ARTESIAN WATER AND GROUNDWATER

 ARTESIAN WATER AND GROUNDWATER

Introduction/Definition:

Groundwater refers to water that occupies the pores and fractures within soil, sediment, and rock layers beneath the Earth's surface. An artesian system occurs when groundwater is confined under pressure in an aquifer between impermeable layers, causing water to rise above the level of the aquifer when tapped by a well. 

The image below illustrates the concept of artesian water and groundwater movement within different geological layers:

• The soil layer covers the surface, followed by loam, sandstone, and rock strata.

• Water exists within permeable layers (sandstone or porous rock) forming aquifers.

• Water well: A manually dug or drilled well accessing the groundwater zone.

• Artesian well: A drilled well into a confined aquifer under pressure, where water flows naturally to the surface without pumping.

• The artesian aquifer lies beneath impermeable layers, maintaining hydrostatic pressure.

Features:

Groundwater is stored in permeable layers like sandstone.

Confined aquifers create artesian conditions due to pressure buildup.

Artesian wells provide water without mechanical pumping.

Geological Significance:

Understanding groundwater flow and artesian systems is critical for water supply, hydrogeology, and sustainable groundwater management. Artesian aquifers are important in areas with limited surface water.

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