is a time-consuming and labor-intensive endeavor. As a result, only ~470 substances have OSHA PEL's.

            In 1989, OSHA decided that it was impractical to set PEL's for tens of thousands individual chemicals and enacted a generic rulemaking scheme that broke chemicals up into various categories. This methodology was challenged in court and in AFL-CIO v. OSHA, 965 F.2d 962 the 11th U.S. District Court of Appeals vacated (struck down) the 1989 PEL revisions stating "(1) OSHA failed to establish that existing exposure limits in the workplace presented significant risk of material health impairment or that new standards eliminated or substantially lessened the risk; (2) OSHA did not meet its burden of establishing that its 428 new permissible exposure limits (PELs) were either economically or technologically feasible."

            Toxicological professionals generally disagree with both of those points. With respect to the first, there was substantial documentation to support OSHA's position, and with the respect to the second, performing an economic analysis for every chemical (there are well over 100,000 commodity chemicals in use in the US) for every industry is completely infeasible. In 58:35338-35351 OSHA noted that "...OSHA continues to believe that many of the old limits which it will now be enforcing are out of date (they predate 1968) and not sufficiently protective of employee health based on current scientific information and expert recommendations. In addition, many of the substances for which OSHA has no PELs present serious health hazards to employees."

            RTK Center

            Ensure that your MSDS collection is "readily accessible" with these handy compliance centers from Safety Emporium.

                Regardless, OSHA was forced to revert to the older limits. This case clearly established that to set new PEL's OSHA would need to collect specific evidence for each substance so the risk/benefit analysis could be reviewed, and the resources required for that have never been made available and likely never will be available. More information on this legal case can be found under Further Reading below.

            In theory, OSHA is continuing to perform risk assessment and feasibility analysis on air contaminants in light of this court ruling, using a risk-based prioritization to identify those substances which have the most significant impact on worker safety. But in the years since this ruling, OSHA has enacted or updated PEL's for just a handful of substances.

            Just to confuse matters, this decision did not directly apply to the states and territories which administer their own OSHA-approved plans. Some of these states may retain the 1989 limits. Therefore, to maximize safety and minimize potential legal problems, it is best to compare the 1989 PELs for these substances with the ACGIH limits (TLV's), and comply with which ever is most protective.

            Therefore, vacated PEL values may still appear on MSDS's because some states may have enacted statutes based on their values and because some employers or employees might prefer their larger margin of safety (or error, depending on your perspective) when setting their workplace exposure limits. Whatever values you find, always err on the side of safety and choose the lower one. Remember we always want to keep chemical exposures as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA).

    0 0

    Functions of the Central Board at the National Level

     http://cpcb.nic.in/
    • Advise the Central Government on any matter concerning prevention and control of water and air pollution and improvement of the quality of air.
    • Plan and cause to be executed a nation-wide programm for the prevention, control or abatement of water and air pollution;
    • Co-ordinate the activities of the State Board and resolve disputes among them;
    • Provide technical assistance and guidance to the State Boards, carry out and sponsor investigation and research relating to problems of water and air pollution, and for their prevention, control or abatement;
    • Plan and organise training of persons engaged in programme on the prevention, control or abatement of water and air pollution;
    • Organise through mass media, a comprehensive mass awareness programme on the prevention, control or abatement of water and air pollution;
    • Collect, compile and publish technical and statistical data relating to water and air pollution and the measures devised for their effective prevention, control or abatement;
    • Prepare manuals, codes and guidelines relating to treatment and disposal of sewage and trade effluents as well as for stack gas cleaning devices, stacks and ducts;
    • Disseminate information in respect of matters relating to water and air pollution and their prevention and control;
    • Lay down, modify or annul, in consultation with the State Governments concerned, the standards for stream or well, and lay down standards for the quality of air; and
    • Perform such other function as may be prescribed by the Government of india.
    Functions of the Central Board as State Boards for the Union Territories
    • Advise the Governments of Union Territories with respect to the suitability of any premises or location for carrying on any industry which is likely to pollute a stream or well or cause air pollutions; Lay down standards for treatment of sewage and trade effluents and for emissions from automobiles, industrial plants, and any other polluting source; Evolve efficient methods for disposal of sewage and trade effluents on land; develop reliable and economically viable methods of treatment of sewage, trade effluent and air pollution control equipment; Identify any area or areas within Union Territories as air pollution control area or areas to be notified under the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981; Assess the quality of ambient water and air, and inspect wastewater treatment installations, air pollution control equipment, industrial plants or manufacturing process to evaluate their performance and to take steps for the prevention, control and abatement of air and water pollution.
    As per the policy decision of the Government of India, the CPCB has delegated its powers and functions under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act, 1977 and the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 with respect to Union Territories to respective local administrations. CPCB along with its counterparts State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) are responsible for implementation of legislations relating to prevention and control of environmental pollution.
    1. Shri Ajay Tyagi , IAS 2 3. The Advisor
    Chairman The Joint Secretary Handling Water - Quality Monitoring Works
    Central Pollution Control Board
    ‘Parivesh Bhavan’, East Arjun Nagar,
    Delhi - 110 032
    Tel No.: 011- 22304948, 22307233
    Fax No.: 011- 22304948
    Email.: ccb.cpcb@nic.in     		Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas,
    Shastri Bhawan, Dr. Rajender Pd. Road,
    New Delhi -  110 001
    Tel No.: 011-23386935
    Fax No.: 011-23386479
    Email.: jsr.png@sb.nic.in     		Ministry of Environment & Forests
    ‘Paryavaran Bhavan’, C.G.O.Complex,
    Lodi Road, New Delhi – 110 003
    Tel No.: 011- 24360634
    Fax No.: 011- 24363577
    Email.:
    4. 5. 6.
    The Joint Secretary (CP) The Chairman The Joint Secretary
    Ministry of Environment & Forests
    ‘Paryavaran Bhavan’,
    C.G.O.Complex, Lodi Road,
    New Delhi – 110 003
    Tel No.: 011- 24363956
    Fax No.: 011- 24369192
    Email.:     		Maharashtra Pollution Control Board,
    Kalpataru Points, 3-4th floors,  Sion Matunga Schem Rd.No.6, Opp. Cine Planet, Sion Circle Sion (E), Mumbai-400 022.
    Tel No.: 022 – 22873845, 24020248
    Fax No.: - 022 - 22813947
    Email.: chairman@mpcb.gov.in     		Ministry of Mines,
    R.No. 322 “A” Wing, Shastri Bhavan,
    New Delhi – 110 001
    Tel No.: 011- 23384886
    Fax No.: 011- 23388487
    Email.: jsa.dom@sb.nic
    7. 8. The Chairman 9. Prof. Subhash Chandra Singh
    Additional Secretary & Financial Adviser
    		Chairman,
    Ministry of Environment & Forests
    ‘Paryavaran Bhavan’, C.G.O.Complex,
    Lodi Road, New Delhi – 110 003
    Tel No.: 011- 24362388, 24364968
    Fax No.:- 011 - 24362388
    Email.: asfa-mef@nic.in     		Haryana State Pollution Control Board,
    C-11, Sector – 6, 
    Panchkula (HARYANA) – 134 109
    Tel No.: 2581005, 2581006
    Fax No.: 0172 - 2581201
    Email.: hspcb@hry.nic.in, hspcb.pkl@sify.com     		Bihar State Pollution Control Board,
    Beltron Bhavan, IInd floor,
    Jawaharlal Nehru Marg, Shastri Nagar,
    Patna 800023, Bihar
    Tel No.: 0612 – 2281776, 250
    Fax No.: 0612 – 2281050
    Email.: scsingh40@yahoo.com
    10. Ms. Seema Arora, 11. 12

    		Mayor Chairman,
    Confederation of Indian Industry,
    23, Institutional Area, Lodhi Road, New Delhi – 110 003
    Tel No.: 011 - 41502301 / 02
    Fax No.: 011- 41501924 / 25
    Email.: seema.arora@cii.in     		Allahabad Nagar Nigam,
    5, Khushal Parvat,
    Allahabad – 211 003
    Tel No.: 0532 -  2427223
    Fax No.: 0532 – 2427225
    Email:     		Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board,
    No. 76, Mount  Salai, Guindy,
    Chennai- 600 032.
    Tel No.: 044 – 22353076
    Fax No.: 044 - 22201198
    Email.:
    13. Shri Dipesh Sampat Mehta, 14. Mrs. Deepa Gupta 15. Dr. (Ms.) Meenakshi Kakkar,
    Advocate & Solicitors (U.K) Chartered Accountant General Manager
    Dhoop Chhaon, Plot No. 201,
    Road No. 28, Bandra (West),
    Mumbai – 400 050
    Tel No.: 022 – 26410909
    Fax No.: 022 - 26410808
    Email.: dsm1@vsnl.com     		C-6/77, East of Kailash, New Delhi – 110065
    Tel No.: 011- 26922838
    Fax No.: - 011- 26922838

    Email.: ynj_deepaguptaa@yahoo.com
    ynj_ca@yahoo.com     		Environmental Management Division,
    Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL),
    16th Floor, Scope Minar,
    Laxmi Nagar, New Delhi – 110 092
    Tel No.: 22465009, 22403248
    Fax No.: 22441759, 22467458
    Email.: meenakshi_kakkar@yahoo.com
    b
    16. Shri Jiban Mahapatra, 17. Sh. J. S. Kamyotra
    Chief Manager (Environment), Member Secretary
    National Aluminium Company Limited (NALCO),
    A Govt. of India Enterprise,
    NALCO Bhavan, P/1, Nayapalli,
    Bhubaneshwar – 751 061 (Orissa)
    Tel No.: 0674 - 2300799
    Fax No.: 0674 - 2301608
    Email.:pkmohapatra@nalcoindia.co.in,            jmahapatra@nalcoindia.co.in,
               jjibanmahapatra@hotmail.com     		Central Pollution Control Board
    ‘Parivesh Bhavan’,
    East Arjun Nagar, Delhi – 110 032
    Tel No.: 011- 22307078, 22306155
    Fax No.: 011- 22307078
    Email.: jskamyotra.cpcb@nic.in

    0 0


    Raghuram Rajan meets PM, finance minister; FIIs buy shares worth $1 billion

    Raghuram Rajan - Manmohan Singh
    Prime Minister Manmohan Singh with RBI governor Raghuram Rajan on Septmeber 17, 2013. (PTI photo)
    PTI | Sep 17, 2013, 09.21PM IST
    NEW DELHI: Ahead of his maiden monetary policy review, Reserve Bank governor Raghuram Rajan on Tuesday met Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and finance minister P Chidambaram and discussed the macroeconomic situation.

    "RBI has constant consultation with finance ministry. This meeting was part of that. We discussed the whole gambit of issues," he told reporters after meeting Chidambaram.

    Sources said during his meeting with the Prime Minister, the governor discussed the state of the economy and steps required to address the current slowdown and high inflation.

    Rajan, who was chief economic advisor in the finance ministry before taking over as RBI governor on September 4, is scheduled to announce the mid-quarter monetary policy review on September 20.

    All eyes are on the policy announcement considering the inflation climbing to six months high of 6.1 per cent in August, concerns on depreciating rupee and slowing growth.

    High inflation offers Rajan limited scope to cut key rates as demanded by industry.

    Soon after being named for the new assignment, Rajan had said there was no "magic wand" to pull the economy instantly out of challenges it faces.

    "We have recommended a cut in CRR, repo rate and asked RBI not to restrict the MSF (marginal standing facility) to a particular number ..." State Bank of India (SBI) chairman Pratip Chaudhuri said.

    As the peak festival season is around the corner, bankers are pressing for a cut in cash reserve ratio and policy rates by the Reserve Bank to boost demand for manufactured goods and revive sagging economic growth.

    Demand for loans are expected to go up in the ensuing festive season and banks would be able to disburse loans at the lower rate if RBI cuts rate, Indian Overseas Bank Chairman and Managing Director M Narendra said.

    In its last policy review on July 29, RBI chose to keep all key interest rates unchanged on account of weak rupee.

    Markets have given a thumbs up to Rajan's road map to revive the economy, with the rupee coming off its record low.

    FIIs buy shares worth $1 billion

    Foreign institutional investors (FIIs) have bought shares worth $1 billion in the past eight trading sessions following RBI governor Raghuram Rajan's recent announcements, a Deutsche Bank report said.

    According to the global financial services major, FIIs have recouped around 25 per cent of the outflows seen over the June-August period, when the country witnessed its sharpest bout of FII outflows since the global financial crisis.

    Between June and August 2013, India saw FII outflows of $4 billion, leading to fears of a possible capitulation by FII's, the Deutsche Bank report said.

    "Following incoming governor Raghuram Rajan's announcements on assuaging currency markets and particularly after the news flow over the FCNR-B swap announcements, we have seen the rupee partially recovering its losses and FII's emerging as net buyers of close to USD 1 billion over the past 8 trading sessions," Deutsche Bank said.

    As per the report, investor sentiments were boosted following the recent announcements over the FCNR-B, supportive trade data and easing investment facilitation in debt markets.

    These measures have resulted in imparting "long needed and much sought after credibility over both - the financing of the CAD and the actual CAD," Deutsche Bank said adding a tempering of the Syria risk have also assuaged investors, aiding inflows.

    Moreover, investors are keenly expecting a fuel price hike (both one time as well as a higher monthly calibrated hike). "Convergence of political will on critical economic issues also bodes well," it said.

    The rupee is currently, hovering around the 62/dollar level. The local currency had depreciated to an all-time low of 68.85 on August 28.

    Citing anecdotal evidence, HSBC said bouts of sharp currency depreciation in India have generally been followed by periods of strong FII inflows into equities.

    Earlier, between September and December 2011, a rupee depreciation of 13 per cent was followed by a period of FII inflows of USD 8 billion over the next three months.

    Similarly, rupee depreciation of 11 per cent over March-June 2012 was followed by FII inflows of USD 6 billion over next three months.

    "Investors are now watching both the Fed policy on September 18th and more importantly the RBI credit policy on September 20th," the report said.



    Monetary policy: Raghuram Rajan seen hawkish on debut, may roll back some FX steps

     New Reserve Bank of India chief Raghuram Rajan makes his first monetary policy statement on Friday with expectations he may scale back some of the emergency measures that have helped the rupee bounce from a record low.

    But in a reflection of the policy challenges faced by the former IMF chief economist who has been dubbed "The Guv" by the Indian media, Rajan is likely to strike a hawkish ton...See More

    Photo: Monetary policy: Raghuram Rajan seen hawkish on debut, may roll back some FX steps New Reserve Bank of India chief Raghuram Rajan makes his first monetary policy statement on Friday with expectations he may scale back some of the emergency measures that have helped the rupee bounce from a record low. But in a reflection of the policy challenges faced by the former IMF chief economist who has been dubbed "The Guv" by the Indian media, Rajan is likely to strike a hawkish tone on inflation. With price pressures rising and economic growth running at a decade low, Rajan must find a fine balance in central bank policies to support economic activity without adding fuel to inflation and giving investors fresh reason to sell the currency. "There is a change of guard, so we don't know what the flavour will be, but Rajan is likely to be hawkish and reiterate the importance of low and stable inflation for sustained economic recovery," said Rajeev Malik, senior economist at CLSA in Singapore. Famed for predicting the global financial crisis, Rajan took office at the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) on September 4 as India was confronting its biggest economic crisis since 1991 and wowed central bank-watchers with an action plan on his first day. Since hitting a record low on August 28, marking up losses of about 20 per cent for the year, the rupee has strengthened by 9 per cent. Rajan, 50, pushed back his maiden policy review by two days and will now follow the pivotal meeting of the U.S. Federal Reserve, which later on Wednesday is widely expected to announce a winding down of its extraordinary monetary stimulus.
    15Like· ·

    0 0

     UNDER THE RCMS WE HAVE CIRCULATED TO THE PUBLIC

    Raghavan R --- Four Million Safe Man-Hours for the man hours worked by Associates ---

    From: "Raghavan R" <raghavan@nagarjunagroup.com>
    To ÅllNFCLKKDusers
    Cc "Raju K S" <KSRaju@nagarjunagroup.com>, "Rahul Raju K" <Rahul@nagarjunagroup.com>, "R S Nanda" <Nanda@nagarjunagroup.com>, "P P Singh" <PP_Singh@nagarjunagroup.com>, "M N Bhaskaran" <mnb@nagarjunagroup.com>, "R D Mall" <RDMall@nagarjunagroup.com>, "R M Deshpande" <RMDeshpande@nagarjunagroup.com>, "Durga Prasad R" <rdp@nagarjunagroup.com>, "Ramakanth M" <RamakanthM@nagarjunagroup.com>, "Bhansali Sudhir" <Sudhir@nagarjunagroup.com>, "Mahalingam J" <Mahalingam@nagarjunagroup.com>, "Dr. Pandey" <pandey@nagarjunagroup.com>, "C Nageswara Rao" <CNRao@nagarjunagroup.com>, "S Raja Gopala Reddy" <SRajaGopalaReddy@nagarjunagroup.com>, "MD Joshi" <MDJoshi@nagarjunagroup.com>, "Nagabhushanam Ch" <Nagabhushanam@nagarjunagroup.com>, "Reddappa G" <reddappa@nagarjunagroup.com>, "Yashwant Mukund Bhaid" <YMB@nagarjunagroup.com>, "Jitendra Singh" <JitendraSingh@nagarjunagroup.com>, "M S N Murthy" <msnmurthy@nagarjunagroup.com>, "G V Jagadeesh Kumar" <Jagadeesh@nagarjunagroup.com>, "Dr. Arun K Nair" <ArunNair@nagarjunagroup.com>, "A Nasara Reddy" <ANReddy@nagarjunagroup.com>, "E V Krishnan" <EVKrishnan@nagarjunagroup.com>
    Date: Thu, Sep 19, 2013 09:02
    Subject Four Million Safe Man-Hours for the man hours worked by Associates



    Dear All,

    I am very happy to inform that, we have completed Four Million safe man-hours as on 18.09.2013 for the man-hours worked by associates, which is equivalent to 855 accident-free days.

    I congratulate all the associates for this remarkable achievement.

    I wish that all of us should continue our efforts and strive to embark many more such landmarks in future.

    Best Regards,

    R. Raghavan
    Vice President (Operations & Projects)

    INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE QUIZ

    1. Industrial hygiene concerns itself only with the control of occupational diseases. So its contribution to accident prevention is nil.
    (False)

    2. Safety engineer should only be interested in the physical damage, broken bones and bloody injuries.
    (False)

    3. Safety engineer cannot be away from the control of occupational diseases.
    (True)

    4. It is the responsibility of the industrial hygienist to study an environment for the pollutants and defects and safety engineers come to the picture while implementing the recommendations of the industrial hygienist is taken up
    (True)

    5. The key concepts of industrial hygiene program are:
    (Recognition, evaluation, controle, recommendation)

    6. Evaluation and control of the environment can be purposeful and effective only if the recognition of the pollutant is perfect.
    (True)

    7. Evaluation of an environmental pollution does end with the measurement of concentration of that pollution.
    (False)

    8. A measure of the damage of the environmental pollution on the human being also forms of the evaluation.
    (False)

    9. Controlling an environment calls for much experience.
    (True)

    10. For controlling an environmental pollution that emanates from a process, it is not required to know the nature of the process that is going on.
    (True)

    11. Controle measures taken against taken against environmental pollution differ widely with operations.
    (True)

    12. Some of the chemicals sensitize the skin. Most of the epoxy resins have this quality of the following, Which are sensitizing agents?
    (Araldite, Quick fix, synthetic rubber, tar)

    13. Oil dermatitis can be caused by the contact with.
    (Mineral oils)

    14. Skin disease incidence depends on ..
    (Age, Sex, Dietary habits, Heredity)

    15. Women are more prone to skin disease than men because..
    (Their skin is very tender)

    16. Personal hygiene is more important to fight against Dermatitis.
    (True)

    17. Continuous contact with cloths soiled with an irritant also can cause dermatitis
    (True)

    18. While selecting a glove to guard against dermatitis, the following must be considered
    (Whether the glove will dissolve in the oil against which it is used;
    Whether it will allow any oil through it;
    Whether it will interferes with material handling )

    19. Barrier cream application interferes with material handling.
    (False)

    20. Barrier cream interfere with sweating.
    (False)

    21. Barrier cream is effective only for 2½ hrs. So, only repeated application is purposeful.
    (True)

    22. Barrier cream is effective only if the contact with irritant is going to be just occasional.
    (True)

    23. Barrier cream can also be used against corrosive materials.
    (False)

    24. Barrier cream is a failure against certain chemicals.
    (True)

    25. Aerosols are those that can keep floating in the air, Can you make them in the following?
    (Gas, Mist, fume, Smoke, Vapor, Dust)

    26. Aerosols get in to system only through inhalation.
    (True)

    27. Some of the aerosols enter the system through skin too.
    (True)

    28. Dusts are produced by size reduction of solids.
    (True)

    29. Dusts follow the gravitational law and they do settle down.
    (True)

    30. Their rate of settling depends on.
    (Particle size, density)

    31. Particle size of a dust is mentioned as the diameter of the sphere in which the dust could be accommodated.
    (True)

    32. Nasal hair filter particles whose size goes beyond 10 microns. So, particles of respirable range have a size less than 10 microns.
    (True)

    33. All dusts entering the system settle in lungs.
    (False)

    34. All dusts reach alveoli, the minute sac of the lung, and settle there.
    (False)

    35. When a dust reaches a spot in the lung, fibrous hardening takes place in that spot and this is the defensive mechanism of the system.
    (True)

    36. Those hardening leads to a less oxygen transferring capacity of the lung and this further leads to shortness of breath.
    (True)

    37. The condition of dusty lung is medically called as pneumoconiosis (Pneumo-lung, coni-dust, osis-condition). Can you match the following?
    Dust Condition of lung
    Silica Silicosis
    Asbestos Asbestosis
    Coal Anthracosis
    Alumina Aluminosis
    Iron Siderosis


    38. The damage of a dust is determined by its efficiency to lead to secondary infection.
    (True)

    39. Silica is the most dangerous dust, as the silicotic lung is a good seat for tuberculosis.
    (True)

    40. Gases are defined as formless Fluids which can be compressed to liquids or solids with decrease in temperature and increase in pressure. Can you tick in the following all those that are gases?
    (Ammonia, ozone, carbon monoxide, Nitrogen di-oxide, Sulphur di-oxide, Nitrogen, Oxygen Methane)

    41. Some of the gases when inhaled irritate the mucous membrane of the respiratory system. They are called gaseous irritants. In the following list, tick them:
    (Ozone, Hydrogen chloride, chlorine, oxides of nitrogen, ammonia, sulphur di-oxide)

    42. There is no natural defense mechanism against these irritants
    (True)

    43. Oxides of nitrogen is produced more in the case of gas shielded arc than in manual arc welding.
    (False)

    44. Ozone is produced during arc welding because of the ultra violet radiation. So ozone is produced wherever the radiation reaches.
    (True)

    45. Respiratory tract constricts while inhaling and this constriction is called as spasm. Spasm may not lead to death.
    (True)

    46. Respirators are the best solution to avoid inhaling irritants.
    (False)

    47. Some gases when inhaled interfere with the oxygen transfer at the lung and thus deprive the system of oxygen. They are called asphyxiants. Here follows a list:
    (Carbon monoxide, Carbon Di oxide, Acetylene, Argon, Nitrogen, Helium)

    48. Carbon monoxide combines chemically with hemoglobin to form carboxyl Hemoglobin. So it is called chemical asphyxiate.
    (True)

    49. Gases that transfer with the oxygen transfer, just because of their presence and influence on oxygen partial pressure are called simple asphyxiates. Other than carbon monoxide and Hydrogen Cyanide, the rest come in this list.
    (True)

    50. Exposure to Asphixants only at higher concentrations is fatel.
    (True)

    51. Simple asphyxiants is more harmful than the chemical asphyxiant because it affects the partial pressure of oxygen.
    (False)

    52. Physical asphyxiants require higher concentrations to bring in the damage, while chemical asphyxiants do the same even at lower concentrations.
    (True)

    53. Recovery to normal health is immediate if the man is removed from the environment polluted with an asphyxiant.
    (True)



Posted by on

No comments:

Post a Comment

Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)