Nano urea synthesis involves converting conventional urea into nanoparticles, typically around 20-30 nanometers in size, using nanotechnology techniques.

 Nano urea synthesis involves converting conventional urea into nanoparticles, typically around 20-30 nanometers in size, using nanotechnology techniques. This process enhances nutrient uptake by plants, reduces the amount of fertilizer needed, and minimizes environmental impact by reducing leaching and volatilization. 

Here's a more detailed explanation of the synthesis process:

1. Dissolution and Preparation:

Conventional urea is dissolved in deionized water to create a solution.

A surfactant, like sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), may be added to prevent the nanoparticles from clumping together. 

2. Nanoparticle Formation:

High-Pressure Homogenization:

This method involves forcing the urea solution through a narrow space at high pressure, causing the urea molecules to break down into smaller nanoparticles. 

Sonication:

High-frequency ultrasonic waves (sonication) can also be used to break down urea molecules and create nanoparticles. 

Other methods:

Spinning cone reactors, nano-channel reactors, combustion synthesis, and spray drying are also mentioned in patents as potential methods for nano urea synthesis. 

3. Coating and Encapsulation (Optional):

Nano urea particles can be coated with a nano-polymer to facilitate slow and gradual release when applied to plants. 

4. Characterization:

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is used to analyze the morphology and size of the synthesized nano urea particles. 

Key Advantages of Nano Urea:

Increased Efficiency:

Nano urea particles are more readily absorbed by plants, leading to higher nutrient use efficiency (NUE).

Reduced Fertilizer Usage:

Due to increased efficiency, farmers can use less nano urea compared to conventional urea to achieve the same results.

Environmental Benefits:

Nano urea reduces the risk of nitrogen loss through leaching and volatilization, minimizing environmental pollution.

Slow and Sustained Release:

Coating nano urea with polymers can help release nitrogen gradually, providing a continuous supply to the plant.