1000PPM ATOMIC ABSORPTION STANDARDS
This page provides a list of metals analysed by atomic absorption spectroscopy, and gives info on how to prepare a 1000 ppm AA standard solution from the pure element or from one of its salt. Use deionized water and store all solutions in stoppered polythene bottles.
PREPARATION OF 1000PM STOCK AA STANDARDS
Aluminium
Dissolve 1.000 g of Aluminium metal in 25ml. of hydrochloric acid (S.G. 1.18) and a few drops of nitric acid (S.G. 1.42) Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water.
Antimony
Dissolve 1.000g antimony in 10ml. conc. hydrochloric acid, a few drops of conc. nitric acid, and 10g of tartaric acid. Dilute to 1 litre with deionised water.
Arsenic
Dissolve 1.000g of arsenic powder in 50ml. conc. nitric acid. Dilute to 1 litre with deionised water or
Dissolve 1.3200g arsenous oxide (As2O3) , dried to 110°C, in 50ml. of conc. hydrochloric acid. Dilute to 1 litre with deionised water.
Barium
Dissolve 1.4380g.of barium carbonate (BaCO3) in 20ml. 1M hydrochloric acid. Dilute to 1litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water.
Beryllium
Dissolve 19.639g. of beryllium sulphate (BeSO4) in 250 deionised water. Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water.
Bismuth
Dissolve 1.000g. of bismuth metal in 50ml. conc. nitric acid Dilute to 1litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water.
Dissolve 1.1148g. of bismuth trioxide (Bi2O3) in the minimum quantity of comc. hydrochloric acid. Dilute to 1litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water.
Boron
Dissolve 5.1744g. of boric acid (H3BO3) in 500ml. of deionised water. Dilute to 1litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water..
Cadmium
Dissolve 1.000g. of cadmium metal in 20ml. of 5M.hydrochloric acid and 2 drops of conc. nitric acid. Dilute to 1litre with deionised water.
Dissolve 2.0360g. of cadmium chloride in 250 ml deionised water.Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask.
Dissolve 2.1032g. of cadmium nitrate in 250ml.of deionised water. Diluteto1 litre in a volumetric flask.
Caesium
Dissolve 1.2670g. of caesium chloride (CsCl) in 100ml. of deionised water. Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water.
Calcium
Dissolve 2.4973g. of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in 25ml. of 1M hydrochloric acid. This should be added dropwise to avoid losses during the vigorous effervescence. Dilute to 1litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water.
Dissolve 2.7693g. of calcium chloride (CaCl2) in 100ml. deionised water. Dilute to 1litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water.
Chromium
Dissolve 7.6960g. of chromium nitrate (Cr(NO3)3.9H2O) in 250ml.of deionised water. Dilute with more deionised water in 1 litre vol. Flask.
Cobalt
Dissolve 1.000g. of cobalt metal in 50ml. of 5M hydrochloric acid. Dilute to 1litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water.or
Dissolve 4.9379g. of cobalt nitrate (Co(NO3)2.6H2O in 250 ml. deionised water. Dilute to 1litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water.
Dissolve 4.0380g. of cobalt (11) chloride (CoCl2.6H2O) in 200ml. deionised water. Dilute to 1litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water.
Copper
Dissolve 1.000g. of copper metal in 50ml. of 5M nitric acid. Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water. or
Dissolve 3.7980g. of (Cu(NO3)2.3H2O in 250ml. of deionised water. Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water.
Gold
Dissolve 1.000g. of gold metal in 15ml. of conc. hydrochloric acid and 5ml. of conc. nitric acid. Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water.or
Dissolve 1.8110g. of ammonium chloroaurate (NH4AuCl4) in 100ml.of deionised water. Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water.
Iron
Dissolve 1.000g. of iron wire or granules in 20ml. of 5M hydrochloric acid Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water.or
Dissolve 4.8400g. of iron (111) chloride (FeCl3.6H2O) in 200ml. of deionised water. Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised.water
Lanthanum
Dissolve 1.1782g. of lanthanum oxide (La2O3) in 20ml. of 5M hydrochloric acid. Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water.
Lead
Dissolve 1.000g.of lead metal in 50ml. of 2M nitric acid. Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water.
Dissolve1.5980g. of lead nitrate ( Pb(NO3)2 ) in 100ml. of deionised water. Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water.
Magnesium
Dissolve 1.000g. of magnesium metal in 50ml. of 5M hydrochloric acid. Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water.or
Dissolve 3.9160g. of magnesium chloride (MgCl2.6H2O) in 200ml. of deionised water. Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water.
Manganese
Dissolve 1.000g. of manganese metal in50ml. of conc. hydrochloric acid. Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water.
Dissolve 3.6077g. of manganesse chloride (MnCl2.4H20) in 50ml. conc. hydrochloric acid. Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water.
Mercury
Dissolve 1.000g. of mercury metal in20ml. of 5M nitric acid. Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water.or
Dissolve 1.3520g. of mercury (11) chloride (HgCl2) in 250ml. of deionised water. Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water. or
Dissolve 1 .0800g. of mercury (11) oxide (HgO) in 20ml. of 5M hydrochloric acid. Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water.
Molybdenum
Dissolve 1.000g. of molybdenum powder in 10 ml. of conc. hydrochloric acid and 10ml. of deionised water. Add 1ml. of conc.nitric acid. Use a magnetic stirrer to completely dissolve the molybdenum. Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water. or
Dissolve 1.8403g. of ammonium molybdate (NH4)6MO7O22.4H2O in 500ml. of deionised water. Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water. or
Dissolve 1.5000g. of molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) in 25ml. conc. hydrochloric acid. Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water.
Nickel
Dissolve 1.000g. of nickel in 20ml. of conc. nitric acid. Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water.or
Dissolve 4.9530g. of nickel nitrate (Ni(NO3)2.6H2O) in 1 litre volumetric flask with deionised water.
Potassium
Dissolve1 1.9070 g. of dry potassium chloride in 250 ml. of deionised water. Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water.
Silica
Dissolve about 7.6 g. of sodium metasilicate (Na2SiO3.5H2O in deionised water. Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water.
Silver
Dissolve 1.5750 of silver nitrate in 200ml. of deionised water. Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water.
Sodium
Dissolve 2.5420g. of sodium chloride (NaCl) in 200ml. of deionised water. Dilute with deionised water to 1 litre in a volumetric flask.
Strontium
Dissolve 2.4150g. of strontium nitrate (Sr(NO3)2 in 200ml. of deionised water. Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with water.
Tin
Dissolve 1.000g. of tin metal in 200ml. of conc. hydrochloric acid and 5ml. of conc.nitric acid. Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water. or
Dissolve 2.9540 of tin (1V) chloride pentachloride (SnCl4.5H2O) in 500ml. deionised water.If precipitate forms, redissolve by adding 6M hydrochloric acid. Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water
Uranium
Dissolve 21.100g. of uranyl nitrate (UO2(NO3)26H2O) in 250ml. of deionised water. Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water.or
Dissolve 14.329g. of uranyl chloride (UO2Cl2) in 250ml. of deionised water. Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water.
Vanadium
Dissolve 1.000g. of vanadium metal in 25ml.conc.nitric acid. Dilute to 1 litre.
Dissolve 2.2960g. of ammonium metavanadate (NH4VO3) in 20ml. of 100 volume hydrogen peroxide. Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water.
Zinc
Dissolve 1.000g. of zinc metal in 30ml. of 5M hydrochloric acid. Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water.or
Dissolve 1.2450g. of zinc oxide (ZnO) in 5ml of deionised water followed by 25ml. of 5M hydrochloric acid. Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water
Zirconium
Dissolve 1.000g. of zirconium metal in 25ml. of hydrofluoric acid (40% w / v) in a P.T.F.E. beaker. Dilute to 1 litre in a polpropylene volumetric flask with deionised water, or
Dissolve 3.7174g. of dry zirconium nitrate in 1 litre deionised water
Dissolve 1.000g antimony in 10ml. conc. hydrochloric acid, a few drops of conc. nitric acid, and 10g of tartaric acid. Dilute to 1 litre with deionised water.
Arsenic
Dissolve 1.000g of arsenic powder in 50ml. conc. nitric acid. Dilute to 1 litre with deionised water or
Dissolve 1.3200g arsenous oxide (As2O3) , dried to 110°C, in 50ml. of conc. hydrochloric acid. Dilute to 1 litre with deionised water.
Barium
Dissolve 1.4380g.of barium carbonate (BaCO3) in 20ml. 1M hydrochloric acid. Dilute to 1litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water.
Beryllium
Dissolve 19.639g. of beryllium sulphate (BeSO4) in 250 deionised water. Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water.
Bismuth
Dissolve 1.000g. of bismuth metal in 50ml. conc. nitric acid Dilute to 1litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water.
Dissolve 1.1148g. of bismuth trioxide (Bi2O3) in the minimum quantity of comc. hydrochloric acid. Dilute to 1litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water.
Boron
Dissolve 5.1744g. of boric acid (H3BO3) in 500ml. of deionised water. Dilute to 1litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water..
Cadmium
Dissolve 1.000g. of cadmium metal in 20ml. of 5M.hydrochloric acid and 2 drops of conc. nitric acid. Dilute to 1litre with deionised water.
Dissolve 2.0360g. of cadmium chloride in 250 ml deionised water.Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask.
Dissolve 2.1032g. of cadmium nitrate in 250ml.of deionised water. Diluteto1 litre in a volumetric flask.
Caesium
Dissolve 1.2670g. of caesium chloride (CsCl) in 100ml. of deionised water. Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water.
Calcium
Dissolve 2.4973g. of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in 25ml. of 1M hydrochloric acid. This should be added dropwise to avoid losses during the vigorous effervescence. Dilute to 1litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water.
Dissolve 2.7693g. of calcium chloride (CaCl2) in 100ml. deionised water. Dilute to 1litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water.
Chromium
Dissolve 7.6960g. of chromium nitrate (Cr(NO3)3.9H2O) in 250ml.of deionised water. Dilute with more deionised water in 1 litre vol. Flask.
Cobalt
Dissolve 1.000g. of cobalt metal in 50ml. of 5M hydrochloric acid. Dilute to 1litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water.or
Dissolve 4.9379g. of cobalt nitrate (Co(NO3)2.6H2O in 250 ml. deionised water. Dilute to 1litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water.
Dissolve 4.0380g. of cobalt (11) chloride (CoCl2.6H2O) in 200ml. deionised water. Dilute to 1litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water.
Copper
Dissolve 1.000g. of copper metal in 50ml. of 5M nitric acid. Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water. or
Dissolve 3.7980g. of (Cu(NO3)2.3H2O in 250ml. of deionised water. Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water.
Gold
Dissolve 1.000g. of gold metal in 15ml. of conc. hydrochloric acid and 5ml. of conc. nitric acid. Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water.or
Dissolve 1.8110g. of ammonium chloroaurate (NH4AuCl4) in 100ml.of deionised water. Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water.
Iron
Dissolve 1.000g. of iron wire or granules in 20ml. of 5M hydrochloric acid Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water.or
Dissolve 4.8400g. of iron (111) chloride (FeCl3.6H2O) in 200ml. of deionised water. Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised.water
Lanthanum
Dissolve 1.1782g. of lanthanum oxide (La2O3) in 20ml. of 5M hydrochloric acid. Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water.
Lead
Dissolve 1.000g.of lead metal in 50ml. of 2M nitric acid. Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water.
Dissolve1.5980g. of lead nitrate ( Pb(NO3)2 ) in 100ml. of deionised water. Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water.
Magnesium
Dissolve 1.000g. of magnesium metal in 50ml. of 5M hydrochloric acid. Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water.or
Dissolve 3.9160g. of magnesium chloride (MgCl2.6H2O) in 200ml. of deionised water. Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water.
Manganese
Dissolve 1.000g. of manganese metal in50ml. of conc. hydrochloric acid. Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water.
Dissolve 3.6077g. of manganesse chloride (MnCl2.4H20) in 50ml. conc. hydrochloric acid. Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water.
Mercury
Dissolve 1.000g. of mercury metal in20ml. of 5M nitric acid. Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water.or
Dissolve 1.3520g. of mercury (11) chloride (HgCl2) in 250ml. of deionised water. Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water. or
Dissolve 1 .0800g. of mercury (11) oxide (HgO) in 20ml. of 5M hydrochloric acid. Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water.
Molybdenum
Dissolve 1.000g. of molybdenum powder in 10 ml. of conc. hydrochloric acid and 10ml. of deionised water. Add 1ml. of conc.nitric acid. Use a magnetic stirrer to completely dissolve the molybdenum. Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water. or
Dissolve 1.8403g. of ammonium molybdate (NH4)6MO7O22.4H2O in 500ml. of deionised water. Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water. or
Dissolve 1.5000g. of molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) in 25ml. conc. hydrochloric acid. Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water.
Nickel
Dissolve 1.000g. of nickel in 20ml. of conc. nitric acid. Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water.or
Dissolve 4.9530g. of nickel nitrate (Ni(NO3)2.6H2O) in 1 litre volumetric flask with deionised water.
Potassium
Dissolve1 1.9070 g. of dry potassium chloride in 250 ml. of deionised water. Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water.
Silica
Dissolve about 7.6 g. of sodium metasilicate (Na2SiO3.5H2O in deionised water. Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water.
Silver
Dissolve 1.5750 of silver nitrate in 200ml. of deionised water. Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water.
Sodium
Dissolve 2.5420g. of sodium chloride (NaCl) in 200ml. of deionised water. Dilute with deionised water to 1 litre in a volumetric flask.
Strontium
Dissolve 2.4150g. of strontium nitrate (Sr(NO3)2 in 200ml. of deionised water. Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with water.
Tin
Dissolve 1.000g. of tin metal in 200ml. of conc. hydrochloric acid and 5ml. of conc.nitric acid. Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water. or
Dissolve 2.9540 of tin (1V) chloride pentachloride (SnCl4.5H2O) in 500ml. deionised water.If precipitate forms, redissolve by adding 6M hydrochloric acid. Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water
Uranium
Dissolve 21.100g. of uranyl nitrate (UO2(NO3)26H2O) in 250ml. of deionised water. Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water.or
Dissolve 14.329g. of uranyl chloride (UO2Cl2) in 250ml. of deionised water. Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water.
Vanadium
Dissolve 1.000g. of vanadium metal in 25ml.conc.nitric acid. Dilute to 1 litre.
Dissolve 2.2960g. of ammonium metavanadate (NH4VO3) in 20ml. of 100 volume hydrogen peroxide. Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water.
Zinc
Dissolve 1.000g. of zinc metal in 30ml. of 5M hydrochloric acid. Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water.or
Dissolve 1.2450g. of zinc oxide (ZnO) in 5ml of deionised water followed by 25ml. of 5M hydrochloric acid. Dilute to 1 litre in a volumetric flask with deionised water
Zirconium
Dissolve 1.000g. of zirconium metal in 25ml. of hydrofluoric acid (40% w / v) in a P.T.F.E. beaker. Dilute to 1 litre in a polpropylene volumetric flask with deionised water, or
Dissolve 3.7174g. of dry zirconium nitrate in 1 litre deionised water
Source: Pye Unicam "Atomic Absorption Data Book" 1979.
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