PLANT AND POLLUTION

PLANT AND POLLUTION

0501-287. Chapla J, Kamalakar JA (Dept Bot, Univ Coll Women, Osmania Univ, Koti, Hyderabad 500 095). Metabolic responses of tropical trees to ozone pollution. J Environ Bio, 25(3)(2004), 287-290 [13 Ref].

Plants fumigated with 40ppbv, 80 ppbv and 120ppbv concentrations of O3 exhibited significant reduction in total chlorophyll content, RuBP carboxylase activity and net photosynthesis. The reduction in total chlorophyll activity ranged from 12 to 36% in Bauhinia variegata, 11 to 35% in Ficus infectoria and 3 to 26% in Pongamia pinnata on fumigation with O3, while the RuBP carboxylase activity was reduced by 10 to 32% in Bauhinia variegata, 10 to 32% in Ficus infectoria and 9 to 15% in Pongamia pinnata. The relative higher sensitivity of tropical trees to O3 suggests that the ambient air quality standards in tropical tree areas need to be stringent to prevent vegetation from air pollution.

0501-288. Chauhan SVS, Chaurasia Bharati, Rana Anita (Dept Bot, Sch Life Sci, BR Ambedkar Univ, Agra 282 002). Impact of air pollution on floral morphology of Cassia siamea Lamk. J Environ Bio, 25(3)(2004), 291-297 [14 Ref].

Cassia siamea plants growing at two different sites (polluted and non-polluted) on two important roads of Agra city exhibited significant differences in their flowering phenology and floral morophology. The flowering in plants growing at polluted site is delayed and there was a marked reduction in flowering density, flowering period, size of floral parts, pollen fertility, fruit and seed-set. These changes were found to be closely associated with the extent of air pollution caused mainly by significant in the number of automobiles.

0501-289. Dwivedi Yamini, Kumar Suresh, Jain RK (Bot Dept, BSA Coll, Mathura 281 004). Effect of non treated and treated effluents of saree printing industries on seed germination and seedling growth of Citrullus lanatus fistulosus. Indian J Environ Sci, 8(2)(2004), 129-131 [9 Ref].

Maximum seed germination as well as seedling growth were found in 2.5-5% concentration of non-treated effluent. On the other hand 75-95% germination was observed in treated one. There was no germination in 50-100% concentrations of non-treated effluent. The seedling growth was better in treated effluent when compared with control (ground water).

0501-290. Gupta AK, Ray Bishwas (Dept Bot, SB (PG) Coll, Baragaon, Varanasi 221 204). Bioaccumulation of cadmium, zinc, copper and chromium by Withania somnifera. Nature Env Polln Techno, 4(1)(2005), 131-135 [20 Ref].

The metal accumulation potential of Withania somnifera was investigated performing pot experiments. The concentration and duration played important role in bioaccumulation of these metals. The metal accumulation was found to be higher in case of root than in the shoot. The accumulation trend was Cr>Cu>Cd>Zn. The findings indicate that the plant has enough tolerance to these metals, so can be used for flushing of industrial effluents and waste waters.

0501-291. Naik DP, Ushamalini, Somashekar RK (Jnana Bharathi, Bangalore Univ, Bangalore 560 056). Reduction of protein and chlorophyll contents in some plant species due to some stone quarrying activity. Environ Polln Contl J, 8(2)(2005), 42-44 [11 Ref].

Study has been carried out in selected quarry locations of Bangalore district for the determination of protein and chlorophyll contents in Calotropis gigantia (L) R. Br, Muntingia calabora, and Annona squamosa located in the vicinity near stone crushing units during summer, monsoon, and winter seasons. A significant reduction in protein and chlorophyll contents of the sampled leaves was observed compared to control, which may be attributed to the high emission and leaf deposition of dust, which adversely affects the metabolic activity of the plant.

0501-292. Nath Kamlesh, Saini Sonia, Sharma Yogesh Kumar* (* Bot Dept, Lucknow Univ, Lucknow 226 007). Chromium in tannery industry effluent and its effect on plant metabolism and growth. J Environ Bio, 26(2)(2005), 197-204 [35 Ref].

Different dilution levels of tannery treated effluent (10, 25 & 50%) and their corresponding concentration of chromium (Cr+6) (2, 5 & 10 ppm) were studied in a petridish culture experiment on seed germination and seedling growth in radish (Raphanus sativus L.) Result showed reduction in seedling growth and related enzymatic activities with increase in concentration of Cr+6 in treatments and effluent both. The low concentration of chromium (2 ppm) and effluent dilution (10%) showed significant growth reduction separately.

0501-293. Pandey SN (Dept Bot, Univ Lucknow, Lucknow 226 007). Industrial effluents and its effect on seed germination and seedling growth of Zea mays Linn. and Oryza sativa Linn. Biol Memoirs, 30(2)(2004), 104-107 [19 Ref].

Study deals with the effect of effluent from electroplating industry. Effluent showed inhibitory effect on seed germination and seedling growth in the test plants. In Zea mays about 80% mortality of seedlings followed by leaf necrosis and browning of root tips was recorded after 15 days of growth and in Oryza sativa about 60% mortality followed by needle like necrotic tip in lives and necrotic brown tip of roots was recorded after 18 days of growth. Severity of toxicity was reduced after the dilution of effluent to 50%.

0501-294. Seetharaman N, Dhanavel D, Vembu B (Dept Bot, Annamalai Univ, Annamalai Nagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu). Effect of induced heavy metal, nickel on somatic chromosomes of Allium cepa L. Nature Env Polln Techno, 3(4)(2004), 481-484 [9 Ref].

Paper studies the effect of heavy metal nickel, both on the somatic chromosome behaviour and on the pattern of mitotic division of Allium cepa L. roots. In all the concentrations roots were treated for 4 equal durations, each being 1 hour (1 to 4 hours duration at each concentration). A control was maintained with the roots treated with distilled water. The results are discussed.

0501-295. Sharma A, Aery NC (Dept Bot, ML Sukhadia Univ, Udaipur 313 002, Rajasthan). Phytostabilisation of tailing dams: a quantification of physiological and biological responses in plants. J Environ Sci Engng, 46(4)(2004), 261-267 [27 Ref].

Effect of unamended and variously amended tailings of Rajpura-Dariba mines, Udaipur, India was studied on certain physiological and biochemical responses of plants. Plants grown in unamended tailings, showed reduction in shoot-root length, shoot-root dry weight, chlorophyll content and an increase in total phenol contents and peroxidase activity. Ameliorations resulted in an increase in growth and chlorophyll contents, a decrease in total phenol contents and reduction in peroxidase activity in the test plants.

0501-296. Sharma Navin Kumar (Dept Environ Std, Sch Life Sci, Dr. BRA Univ, Khandari Campus, Agra 282 002). Assessment of air pollution load and its effect on jawar (Sorghum vulgare) crop plant performances and soil physical-chemical characteristics. Oikoassay, 17(1&2)(2004), 11-14 [10 Ref].

Among the five localities selected in Agra district, maximum air pollution in terms of SO2, NOx and SPM was obtained at Gwalior road and minimum at Dayalbagh. Analysis of variance of Kharif crop-Jawar plant analysis had shown significant values of plants height, number of plants and yield as the determining factor. Considering soil physical-chemical analysis results clearly indicate no direct impact of air pollution load on the Jawar crop and edaphic characteristics.

0501-297. Siddique Iram, Ansari MYK (Dept Bot, Aligarh Muslim Univ, Aligarh 202 002, UP). Studies on the genotoxic effect of pollution on brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) growing around Harduaganj thermal power plant. Nature Env Polln Techno, 4(1)(2005), 13-17 [6 Ref].

Study reveals the genotoxic effect of pollutants emitted by Harduaganj thermal power plant on Solanum melongena. Due to the effects of various pollutants the chromosomal abnormalities like reduced chiasma frequency, increased number of univalents, multivalents, laggards, stickiness, precocious separation of chromosomes and pollen sterility have been observed. It is suggested that pollution is the major cause of chromosomal/genic variations in S. melongena growing around thermal power plant.

0501-298. Singh Ashok Kumar, Agarwal Ashok K, Mathur PK (56, Ashok Tent House, Sonkh Rd, Krishna Nagar, Mathura 281 004). Impact on seedling survival of Vigna mungo in saree printing industry effluent contaminated soil amended with varying dosage of composted rice husk. Indian J Envion Sci, 9(1)(2005), 53-55 [11 Ref].

The germination was 100 percent in contaminated soil amended by composted rice husk concentration of 15%, 20% and 25% while it decreased a little (20%) in contaminated soil without any amendment. The result showed that the germination percentage and total biomass were improved by rice husk amendment but root and shoot length were only little indicating that fertility of polluted soil may be restored by rice husk amendment.

0501-299. Singh Vandna, Rajpal Shalini, Khan MG (52/6, Paliwal Flats, Radha Vihar, Kamla Nagar, Agra 282 005). Physiological responses of pea (Pisum sativum L.) to cobalt and molybdenum under salinity I: growth and root development. Indian J Environ Sci, 9(1)(2005), 23-25 [14 Ref].

Pea (Pisum sativum L Var. arvenses) plants when subjected to sodium chloride salinity showed marked reduction in germination, dry weights of root and shoot and number of root branches. On the other hand, plants exhibited a substantial enhancement in these physiological parameters when supplied with cobalt and molybdenum under saline as well as non saline conditions. It is inferred that salinity caused reduction in crop plants may partially be alleviated by these deficient micronutrients, if provided in appropriate concentrations.

0501-300. Singh Vandna, Rajpal Shalini, Khan MG (52/6, Paliwal Flats, Radha Vihar, Kamla Nagar, Agra 282 005). Physiological responses of pea (Pisum sativum L.) to cobalt and molybdenum under salinity II: pigment composition, total nitrogen, protein content and proline accumulation. Indian J Environ Sci, 9(1)(2005), 27-29 [16 Ref].

Inclusion of cobalt and molybdenum in nutrient medium brought about a substantial increase in pigments composition, total N content, protein content whereas proline accumulation was reduced in pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Arvenses) plants grown under NaCl salinity. Between the two micronutrients, the effect of cobalt was more pronounced and consistent and it was more so at lower (50 µM) concentration in saline as well non-saline conditions.

0501-301. Trivedi AK, Ahmad I, Musthapa MS, Ansari FA, Rahman Q (Fibre Toxico Div, Indl Toxico Res Cent, PB No 80, MG Marg, Lucknow 226 001). Environmental contamination of chrysotile asbestos and its toxic effects on growth and physiological and biochemical parameters of Lemna gibba. Arch Environ Contam Toxico, 47(3)(2004), 281-289 [60 Ref].

Lemna gibba plants were exposed to two concentrations of chrysotile asbestos and control plants were cultured in medium without chrysotile asbestos. An inhibition effect of chrysotile exposure was found on the number of fronds, root length, and biomass. Similar alterations in contents of chlorophyll, carotenoid, total free sugar, starch and protein were also found. The results indicate oxidative stress and phytotoxicity of chrysotile asbestos on duckweed.

0501-302. Uijily Maria Elizabeth, Kumaraguru AK (Dept Bot, St Mary’s Coll, Tuticorin 628 001). Accumulation of heavy metals in some species of lichens in south Tamil Nadu, India. J Environ Sci Engng, 46(3)(2004), 186-193 [10 Ref].

Lichens accumulate heavy metals and have been used as bio-indicators in pollution monitoring. Nine lichen species were collected from urban, rural and hilly areas in the southern part of Tamil Nadu. Accumulation of metals differed with species and also with respect of their locations. Among the nine species, Pyxine petricola collected from urban areas showed greater accumulation of the heavy metals.

0501-303. Yogeetha MS, Prakash MS, Ramakrishna Parama VR, Ramegowda (Dept Civil Engng, PES Coll Engng, Mandya 571 401, Karnataka). Effect of Cr in irrigation water on germination and growth of french beans (Dolichos lablab L.). J Environ Sci Engng, 46(3)(2004), 194-202 [18 Ref].

The effect of Cr in irrigation water on seed germination and growth of french bean (Bolichos lablab L.) was investigated. Germination studies were conducted in the lab and field conditions. Seeds were treated with different concentrations (0 to 25 mg/l) of Cr in irrigation water. The percentage germination of seeds and plant growth showed a gradual decrease with increase in Cr concentration. Stimulatory effect in growth of plant was observed at lower concentration (1 to 2 mg/l). Accumulation of Cr was in the order of root>leaf>stem>pod.