Abstract – Ammonia is produced on large scale mainly for production of fertilizers using steam reforming of natural gas. Capacity of single stream has gone upto 4000 tpd. Large release of ammonia due to accident and vessel failure etc. has decreased considerably in the last three decades. But problems and failures do occurs frequently in the ammonia plant even after following the inherently safer design philosophy and risk assessment. Major areas of failures are reforming and synthesis loop. This paper presents the information on various kinds of failures taken place in ammonia plant in the last three decades. It also includes large releases of ammonia from the storage vessel as well as important information which are generally applicable to chemical industries with focus on ammonia plant. The collected information has been critically reviewed.
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