Pollutants | Effects on Human Health | Effects on the Natural Environment |
Carbon monoxide |
Can
affect the cardio-vascular system, exacer-bating cardiovascular disease
symptoms, particularly angina; may also particularly affect foetuses,
sickle cell anaemics and young children. Can affect the central nervous
system, impairing physical coordination, vision and judgement, creating
nausea and headaches, reducing worker productivity and increasing
personal discomfort.
|
|
Nitrogen oxides (NOX) |
Nitrogen
dioxide (NO2) can affect the respiratory system. Nitrogen monoxide (NO)
and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), where they play a part in photochemical some
formation, may contribute indirectly to increased susceptibility to
infections, pulmonary disease, impairment of lung function and eye, nose
and thread irritations.
|
NO
and NO2 can contribute significantly to acid deposition damaging aquatic
eco-systems and other eco-systems such as forests NOx can also have a
fertilizing effect on forests.
|
Sulphur oxides (SO2) |
Suphur
dioxide (SO2) can affect lung function.
|
Sulphur
oxides can contribute significantly to acid deposition impairing aquatic
and forest ecosystems. Sulphates can affect the perception of the
environment by reducing visibility even at low concentrations.
|
Particulate matter (SPM and RPM) |
Fine
particulate matter may be toxi in itself or may carry toxic (including
carcinogenic) trace substance, and can alter the immune system.Fine
particulate can penetrate deep into the respiratory system irritating
lung tissue and causing long-term disorders.
|
Fine
particulate can significantly reduce visibility. High dust and soot
levels are associated with a general perception of dirtiness of the
environment.
|
Lead |
Can
cause brain damage, encephalopathy in children resulting in lower IQ,
death, hyperactivity and reduced ability to concentrate.
|
Lead |
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Tuesday 1 January 2013
Pollution Hazards And Human Health
The major pollutants emitted by motor vehicles include CO, NOx,
sulphur oxides, (SO), HC, lead (Pb) and suspended particulate matter (SPM).
These pollutants have damaging effects on both human health and ecology. The
human health effects of air pollution vary in the degree of severity,
covering a range of minor effects to serious illness, as well as premature
death in certain cases. Most of the conventional air pollutants are believed
to directly affect the respiratory and cardio-vascular systems. In
particular, high levels of SO2 and SPM are associated with increased
mortality, morbidity and impaired pulmonary function, Lead prevents
hemoglobin synthesis in red blood cells in bone marrow, impairs liver and
kidney function and causes neurological damage.
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