The KEL PLUS equipment utilizes the Kjeldahl method to determine nitrogen content, which is a crucial step in protein estimation

 The KEL PLUS equipment utilizes the Kjeldahl method to determine nitrogen content, which is a crucial step in protein estimation. The principle involves digestion, distillation, and titration. Digestion converts nitrogen in organic matter to ammonia, which is then distilled and trapped in an acid solution. Finally, the ammonia concentration is determined by titration, according to the Indian Institute of Millets Research. 

Detailed Explanation:

1. Digestion:

The sample is heated with concentrated sulfuric acid in the presence of a salt and catalyst. This converts all nitrogen in organic molecules into ammonium sulfate, states Indian Institute of Millets Research.

2. Distillation:

The digested sample is then heated again, and the ammonium sulfate is converted into ammonia gas.

This ammonia gas is then distilled and trapped in a receiver solution, explains Indian Institute of Millets Research.

3. Titration:

The concentration of ammonia in the receiver solution is then determined by back titration with a standardized acid. The amount of acid required to neutralize the ammonia is proportional to the nitrogen content in the original sample, explained by the Indian Institute of Millets Research. 

KEL PLUS Features:

Microprocessor-based control:

The KEL PLUS systems often incorporate microprocessors for automation and precise control of digestion, distillation, and titration processes. 

Automatic sequencing:

Many KEL PLUS systems offer fully automated sequencing with pre-programmed steps for efficient and consistent analysis. 

Safety features:

These systems are designed with safety features such as separate control towers to protect electronics from wet chemistry, and alarms for process completion or issues. 

Touch screen and software:

Many KEL PLUS systems have touch screens and built-in software for easy operation, data logging, and analysis. 

Versatile digestion systems:

Some KEL PLUS systems can accommodate different sizes of digestion tubes and manifold systems, allowing for flexibility in sample analysis.