EUTROPHICATION

 EUTROPHICATION

Introduction / Definition:

Eutrophication is the process by which a water body becomes overly enriched with nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, leading to excessive growth of algae and phytoplankton. This condition often results from agricultural runoff, sewage discharge, and other nutrient inputs from human activities. Eutrophication significantly alters aquatic ecosystems and can cause severe environmental problems.

PROCESS OF EUTROPHICATION:

1. Nutrient Enrichment:

Nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus enter the water body from external sources.

2. Increase in Phytoplankton:

These nutrients promote excessive growth of phytoplankton and algae bloom on the water surface.

3. Blocking of Sunlight:

Sediments and algal blooms reduce sunlight penetration, affecting aquatic plants such as seagrass.

4. Algae Death and Decay:

When algae die, they decompose, consuming large amounts of oxygen during the decay process.

5. Oxygen Depletion:

This leads to hypoxia (low oxygen) or anoxia (no oxygen), harming fish and other aquatic organisms.

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES:

Loss of food, habitat, and oxygen production for aquatic life.

Decline in biodiversity and fish kills.

Disruption of ecosystem balance.

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Dreamstime.com (as indicated on the image).

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