Water quality monitoring at pump storage plants should ideally be conducted at least monthly for bacteriological parameters and at least annually for chemical parameters, as recommended by the Jal Jeevan Mission. More frequent monitoring, such as bi-monthly or even weekly, may be necessary for specific parameters or locations with potential pollution concerns.
Frequency Recommendations:
Bacteriological Monitoring:
Monthly, with at least two weeks between sampling events, is a common recommendation from Auburn University.
Chemical Monitoring:
At least once per year, with some parameters potentially requiring more frequent monitoring.
Seasonal or Bi-monthly:
For surface water monitoring, sampling every two months (e.g., May/June, August, October, December, February, and April) is suggested, according to the CPCB.
Monthly Frequency:
For certain parameters or locations with high pollution risks, monthly monitoring may be necessary.
Parameters to Monitor:
Bacteriological: Focus on indicator bacteria like E. coli to assess fecal contamination.
Chemical: Include parameters like pH, conductivity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), and metals (lead, copper, etc.).
Other Parameters: Consider pesticides, herbicides, and other contaminants depending on the specific context and potential sources of pollution.
Additional Considerations:
Baseline and Trend Stations:
Establish both baseline stations for long-term data collection and trend stations to monitor changes over time.
Flux Stations:
For locations where pollutants are discharged, increase the sampling frequency to 12 or 24 times per year.
Quality Assurance:
Implement a quality assurance program to ensure accuracy and reliability of monitoring data.
Accreditation:
Seek accreditation for water quality laboratories to ensure they meet established standards.
Inter-Laboratory Quality Assurance:
Participate in proficiency testing programs to maintain data quality.
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