Saturday, 28 March 2015

Ammonia plant related published material in EHSQ BLOG -NAGARJUNA GROUP

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Kjeldahl method

The Kjeldahl method or Kjeldahl digestion (Danish pronunciation: [ˈkʰɛld̥æːˀl]) in analytical chemistry is a method for the quantitative determination of nitrogen in chemical substances developed by Johan Kjeldahl in 1883.

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SOIL HEALTH

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VERMICULTURE

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AGRIBUSINESS

E-agribusiness in India: Prospects and Constraints, S. Das & B.C.

PREAMBLE (NOT PART OF THE STANDARD)

In order to promote public education and public safety, equal justice for all, a better informed citizenry, the rule of law, world trade and world peace, this legal document is hereby made available on a noncommercial basis, as it is the right of all humans to know and speak the laws that govern them.

Nitrogen cycle

"Matter cycles": The nitrogen cycle

Nitrogen (N) and water

Nitrogen and water: reaction mechanisms, environmental impact and health effects

Seawater contains approximately 0.5 ppm nitrogen (dissolved inorganic nitrogen compounds without N2). The amount is clearly lower at the surface, being approximately 0.1 ppb. River water concentrations vary strongly, but are approximately 0.25 ppm in general.

Depending on water properties, various inorganic nitrogen compounds may be found.

Chlorine and Chlorine alternatives

Oxidizing Antimicrobials in Industrial Cooling Systems

Gaseous Chlorine Alternatives

Bromine

Halogen Donors

Chlorine Dioxide

Ozone

Dechlorination

Other Uses and Effects of Chlorine

Feed Equipment

Chlorine is one of the most versatile chemicals used in water and wastewater treatment.

Chlorine dioxide

Chlorine dioxide is mainly used as a bleach. As a disinfectant it is effective even at low concentrations, because of its unique qualities.

Figure 1: sir Humphrey Day discovered chlorine dioxide in 1814.

When was chlorine dioxide discovered?

Chlorine dioxide was discovered in 1814 by Sir Humphrey Davy. He produced the gas by pouring sulphuric acid (H2SO3) on potassium chlorate (KClO3). Than he replaced sulphuric acid by hypochlorous acid (HOCl).

PREAMBLE (NOT PART OF THE STANDARD)

In order to promote public education and public safety, equal justice for all, a better informed citizenry, the rule of law, world trade and world peace, this legal document is hereby made available on a noncommercial basis, as it is the right of all humans to know and speak the laws that govern them.

Typical Boiler Questions

Pond or Lake Water Chemistry

How healthy is your lake water? The water is really what a pond or lake is all about so it stands to reason the health of the water determines the health of the lake. The following is a breakdown of crucial elements that need to be in correct balance for the aquatic ecosystem to function well.

Dissolved Oxygen/Temperature

Dissolved oxygen (DO) is the most critical indicator of a lake’s health and water quality.

ORP Management in Wastewater as an Indicator of Process Efficiency

Posted by Patrick Higgins on Aug 22, 2013 2:02:00 PM

Oxidation-reduction potential, or ORP, has been used for many years in facilities that process wastewater generated by metal finishing plants, but recently it has become prominent in municipal wastewater treatment plants.  When using a typical ORP device, an operator inserts a probe directly into a plant’s tank or waste stream.

Understanding ammonia and controlling it is critical in aquaculture systems. If allowed to accumulate, ammonia is toxic to fish and can be detrimental to any fish production system. Once ammonia reaches toxic levels, fish are incapable of extracting needed energy from their feed. If the ammonia gets to a high enough quantity, the fish will eventually become slow, lethargic and eventually succumb to these high levels resulting in possible death.

Introduction

The Condensate Polishing Unit removes 'crud' - corrosion products consisting mostly of oxide of iron, copper or nickel, dissolved solids - mostly consisting of sodium, chloride and silica and carbon dioxide. Condensate polishing units are typically installed for super thermal power station with the main objective of improving the boiler water quality.

Sewage Treatment – For recycling of waste water, use of biosolids and to generate renewable energy for cleaner, safer and greener environment:

Introduction - In urban areas sewage is created by residences, institutions, hospitals and commercial and industrial establishments. Sewage treatment and disposal system is an important function for any city planner, in order to recycle the used water. It is the ultimate return of used water to the environment.

Plant Layout Description of Ammonia and Urea Production Industrial Facility

A simple plant layout model explains how to design a process plant effectively with all the facilities required for smooth running of production of desired product, for example to produce ammonia from natural gas and air and then urea by ammonia and carbon dioxide, a prefect design can be made so that it operates with high performance and less maintenance with negligible shut downs.

Flow Diagram of Urea Production Process from Ammonia and Carbon-dioxide

Urea is manufactured by reacting ammonia and carbon dioxide in autoclave to form ammonium carbamate. The operating temperature is 135oC and 35 atm pressure, the chemical reaction is endothermic reaction and so ammonia is maintained in excess to shift the equilibrium towards urea formation.  Urea production is based on two main reactions.

1. Formation of ammonium carbamate

2.

CROP MANAGEMENT

Planting materials

Seed Certification Phases

Minimum Germination Percentage for Seed Certification

Maximum Permissible Moisture level for seeds

Minimum isolation requirements for seed production

Vegetative Propagation

Leaf Cutting

Stem Cutting

Simple Layer

Air Layer

Tissue Culture

Fertilisers

Chemical fertilizers

Organic manures

Bio-fertilizers

Liming

Plant protection

Cultural

Chemical

Insecticides

Pheromones

Fungicides

Herbicides

Rodenticides

Handling an

Municipal Solid Wastes        (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000

Ministry of Environment and Forests

Notification

New Delhi, the 25th September, 2000

S.O. 908(E).- Whereas the draft of the Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 1999 were published under the notification of the Government of India in the Ministry of Environment and Forests number S.O.

http://www.cewindia.com/k_rahul_raju_interview.html

The second subject to be discussed is the problem of high biuret content in the urea product at

lower plant loads.

Problem No. 2

High Biuret level at low plant loads Biuret is formed from urea according the following overall reaction: 2 Urea <=> Biuret + NH3. Infact this reaction proceeds in three steps: When heating a concentrated urea solution in water or aurea melt, urea is present in two forms, a keto and an enol form.

Nutrient Management

Concern for the environment is not a new issue, as evidenced by the notice printed in the January, 1944 issue of The Betz Indicator. (Figure 2-1)

In the 1960's it became evident that there could be a dark side to the economic development that resulted from the decades of rapid industrial growth following World War II. During this period the general public became aware of the consequences of improper waste material handling and industrial accidents.

Setting up of New Fertilizer Plants

The Minister of State for Chemical and Fertilizers, Shri Nihal Chand has said that this Department has received the proposals/projects of the following 15 companies:

In a written reply in the Lok Sabha today, Shri Nihal Chand said the final decision will be taken after the issuance of the notification of amendment to New Investment Policy (NIP) – 2012 which is under consideration for approval.

Humans, animals and plants all need nutrients to survive. Nutrients can be 'macronutrients' – because these are needed in greater quantities – such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), sulphur (S) and magnesium (Mg) or 'micronutrients' such as zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), boron (B), and molybdenum (Mo) because they are needed in lesser quantities.

Safety rating for chemical plants: A step in right direction

The government plans to introduce safety rating system for chemical plants in India will minimises accidents and increase productivity, if implemented in right spirit

Chemical industry involves handling of hazardous substances, which if not handled as per prescribed guidelines can lead to disaster.

Why are Nitrogen Concentrations an indicator of Water Quality?

Abnormal levels of Nitrogenous Compounds generally indicates pollution. Most of the nitrogen found in water originates from the decay from the remains of plants and animals. Ammonia Nitrogen is the most common form of nitrogen from an effluent involving the biological breakdown of animal waste products.

Urea production reporting

by aliazharch » Mon Apr 01, 2013 10:30 am

Dear Friends,

At our Urea plant, 3 different totalizers are available for urea production reporting i.e Ammonia totalizer, CO2 totalizer and Weigh scale totalizer. However, we use Ammonia totalizer to declare the production due to its consistency in accuracy.

Has anyone of you used Weigh scale totalizer for declaring Urea production?

aliazharch Posts: 10Joined: Mon Dec 20, 2010 11:33 amLocation: PakistanTitle: Sr.

Cooling Water Systems – Theory And Operations…

1. Cooling Water Systems-Problems

Open recirculatory cooling water systems are commonly used for industrial cooling purposes to efficiently dissipate unwanted process heat. In this kind of system, water is recycled a number of times before being discharged as blowdown, thereby reducing water consumption.

The main problems associated with such systems are corrosion, scaling, fouling and microbiological growth.

HYDROGEN RECOVERY FROM AMMONIA PLANT PURGE GAS

Problem

In ammonia production, hydrogen and nitrogen are reacted at high pressure to form ammonia. Since the conversion per pass is not 100%, the reactor is operated in loop mode. Ammonia is continuously condensed out of the loop and fresh synthesis gas is added.

1

Acid Rain

Rain tends to be naturally acidic with a PH of 5.6 to 5.7. This is due to the reaction of atmospheric CO2 with water to produce carbonic acid. Other atmospheric substances from volcanic eruptions, forest fires, and other natural phenomenon also contribute to the natural acidification of rain. This natural level of acidity is sufficient enough to dissolve minerals into the earth's crust and make them available to plant and animal life and not acidic enough to inflict any damage.

A Comprehensive Approach to Reformer Tube Inspection and Assessment

Brian Shannon, IESCO, Inc.

3445 Kashiwa Street, Torrance, CA 90505 USA

E-Mail: beshannon@iesconde.com

Carl Jaske, CC Technologies

6141 Avery Road, Dublin, OH 43016-8761 USA

E-Mail: cjaske@cctlabs.com ABSTRACT

Hydrogen reformer tube assessment and life predictions require specific inspection and multi-parameter computations to provide plant operators with realistic usable data.

1. When was our last compliance audit?

2. Can you show me the closeout of recommendations from the last compliance audit?

3.  Can you provide me a copy of the most recent incident report and documentation that shows how we closed out recommendations/from the incident report?

4.  When was our last Process Hazard Analysis (PHA) conducted and can you show me documentation that closes out the recommendations from the last PHA?

5.

First Aid - General

What are first aid requirements?

What does the legislation say?

What documentation is required?

What should all employees know about first aid?

Do I need to do a hazard assessment for first aid?

What is a sample checklist for a first aid assessment?

What is first aid?

First aid is emergency care given immediately to an injured person. The purpose of first aid is to minimize injury and future disability.

Ammonia Production

In 1909 Fritz Haber established the conditions under which nitrogen, N2(g), and hydrogen, H2(g), would combine using

medium temperature (~500oC) very high pressure (~250 atmospheres, ~351kPa) a catalyst (a porous iron catalyst prepared by reducing magnetite, Fe3O4).

Osmium is a much better catalyst for the reaction but is very expensive. This process produces an ammonia, NH3(g), yield of approximately 10-20%.

Urea -product stwardship

EHSQ AWARENSS REGARDING UREA , BIURET, STRIPPER LEAKAGE, PRODUCT STWARDSHIP QUALITY, USE OF GRANULATED UREA

Urea fertilizer... the basics

Biuret in Urea Fertilizers

Biuret: A Safe, Practical Alternative to Urea

Management Systems PUBLSHED INGROUND REPORT OF INDIA

Urea Related Technology

EHSQ (Environment, Health, Safety and Quality)-CROSSED 1,000,00 –ONE LAKH VIWERS ALL OVER WORLD TODAY .

LOW BIURET UREA PRODUCTION

Biuret in Urea Fertilizers By R.L.

Be safe again in 2014

There's no face like your own, wear face protection.

Safety rules are your best tools.

Safety glasses: All in favour, say "Eye!"

Organ donor = A person who doesn't use his or her safety equipment.

Move your ladder to avoid reaching.

Living with your mistakes is harder than you think.... wear your safety gear.

Hearing protection is a sound investment.

Hard hats, they're not just for decoration.

Hand in, hamburger out.

DrAmar Nathgiri

http://dramarnathgiri.blogspot.in/2013/09/hydrocarbon-feed-purification-for.html

DrAmar Nathgiri

http://dramarnathgiri.blogspot.in/2013/09/water-management-ensure-reliable.html

Bhopal disaster

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Introduction

The Condensate Polishing Unit removes 'crud' - corrosion products consisting mostly of oxide of iron, copper or nickel, dissolved solids - mostly consisting of sodium, chloride and silica and carbon dioxide. Condensate polishing units are typically installed for super thermal power station with the main objective of improving the boiler water quality.

Urea

There has been a worldwide shift from prilling of Urea to granulation because the more desirable products made in granulator. This shift has taken place to supply growing fertilizer demand for larger, harder and denser particles, in spite of traditionally higher costs associated with granulation.

Urea finishing Processes

Urea can be prilled, granulated, flaked and crystallized. Presently only prilling and granulation is considered important.

DEMINERALIZATION PLANT—GUIDELINES

PREAMBLE (NOT PART OF THE STANDARD)

In order to promote public education and public safety, equal justice for all, a better informed citizenry, the rule of law, world trade and world peace, this legal document is hereby made available on a noncommercial basis, as it is the right of all humans to know and speak the laws that govern them.

Nitrate

Nitrate is a polyatomic ion with the molecular formula NO3− and a molecular mass of 62.0049 g/mol. Nitrates also describe the organic functional group RONO2. These nitrate esters are a specialized class of explosives.

Contents

1 Structure

2 Properties

3 Occurrence

4 Uses

4.1 Other uses

5 Detection

6 Toxicity

6.1 Toxicosis

6.2 Human health effects

6.3 Marine toxicity

7 Nitrate overview

8 See also

9 References

10 External links

Structure

The nitrate ion.

Daily pH Cycle and Ammonia Toxicity

World Aquaculture, 34(2): 20-21.

William A. Wurts, Ph.D.

Senior State Specialist for Aquaculture

Kentucky State University CEP at the UK Research and Education Center
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