●●●A GIS substation
Wonderful conversation during Skill development with Shri SK Valli sir and Simachalam sidda sir.
(Gas-Insulated Substation) works by using SF, gas (sulfur hexafluoride) as the main insulating and arc-quenching medium instead of air. Because SF, has excellent insulation strength, all high-voltage parts are enclosed inside sealed metal compartments, making the substation compact, safe, and reliable.
1)Incoming Transmission Line
Power enters the GIS through bushings or gas-to-air terminations
The voltage can be 66 kV, 132 kV, 220 kV, 400 kV, or higher
2) Busbars
Conductors carrying power to different bays
Enclosed in SF-filled metal tubes
Insulated and protected from dust, moisture, and pollution
3) Disconnector (Isolator)
Provides visible isolation for maintenance
Operates only when no load current is flowing
Ensures safety by physically separating sections
4) Circuit Breaker (CB)
The most critical part Opens/closes the circuit during:
Normal switching
Fault conditions
Fault conditions
✅️When contacts separate:
An arc forms
SF, gas rapidly extinguishes the arc
Protects equipment and system stability
5)Current Transformer (CT)
Measures current
Sends scaled-down signals to:
Protection relays
Meters
6)Voltage Transformer (VT/PT)
Measures voltage and
Used for:
Metering
rotection
Control systems
7)Earthing Switch
Grounds isolated sections
Removes trapped charges
Ensures safe maintenance
8)Outgoing Feeder / Transformer
Power exits the GIS to:
Power transformers
Distribution lines
■■■Basic Principle
In a GIS substation:
Current flows through conductors enclosed in metal chambers SF, gas insulates live parts and extinguishes arcs during switching
Equipment like circuit breakers, disconnectors, and busbars are modular and enclosed
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