Activated Carbon Filter and Increase in Efficiency for Water
System
Activated carbon filters are used
for water purification in water systems and application of these filters can
increase the efficiency of water system.
Activated carbon filter is used to
remove chlorine and organic matter from the water. It also removes the color
and odor from the water hence the turbidity of water is also removed. It plays
an important role in water purification systems where chlorine is added for
decontamination. ACF is unable to remove the microbes and hardness.
Activated carbon filters
Activated carbon filter contains
carbon particles of various sizes ranging from 10 to 50 mesh. Activated carbon
is prepared from coconut shells by burning in the presence of oxygen. This
carbon is then activated by steam or chemical methods. In steam activation this
carbon is heated at 750- 950°C in the presence of steam. Steam activated carbon
contains very fine pore size that is ideal for adsorption of components from
water.
In chemical activation of carbon, it
is mixed with a paste of zinc chloride and heated at 600-800°C. Chemically
activated carbon has bigger pore size and ideal for adsorption of larger
molecules from water.
Chlorine and organic compounds are
adsorbed on the surface of activated carbon particles into their small pores.
Reactivation of the carbon required again to increase the efficiency of
activated carbon filter frequently.
There are some factors that affect
the efficiency of the carbon filters such as contact time of water on carbon
bed, concentration of contamination, temperature and pH of water. At high
temperature activated carbon filter is less effective then low temperature. pH
of water also affect the adsorption of contaminates. A 20 % more activated
carbon surface is required when we increase pH by one unit from 7.
Sanitation of activated carbon
filters should be done frequently with the steam because carbon supports the
growth of microbes and it can contaminate the water systems.
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