How Batteries Work | The Chemistry Behind Lithium-Ion Batteries

 How Batteries Work | The Chemistry Behind Lithium-Ion Batteries

Ever wondered how your smartphone, laptop and electric car get their power? 

The answer lies in Electrochemistry! Lithium-ion batteries convert chemical energy into electrical energy through fascinating oxidation and reduction reactions.

Key Chemistry Concepts:

Anode: Graphite electrode that stores lithium ions.
Cathode: Metal oxide electrode, such as lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO₂).
Electrolyte: Allows lithium ions to move between electrodes.
Separator: Prevents direct contact between the electrodes.
Oxidation: Lithium loses electrons at the anode.
Reduction: Lithium ions and electrons are incorporated into the cathode during discharge.

Important Electrochemical Reaction:

Li → Li⁺ + e⁻

Did You Know?

Lithium-ion batteries are rechargeable because lithium ions move back towards the graphite anode during charging.

Why Do Batteries Degrade?

Repeated charging and discharging can cause structural changes in electrodes and electrolyte decomposition, gradually reducing battery capacity.