Extreme temperatures around the
world
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National and Continental Extreme Temperatures includes the national extreme temperatures with dates and sources.
Monthly Temperatures Records includes the world and continental extreme temperatures month by month.
Countries without frost includes a list of the countries where frost has never been recorded. Latest Records registered during 2012:
- Stampriet (Namibia) max. 42.8
- Windhoek (Namibia) max. 39.5
- Hardap (Nambia) max. 43.8
- Keetmanshoop (Namibia) max. 42.8
- Twee Riviere (South Africa) max. 44.8
- Comodoro Rivadavia (Argentina) max. 40.2
- Paso de Indios (Argentina) max. 39.9
- Florina (Greece) min. -25.1
- Nizamabad (India) min. 4
- Mysore (India) min. 7.7
- Astrakhan (Russia) min. -33.8
- Hereheretue (French Polynesia,France) max. 35.4
- Koh Samui (Thailand) max. 36.7
- Kaolack (Senegal) max. 47.8 (dubious)
Note: Celsius degrees are used. Click here to open the Celsius-Fahrenheit degrees Converter MIN MAX AFGHANISTAN Kabul -25.6 40 Kandahar -12.2 46.5 Jalalabad -7.8 48.8* * very dubious,likely taken with not proper instruments Mazar al Sharif -24 48.1 Ghazni -31 37 Zaranj 49.6* * a dubious 51.1C was likely taken with not proper instruments Farah 49.8 Shahrak -52.2 ALBANIA Tirana -10.4 42.2 Durres -6 39.5 Shkoder -12.6 40.5 Elbasan -7.5 42.2 Cerrik -9.4 43.2 Kucova 43.9 Kallmet 45.3* * unofficial, questioned Kukes -22 42.5 Sheqeras -25.8 Moscopole -27.5* * unofficial, dubious ALGERIA Algiers Airport -4 47.5 Oran -3 44.2 In Salah -3.3 50.6 Adrar -4.5 49.8 Ouargla -6.7 49.7 Biskra -2.4 49.4 Batna -20 43.8 Constantine -8.8 45.5 Tamanrasset -7 41.6 ANDORRA Andorra La Vella 38.5 Les Escaldes -18 36 Hidroelectrica -16 36 Engolaster Lake -21 33 Ransol -23 36 Grau Roig -27.3 Port d'Envalira -34* * unofficial, likely recorded under not proper exposure conditions ANGOLA Luanda 12 36.7 Ondjiva -4* 40.5* * suspicious, likely taken under not proper conditions Silva Porto -5* 31.7* * suspicious, likely taken under not proper conditions Mavinga -3.9 Serpa Pinto -3.2 38.3 Lubango -1 38.3 Catete 39.5 Namuculungo 42* * suspicious, likely taken under not proper conditions Cabinda 12 34.4 ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA Saint John's 15.6 33.8 Bird Airport 16 34.9 Codrington (Barbuda)17.2 35* * suspicious ARGENTINA Buenos Aires Obser.-5.4 43.3 Ezeiza Airport -7.8 44.3 Cordoba Aerodrome -10.3 42.4* * 45.6C in the Observatory in 1917 was likely taken with not proper instruments Bahia Blanca -11.8 43.8 Mar del Plata -9.3 41.6 Mendoza -9.2 44.4 Rosario -11.1 42.4* * an old record of 43.9C was likely taken with not proper instruments Santiago del Estero -10 46.5* * a temperature of 47.0C was also recorded in the observatory Catamarca -9 47* * a temperature of 47.1C was also recorded in the observatory Tucuman -6 45 Salta -9.9 39.9 Campo Gallo -6.8 47.3 Rivadavia -7.2 47* * a very dubious 48.9C was likely taken with not proper instruments Villa de Maria -10.5 44.6* * a very dubious 49.1C was likely taken with not proper instruments Bariloche -21.1 36.5 Ushuaia -21.1 29.4* * unofficial 31C also recorded in other parts of the town Perito Moreno -25.7 34 Sarmiento -33* 38.3 * very dubious, recorded under not proper conditions Maquinchao -25.6* 38 * a very dubious -35.3C was recorded in July 1991 Pato Superior Valley-39 Veladero -44* * unofficial El Cain -43* * unofficial Nacimiento -42.4* * unofficial Matambre -42* * unofficial ARMENIA Yerevan -31 42 Kumairi -35 36.2 Stepanavan -34 35 Megri -22 43.7 Shurabad (Paghakn)-42.2* 31 * an unofficial temperature of -46C was also recorded Ashotsk -41.9 AUSTRALIA Canberra -10 42.2 Sydney Airport -0.1 45.2 Sydney Observatory 2.1 45.3 Brisbane Airport -0.1 40.2 Brisbane City 2.3 43.2 Adelaide City -0.4 46.1 Adelaide Airport -2.6 44 Perth Airport -1.3 46.7 Perth City -0.7 46.2 Darwin 10.4 38.9 Albany City 0.1 44.8 Esperance City -0.6 46.9 Carnarvon 2.4 47.8 Broome 3.3 44.8 Alice Springs -7.5 45.2 Cairns 6.2 40.5* * 43.2C was also recorded at the Post Office Station Melbourne City -2.8 46.4* * 46.8C also recorded in the Airport Station Hobart City -2.8* 40.8 * -3.9C also recorded in the Airport Station in June 1972 Birdsville -1.7 49.5 Mardie 2.9 50.5 Oodnadatta -2.6 50.7 Charlotte Pass -23 29.7 Norfolk Island AP 6.2 28.4 Kingston (Norfolk) 4.4* 32.2* * unofficial,unreliable, taken with not proper instruments Cocos Islands AP 18.3 32.8 Willis Island 16.4 35.2 Christmas Isl. AP 16.2 31.8 Rocky Point (Christmas Isl.) 33.2 Flying Fish Cove (Christmas I.)35* * unofficial,dubious Lord Howe Island 5.9 31.3 Heard Island -10.6 21.6 Macquarie Island -9.4 14.4 AUSTRIA Vienna -25.8* 38.9 * unofficial -27C also recorded in February 1929 Klagenfurt -27.8 37 Linz -27.2 38 Salzburg -31.1 37.7 Graz -28.8 38 Innsbruck -30* 37.7 * -31.3C was also recorded in December 1788 Dellach im Drautal-24.8 39.7 Swettl -36.6 34.6 Halltal -40* * unofficial, questioned Sonnblick -37.4 15 Grunloch -52.6* * unofficial, recorded in February 1932 in a frost hollow AZERBAIJAN Baku -14.7 40 Ganja -17.8 43.3 Zakataly -22.8 39.1 Mingechevir -10 42 Goytapa 47.4 Great Caucasus Stat.-45* * unofficial Ordubad (Nakhichivan)-33 46 Julfa (Nakhichivan) -33 46 Xankhandi (Nagorno K.) -19 40 BAHAMAS Nassau 5.2* 36.5 * a dubious 5.0C was also recorded in January 1945 Freeport 3 36 BAHRAIN Manama Intl Air. 2.8 47.5 Awali -5* * very dubious,likely taken with not proper instruments BANGLADESH Dhaka 6.1 42.3 Borga Thana 3 43 Chittagong 7.2 38.9* * 40.6C also recorded in other city station Jessore 2.2 43.2 Rajshahi 45.1 Srimangal 1.7 41.2 BARBADOS Bridgetown 15.8 33.9 Grantley Adams AP 15.6 33.1 Husbands 34 St Ann's 35* * questioned, likely taken under not proper conditions Gibbons Boggs 15 BELARUS Minsk -39.1 35 Gomel -35 38.9 Vasilevichi -36 38 Tolochin -42.2 BELGIUM Brussels -20.5* 37.4 * -21.1C was recorded in 1776 Uccle 38.8 Ostend -16.8 36 Antwerp -17 36.1 Gent -20.6 37.6 Liege -21* 38.4 * -24.4C also recorded in December 1783 Haacht -25.5 38.7 Rochefort -30.1 37.7 BELIZE Belmopan 7 41 Belize City 7.8 37.8 Central Farm 8 42 Douglas Da Silva St. 6 Sibun Hill 4 42.8* * very dubious BENIN Porto Novo 16 37.5 Cotonou 17 36.7 Kandi 8.5 44.5 BHUTAN Thimphu -10 31 Punakha 37.5 Phuentsholing 40 Paro Int.Airport -12.9 Bathpalathang -12 27 BOLIVIA Sucre -6 34.7 La Paz Downtown -6 27.2 La Paz El Alto -15.2 23 Charana -23.8 26.4 Oruro -22.4 26.6 Potosi City -11.5* 28 * -14.1C was also recorded in the airport station Cochabamba -7 35.6* * a dubious record of 39C also recorded in the Sarco Station Tarija -10 39.3 Camiri -5.2 44 Cobija 7 39.5 Santa Cruz Airport 1.8 41.6 Uyuni -25.7 31.5 Villamontes -7 46.7* * unofficial temperature of 47.2C also recorded in January 1953 BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA Sarajevo -26.4 40 Mostar -16.4 43.1 Bihac -29.2 41.2 Livno -29.6 37.6 Brcko -20.5 42 Banja Luka (Sprska R.) -27.4 41.4 Sokolac (Sprska R.) -33.8 Bjelasnica -33.6 25.3 Veliko Polje -43.5 BOTSWANA Gabarone -6.5 41.7 Francistown -6.5 42.1 Ghanzi -8.5 42.2 Tshane -8 41 Tsabong -10.6 42.6 BRAZIL Brasilia 1.6* 35.8* * extreme temperatures of 1.3C and 36.0C were recorded at the Airport station Sao Paulo -2.1* 37* * unofficial temperatures of -4C and 38.5C were recorded in other city stations Rio de Janeiro Center10.2* 39.1* * extreme temperatures of 4.8C and 43.1C were recorded in other parts of the city Salvador de Bahia 16.8* 35.5 * a lowest temperature of 14.6C was recorded in the Airport Recife 16.8 35.4 Fortaleza 17.6* 35.8 * 16.8C was also recorded in the Porangaba Station Belem 18.4 36.6 Teresina 13.8 40.8 Manaus 17.2 38.9 Belo Horizonte 2.2 36.9* * 37.2C was also recorded in the Airport station Porto Alegre -4 40.7* * unofficial 41.3C was recorded in February 2010 Curitiba -6.3* 35.2* * unofficial temperatures of -8.9C and 37.4C were recorded in other stations Campinas -1.5 38.9 Foz do Iguacu -4.2 40 Florianopolis 1.3* 38.8 * a lowest of -1.0C was also recorded at the Airport station Campo Grande -3.4 40.1 Orleans 44.6 Bom Jesus do Piaui 44.8* * very questioned, likely taken with not proper instruments Fazenda Descalvados 44.8* * unofficial and questioned data recorded in November 1901 Sao Joaquim -10 31.4 Xanxere -11.6 Cacador -14* 38 * unofficial Sao Jose dos Ausentes -17* * unofficial,questioned Morro da Igreja -17.8* * very dubious, likely taken with not proper instruments BRUNEI Bandar Seri Begawan 18.4 38.3 BULGARIA Sofia -31.2 40.2 Plovdiv -31.5 45 Varna -24.3 41.4 Sadovo 45.2 Montana 45.9* * unofficial,dubious Mussala Peak -31.6 20 Veliko Turnova -38 43 Trun -38.3 BURKINA FASO Ouagadougou 8.5 43.9 Dori 5.7 47.2 Markoye 5 Banankaledaga 2.9* 41.9 * very dubious, likely taken with not proper instruments BURUNDI Bujumbura 11.1 36.1 Kisozi -0.9 CAMBODIA Phnom Penh 12.8 40.5 Siam Reap 9.5 41 Battabang 10.4 41 Kampot 14.7 37.2 Stoeng Treng 9.5 41.4 Sisophon 8.6 40.2 Val d'Emeraude 8 CAMEROON Yaounde 11 35.7 Douala 18 37.7 Garoua 8.3 45.5 Maroua 6 45.9 Kousseri 9.7 47.7 Ngaoundere 3.2 39.5 Benoue River -0.7 Fako Peak -2.7* * unofficial CANADA Ottawa -38.9 37.8* * 38.9C also recorded in the old Observatory Toronto City -32.8 40.6 Montreal -37.8* 37.6 * -42C was also recorded in 1859 Quebec City -36.7 36.1 Halifax -29.4 37.2 Saint John's -29.4 33.9 Calgary -45 36.1 Edmonton -49.4 37.2 Vancouver -18.3 34.4* * 36.0C also recorded in the West Vancouver station Victoria -15.6 37.6 Regina -50 43.9 Winnipeg -47.8 42.3 Churchill -49.4 36.9 Dawson -58.3 35 Yelloknwife -53.9 32.5 Sachs Harbour -52.2 24.2 Eureka -55.3 20.9 Alert -50 20 Cape Dorset -42.8 25 Midale -48.3 45 Yellow Grass -45.6 45 Snag -62.8 Fort Nelson -71* * unofficial,dubious Mount Logan -77.5* * unofficial,very dubious CAPE VERDE Praia 13.3 37.3 Sal 10 35.2 Mindelo 10 36 Monte Velha 5 CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC Bangui 9.8 40.4 Bangassou 9.7 41.2 Birao 3.1 45 CHAD N'Djamena 6.5 46.5* * 47.0C was recorded in the city station in March 1936 Faya 4.5* 47.6* * readings of 2.6C and 49.7C recorded in 1951 and 1952 were taken with not proper instruments Sarh 9.8 45 Bardai -4.5 43 Wour -5 Trou au Natron -7 27 CHILE Santiago -6.8 37.5 Valparaiso -3.8 37.8 Arica 1 33.6 Puerto Montt -7.1 34.7 Temuco -8.1 39 Los Angeles -5.7 41.6 Punta Arenas -16.4 30 Balmaceda -28.3 33.4 Ollague -37 Coyhaique Alto -37 Puesto Viejo -40* * unofficial Evangelista Island -8 23 Robinson Crusoe Isl. 3 28 Easter Island 7.2 31 CHINA Beijing -27.4 42.6* * dubious old temperature of 44.4C was recorded in July 1743 Shanghai -12.1* 40.2 * unofficial -13.3C recorded in January 1893 Nanjing -16.9 43 Hangzhou -10.5 42.1 Fuzhou -1.7 41.7 Guangzhou (Canton) 0* 39.1 * unofficial record of -5.0C was set in January 1893 Shenzhen 0.2 38.7 Nanning -2.1 40.4 Chongqing -3 44 Chengdu -5.9 40 Kunming -7.8 32.3 Wuhan -18.1 42 Xian -20.6 42.9 Tianjin -22.9 40.5 Haikou 2.8 39.6 Shenyang -33.1 39.3 Harbin -41.4 39.2 Urumqi -41.5 42.1 Lhasa -16.5* 30.4 * questioned old readings as low as -20C have not been officialized by China Turpan -28.9 48.1* * a 49.6C in July 1975 has been considered faulty Tuyoq 49.4* * a temperature of 50.0C was also recorded in the nearby canyon in 2010 Aydingol Lake 50.2 Aydingkol Mirabilite Factory 50.7* * unofficial Mohe -52.3 39.3 Hong Kong Observatory 0 36.1 Hong Kong Airport 3 37.4 Ta Kwu Ling (Hong Kong)-0.8 37.7 Tai Mon Shan Peak(H.Kong)-5.3 Taipa Obs. (Macao) 37.4 Fortaleza do Monte (Macao)-1.8 38.9 Macao AWS (Macao) 39 COLOMBIA Bogota Downtown -1.5* 25* * absolute records of -4C and 26.3C were recorded in different stations of the city Bogota Airport -6.4 25.2 Medellin 10 34.4 Pereira 10 35 Cali 12 36.5 Barranquilla 18 39.2 Arauca 17.1 40.6 Barrancabermeja 16 41.5 Valledupar 16 41.8 El Salto 42 Puerto Salgar 42.2* * a very dubious 43.0C was recorded in May 2002 Sierra Nevada del Cocuy -9.8 22.8 Funza -7.2 Granja Providencia -8.8 Sogamoso -8.8 Berlin -11 San Andres Island 17 34.5 COMOROS Moroni 13.9 35.6 Ouani (Anjouan) 13.7 33.8 CONGO BRAZZAVILLE Brazzaville 10.3 37.6 Pointe Noire 12.4 34.8 Impfondo 12 39 Mpouya 39.2 Sibiti 8.9 CONGO KINSHASA Kinshasa 11.2 37 Lubumbashi 0.6 37.2 Kisangani 14.8 38.6 Kananga 13 35.3 Bukavu 10.7 31.8 Sakania -1.5 Katanaga Highlands -4* * unofficial Yahila 41 COSTA RICA San Jose City 8.1 33.2* * higher temperature before 1970 were affected by overexposure Alajuela 11 35.2 Cartago 5 30.8 Liberia 12.8 40.1 Puntarenas 16 40 Cascajal de Orotina 40.4 Puerto Limon 13.2 35* * dubious, likely taken with not proper instruments La Fortuna 15 37 Villa Mills -3 27.5 Poas Volcano -6 27 Irazu Volcano -5 21 Mount Chirripo -9 24 COTE D'IVOIRE Yamoussoukro 8.2 40.3 Abidjan 14.7 36.2 Odienne 8 41.5 Man 6 39.4 CROATIA Zagreb -27.3* 40.4 * an unofficial temperature of -30.5C also recorded in February 1929 Dubrovnik -7 39.4 Split -9 38.6 Rijeka -12.8 40 Osijek -27.1 40.6 Ploce 42.8 Varazdin -29 39.3 Gracac -34.6 Cakovec -35.5* * questioned,likely taken with not proper instruments Gospic -36* 36.1 * questioned,likely taken with not proper instruments CUBA Havana City 6 36.5 Havana Jose Marti 3.7* 36.1* * extremes of 1.6C and 38.1C were recorded in the old Rancho Boyero station Bainoa 0.6 36.3 Sancti Spiritus 4.8 38.5 Pinar del Rio 5.1 36.7 Camaguey 3 37.5 Santiago 8.3 37.8 Guantanamo 10.5 38.6 Jucarito 7 38.8 Manzanillo 8.8 38.5 Isla de la Juventud 6.1 35.1 CYPRUS Nicosia -5.6 45.6 Larnaca -3.9 43.9 Akotriri -2.2 40.2 Paphos -3.9 42.2 Prodromos -10.2 36 Ercan-Tynvou (N.Cyprus)-4 45 Lefkonico (North Cyprus) 46.6 CZECH REPUBLIC Prague -27.6 37.8 Prague Uhrineves -29 40.2 Brno -26.4 37 Budwels -40 Litvinovice -42.2 DENMARK Copenhagen -25* 33.8 * -26.3C was also recorded in January 1789 Aalborg -27.2 34 Odense -21.3 34 Ronne -20.5 32.6 Holstebro 36.4 Slagelse 35.8 Horsted/Thy -31.2 Nuuk(Greenland) -32.5 24.9 Upernavik(Greenland)-41 21 Kangerlussuaq (Green.)-47.2 25.5 Nord (Greenland) -51.1 17 Summit (Greenland) -67.2 3.3 Klinck (Greenland) -69.6 Torshavn (Faroe) -13.5 22.1 Vaga Floghavn (Faroe)-12.3 26.3 DJIBOUTI Djibouti City 15 47.1 Djibouti Serpent 47.3* * a suspicious 49.5C was likely taken under not proper conditions Tadjourah 49.5* * questioned ,likely taken under not proper conditions Ali Sabieh 12.5 DOMINICA Roseau 15 35 Melville Airport 16.1 34.3 Canefield Airport 18 35.4 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC Santo Domingo 13* 37 * 11.4C was also recorded at the Airport Station Puerto Plata 9.4 40 Santiago 10.1 39 Duverge 10.2 42.8* * unreliable, likely taken with not proper instruments Mao 12.2 43.2* * unreliable, likely taken with not proper instruments Moca 10 41* * very dubious, likely taken with not proper instruments Yasica 11 42* * very dubious, likely taken with not proper instruments Jimani 12 40.8 Constanza 0 32.5 Duarte Peak -8* * unofficial Las Piramides -9* * unofficial ECUADOR Quito Observatory 0 27.3* * a dubious 29.9C was also recorded in October 1941 Guayaquil 14 37.3 Cuenca -2.9 28 Zamora 6 35 Tiputini 14 38 Nuevo Rocafuerte 14 38.5 Putumayo 38.6 Zapotillo 38.6 Riobamba -3.6 28.3 Izobamba -4.3 24.1 Latacunga -4.5 27.5 Chalpatan -6 Olmedo -10.5* * dubious El Refugio Cotopaxi-14.2 San Cristobal (Galapagos)12.7 35 Puerto Ayora (Galapagos) 35.2 Genovesa Island (Galapagos) 38* * dubious Bellavista (Galapagos) 11* * dubious EGYPT Cairo 0.8 48.4 Giza -4 48 Alexandria 2.2 45.1 Kharga -2.1 50.3 Aswan 1 49.3* * old town record of 51.0C was recorded under not proper exposure conditions Luxor -2 50 Port Said 0 45 Sharm El Sheik 5 46 Nekhel -8.8 43.8 Jabal Zubayr -15 EL SALVADOR San Salvador City 8.2 38.5 San Salvador Airport8.3 37.5 Acajutla 15.1 40.2 La Union 13 42 San Miguel 10.2 44.8* * dubious Los Naranjos -4 32 El Pital Peak -6.1 EQUATORIAL GUINEA Malabo 16 35.3 Bata 15 35 Moka Valley 8 ERITREA Asmara -4 31.1 Massawa 10 48 ESTONIA Tallin -34.4 34.3 Tartu -38.6 35.2 Voru -43.4 35.6 Jogeva -43.5 ETHIOPIA Addis Abeba City -0.5* 32* * extreme temperatures of -3.5C and 34.0C were recorded in other parts of the city Jimma -8* 38 * very dubious Alemaya -7.5 Sanetti Plateau -15 26 K'elafo 47.2 Dallol 48.9 FIJI Suva 12.8 34.5* * an old suspicious record of 36.7C was recorded in another Station Nadi 11.7 36.7 Nacocolevu 39.4* * suspicious Lambasa 38* * very dubious Vatukoula 37.4 Nadrau 6.5 Navai Valley 5.6 Rotuma Island 17 34.1 FINLAND Helsinky Ilmala -36 33.1 Helsinky Vantaa -35.9 33.7 Turku -35.5 35.9* * very dubious Joensuu Airport -36.4 37.2 Tampere -37 33.1 Jyvaskyla -38.5 35 Inari -48.7 32.4 Rovaniemi -47.5 32.1 Kittila-Pokka -51.5 30 Oulu -41.5 33.3 Lappeenranta -38 34.6 Lahti -40 35 Kuopio -41 35.5 Sodankyla -49.5 31.7 Marienhamn (Aland)-32.9 31.3 FRANCE Paris Downtown -23.9 40.4 Paris St.Maur -25.6 42.3 Paris Orly -16.8 40 Nice -7.4 37.7 Marseille -16.8* 39.7 * -17.5C was also recorded in January 1819 Strasbourg -23.4* 38.5 * -26.3C was also recorded in December 1788 Lille -19.5 36.6 Bordeaux -16.4 40.7 Perpignan -11 40.5 Lyon -24.6 40.5 Auxerre -20.2 41.1 Caen -19.6 38.9 Grenoble -27.1 39.5 Limoges -21.7 37.2* * 37.5C was also recorded in 1800 Nantes -15.6 40.3 Toulon -9 40.1 Toulouse Airport -19.2 40.7 Le Luc 42.7 Tolouse Francazal 44* * questioned Cugnaux 44* * questioned Vallon-Pont-d'Arc 44* * questioned Conqueyrac 44.1* * questioned Saint Christol les Ales 44.1 Ledignan 44.3* * unofficial Chamonix -31 37.2 Mouthe -41* * questioned Mount Blanc -43 3 Ajaccio -8.1 41.2 Bastia -5 38.3 St Pierre (St Pierre Miq.)-22.5 28 Cayenne (French Guyana) 17.2 36 Regina (French Guyana) 17 39 Saul (French Guyana) 14.8 Fort de France(Martinique)13.4 35 Lamentin (Martinique) 14.1 34.6 Saint Pierre (Martinique) 16.4 36.5* * dubious Francois Chopotte (Martinique) 36.2 Le Morne Rouge (Martinique)12.6 32 Fonds-St-Denis (Martinique) 12* 33.2 * very dubious Raizet (Guadeloupe) 13 34.2 Basse Terre (Guadeloupe) 15 35 St-Claude (Guadeloupe) 9.8 33 Les Saintes (Guadeloupe) 18.4 36.4 Gustavia (Saint Barthelemy) 15.6 35.2 Orleans (Saint Martin) 17 36.4 Papeete (French Polynesia)14.9 34.5 Takaroa (French Polynesia)19.5 35.6 Atuona (French Polynesia) 18.1 36.1 Rikitea (French Polynesia) 11 34.6 Rapa (French Polynesia) 8.5 31.6 Noumea (New Caledonia) 12.2 36.8 Boulouparis (New Caledonia) 39.9 Bourail (New Caledonia) 2.3 Hihifo (Wallis) 18.4* 33.3 * an unofficial old temperature of 17.5C also recorded Maopoopo (Futuna) 19 34.9 Saint Denis (Reunion I.) 12.8 34 Le Port (Reunion I.) 36.9 Gite de Bellecombe (Reunion)-5 Dzaoudzi (Mayotte) 15.6 35 Tromelin Island 17.2 34.6 Glorioso Island 15 35.1 Juan de Nova Island 16 35.6 Europa Island 9.4 35.6 Port Aux Francais (Kerguelen) -9.4 23 Possession Island (Crozet) -6.6 23.6 Amsterdam Island 1.8 26.4 GABON Libreville 16.1 35.1 Franceville 12 36 Lambarene 13.8 36.8 Mouila 12.5 37.2 Tchibanga 14 37.5 Mekambo 10 GAMBIA Banjul 7.2 43.6 Fatoto 45.1 Basse Santa Su 45.5 Boraba Kunda 4.4* * very dubious,likey taken with not proper instruments GEORGIA Tbilisi -24.4 40.6 Kutaisi -17 42 Chiatura -20 42.5 Charnali -10 43 Batumi -9.5 41 Kartsakhi -41 Mt Kazbegi Met.Stat.-42 21 Sukhumi (Abkhazia) -14 41 Pskhu (Abkhazia) -27 41 Lata (Abkhazia) 43 Tskhinvali (S.Ossetia)-28 36 GERMANY Berlin -26.1* 38.1 * unofficial temperature of -32C was recorded in 1795 Bonn -25 38.5 Frankfurt -23.8* 38.7 * -26.2C was also recorded in 1784 Munich -31.6 37.1 Hamburg -29.1 38.8 Stuttgart -25.8 37.7 Essen -24 36.6 Bremen -23.6* 37.6 * a dubious -35.6C was recorded in December 1788 Dresden -30.5* 36.9 * -32.1C was also recorded in December 1788 Hannover -26* 38.1 * -29.4C was also recorded in December 1788 Koln -23.4 38.8 Leipzig -27.6* 37 * -28.7C was also recorded in 1776 Dusseldorf -22.8 38.5 Karlsruhe -25.4 40.2 Landesbut -45* * unofficial Funtensee -45.8* * unofficial, questioned Hull -37.8 Zugspitze -35.6 17.9 Freiburg im Breisgau-22.4 40.2 Garmersdorf 40.2 Perl-Nenning 40.3* * originally 40.8C ,was later corrected GHANA Accra 15 38 Kumasi 10.6 38.9 Bui 6.7 Navrongo 43.9 GREECE Athens Hellinikon -4.2 42.2 Athens Votanikos -10.4 44.5 Elefsina -7 48 Tatoi -8.8 48 Thessalonik -14* 44 * -15C was also recorded in January 1858 Patras -6.4 43.5 Heraklion (Crete) -1 44.4* * 45.7C was recorded in the city station in 1916 Tzermiadhon (Crete)-15.4 Rhodes Airport -3.9 42 Larissa -21.6* 45.4 * -22C was also recorded in January 1858 Ptolemaida -27.8 34 GRENADA Saint George's Airp.16.7 34 Richmond Hill 34.4 Grand Etang 13 GUATEMALA Guatemala City 4.2 33.9 Guatemala Airport 6.1 34.5 Flores 9 42.6 Estanzuela 7 45 Gualan 6 47* * dubious,likely taken under not proper conditions Usumatlan 8 47* * dubious,likely taken under not proper conditions Puerto San Jose 12 40 Puerto Barrios 11 39.6 Coban 0.8 36 Chichicastenango -8.5 31.4 Huehuetenango -5.5 34 Olintepeque -11.5 29.8* * 33C was also recorded in Quetzaltenango center GUINEA Conakry 16.1 36.1* * a dubious 38.3C was recorded in the old Observatory Labe 3.8 40 Bareing 2.5 Mali Ville 1.4 Siguiri 6.8 42.5 Koundara 45 GUINEA BISSAU Bissau Downtown 12.2 41.1 Bafata 10 43.6 Farim 7 43.2 GUYANA Georgetown 16.6 37.2 Mazaruni 15 37.8 Kaieteur Falls 13 Ebini 39 Lethem 39 St. Ignatius 18.9 39.4 Mount Roraima 1* * unofficial HAITI Port au Prince 15 39 Turgueau 40.3 Gonaives 42* * very dubious,likely taken under not proper conditions Saint Marc 42* * very dubious,likely taken under not proper conditions Fort des Pins 1 Seguin 1 HONDURAS Tegucigalpa 3.9 37.8 San Pedro Sula 10 43.3 Guayabillas 45.5* * very dubious,likely taken under not proper conditions Santa Rosa de Copan 4.8 35.5 La Esperanza -0.6 HUNGARY Budapest Downtown -23.4 40.6 Budapest Airport -26.4 40.7 Debrecen -31.6 40.2 Szeged -29.1 39.8 Pecs -27 41.3 Kiskunhalas 41.9 Miskolctapolca -35 ICELAND Reykjavik -24.5 26.2 Akureyri -32.5* 29.4 * -35.7C also recorded in March 1810 Teigarhorn -25.5 30.5 Grimsstaoir -37.9 Moorudalur -38 INDIA New Delhi City -0.6 47.2 New Delhi Palam -2.2 48.4 Mumbai Santacruz AP 7.4* 42.2 * 6.5C was also recorded in the nearby Kanheri Caves in 2008 Mumbai Downtown 11.7 41.6 Kolkata (Calcutta) 5 43.9 Chennai (Madras) 13.9 45 Bengaluru 7.8 38.9 Allahabad -0.7 48.8 Lucknow -1 48.3 Jaipur -2.2 48.5 Nagpur 3.9 48.6 Hyderabad 6.1 45.5 Jammu 0.6 47.4 Chandigarh 0 46.5 Goa 13.3 39.8 Bikaner -4 49.4 Ganganagar -2.8 50 Churu -4.6 50* * dubious Dholpur -4.3 50 Alwar -0.8 50.6* * very dubious Pachpadra -4.3 50.6* * unofficial Cherrapunji -1 31.1 Srinagar -19.9 38.3 Leh -28.6 34.8 Dras -45* 33 * Dras temperatures were likely taken under not proper conditions Siachen Glacier -55* * unofficial,dubious Sia La -55* * unofficial,dubious Amini Divi 18.3 37.7 Minnicoy Island 16.7 36.7 Port Blair (Andaman)16.1 36.4 Long Island (Andaman) 37.1 INDONESIA Jakarta Observat. 18.9* 36.7 * a lowest temperature of 16.9C was recorded at Perdanakusuma Station Surabaya 16.5 38.8 Semarang 17 38.7 Medan 17.2 37* * a faulty 42.0C was recorded at the Sampali station in 1972 Benjarmasin (Borneo) 17 37.5 Makassar(Sulawesi) 14.4 38.4 Den Pasar (Bali) 17 36.1 Jayapura (W.Papua) 17.6 36.8 Ambon (Moluccas) 18.3 35.6 Bandung 11.1 34.2 Cirebon Jatiwangi 17 39.5 Dieng 0.5 Mount Pangerango 0.5 20.7 Pengalengan Plateau -2 Puncak Jaya -8* * unofficial IRAN Tehran -20.6 43.1 Abadan -5 52 Ahvaz -7 52.2 Omidiyeh -3.5 52.6 Shushtar 52.6 Dehloran 53* * dubious Chahkutah 53* * suspicious, liken taken under overexposure conditions Jask 5 45.3 Esfahan -20.1 43.3 Shiraz -14 43.2 Tabriz -25.4 42 Mashad -28 43.8 Saqqez -36 41 Bijar -36* 38.2 * a questioned temperature of -38C was likely recorded with not proper instruments Kheyrabad -36.4 IRAQ Baghdad -8.5* 51 * unofficial temperature of -12.2C also recorded Nassirya Airport -7.2 53 Najaf -7.2 51.2 Basra -4.7 52 Al Kut -8.2 52 Ad-Diwaniyah -8.3 52.3 Kirkuk -7 49.5 Mossul -17.6 51.1* * suspicious IRELAND Dublin -15.6 30.6 Cork -9.4 29.4 Shannon -11.9 31.6 Valentia -7.7 29.7 Kilkenny -14.1 33.3* * dubious Lough Boora 32.5 Markree Castle -19.1 29.4 ISRAEL Tel Aviv -1.9 45.6* * a questioned record of 46.5C was also recorded in 1916 Jerusalem -6.7 42* * a questioned 44.4C was also recorded in 1881 Haifa -3 43.7 Ramat David -11.5 44 Beer Sheva -5 46.2 Eilat Observatory 0.9 47.2* * 48.8C was recorded in the Airport Station Sedom 3 48.8 Deganya -3.3 49 Qalya 51.2 Almog (Qalya) 51.4* * unofficial, questioned Tirat Tsvi 53.7* * wrong data caused by a reading error plus a very faulty instrument Tel Tanim -13.1* * reports of -13.7C are due to a typo error in the original source Mount Avital -14.3* * unofficial, questioned Jericho (West Bank)-0.4 50.5 East Jerusalem (West Bank) -6.7 44.4 Hebron (West Bank) -8.6 Gaza (Gaza Strip) -2 45.9 ITALY Rome City -8.2 40.1 Rome Ciampino Air. -11 40.6 Rome Fiumicino Air.-7.8 38.6 Milan City -17.3 39.8* * questioned Turin City -21.1 41.6 Turin Airport -21.8 37.1 Florence City -12.9 42.1 Florence Airport -23.2 42.6 Venice -15* 37.5 * -18C was also recorded in December 1788 Genoa -8.5 37.8 Bologna -18.8 39.8 Perugia -17 40 Naples -5* 40.5 * this minimum and another dubious -5.6C were recorded in the Airport Station Bari -5.9 45.6 Palermo Observatory -2 45.5 Cagliari -4.8 43.6 Catenanuova 48.5 Lampedusa Island 2.2 39.9 Plateau Rosa -34.6 17.2* * unofficial Mount Rose -41 7.3* * a record of 8.3C in August 2008 is likely to be faulty Livigno -38 29 Gran Gioves -42 Busa di Manna -47* * recorded in a frost hollow Busa Nord di Fradusta-48.3* * questioned, recorded in a frost hollow JAMAICA Kingston 13.3 36.4 Montego Bay 12.8 36 Bodles 37.2 Castleton Gardens 37.8 Blue Mount.Range 0.7 23.3 JAPAN Tokyo City -9.2 39.5* * unofficial 42.7C was recorded at the Primary School Station Osaka City -7.5 39.1 Kyoto -11.9 39.8 Sendai -11.7 37.2 Sapporo -28.5 36.2 Yamagata -20 40.8 Tajimi -9.3 40.9 Kumagaya -11.6 40.9 Mount Fuji -38 17.8* * questioned 18.2C also recorded in August 2007 Asahikawa -41 36 Bifuka -41.5* 35.9 * unofficial Nagoya -10.3 39.9 Hiroshima -8.6 38.7 Nagasaki Airport -7 37.6 Naha (Okinawa) 4.9 35.6 Iwo To Island 12 35 Minamitorishima Is.12.8 36 JORDAN Amman -6.5 44 Ma'an -8.4 43.5 Aqaba 0.6 48.8 Deir Alla 51.1 Shoubak -14 38.2 KAZAKHSTAN Astana -51.6 42.2 Almaty -37.7 43 Atbasar -44.8* 42.2 * a dubious -57C also recorded in January 1893 Semey -51.4 42.5 Kazalinsk -40 44 Pavlodar -47.2 41.1 Karamola -33 47 Turkestan -38.6 49.1 KENYA Nairobi 2 32.8 Mombasa 13.6 38.9 Garissa 13.9 41 Wajir 14.5 42.6 Eldoret 1.1 30.6 Ettrick Estate -3.3 Teleki Valley -13 Mount Kenya -22 11 KIRIBATI Bonriki (Tarawa) 21 35 Butaritari 18.9 35 Tabuaeran 18.3 34.2 Christmas Island 18.9 34.4 Beru 20.3 34.7 Banaba 20 35.6 KUWAIT Kuwait Int. Airport -4 51.9 Kuwait City -4.4* 51.6 * a temperature of -6.1C was also recorded at Omariya Station in January 1964 Mitribah 53.3* * a faulty record of 54.4C in 2010 was taken under not proper exposure conditions Bubiyan -4.8 50.4 Al Salmi -4.8 49.8 Al Shiqaya -5* * unofficial KYRGYZSTAN Bishkek -34.4 43.8 Chuy 44 Ak Say -53.6 23.5 LAOS Vientiane 2.4 41.1 Luang Prabang 0.8 44.8* * dubious, likely taken with not proper instruments Savannakhet 1 42* * a 44.4C in April 1974 was recorded with not proper instruments Xiang Khoang -3.3 37 LATVIA Riga -34.9 35 Liepaja -32.9 33.7 Aluksne -37.4 33.3 Daugavpils -43.2 36.4 LEBANON Beirut Observatory -1.1 43.2 Beirut Nazareth -1.5 44.8 Tripoli -2.3 39.6 Ksara -18.3 41.2 Yammoune -22.7* * it is also found rounded to -23.5C Hermel 45 Haouch ed Dahab 46.7* * very dubious, likely recorded with not proper instruments LESOTHO Maseru -9.6 39.4 Lets'eng-La-Draai -20.4 LIBERIA Monrovia Downtown 18 36.5 Roberts Int.Airport 12.8 36.7 Masambolahun 7.8 Sikombe 40.6 LIBYA Tripoli City -0.6 47 Tripoli Airport -1.3 49.1 Misurata 0 47.6 Sirt 1 48.5 Benghazi Benina 0.6 45.6 Ghadames -8 48.4 Jalo -2.8 49.1 Zuwarah -1.1 50.2 Hon -9 48 Al Azizia -3 48* * an old record of 58.0C was recorded under terrible exposure conditions LIECHTENSTEIN Vaduz -26 36 Malbun -30 LITHUANIA Vilnius -37.2 35.4 Kaunas -36.3 35.1 Zarasai 37.5 Utena -42.9 LUXEMBOURG Luxembourg -23.1 37.9 Larochette -23 37 Wiltz -24.3 Clemency -24.3 MACEDONIA Skopje -25.6 43.2 Bitola -29.4 41.2 Berovo -31.5 39 Demir Kapija 45.7 MADAGASCAR Antananarivo 1.2 34.8* * an old record of 36C was also set in the Observatory Toamasina (Tamatave)11.3 38.6 Toliara 6.1 42.2 Arivonimamo -1 32.4 Nanokeli -8.5 Mount Andringitra -11 30 Andringitra Massif -16* * unofficial Ejeda 43.6 Antsiranana 13.5 36.7 MALAWI Lilongwe -0.5 38.9 Blantyre 6.5 38 Zomba 5 38.6 Mzuzu -2 32.7 Chelinda -6.7 Chingale 46 Nkate 46 MALAYSIA Kuala Lumpur 17.7 37.2 Penang 18 37.2 Kuching 17.5 36.5 Sandakan 18.3 37.2 Chuping 40.1 Cameron Highlands 7.8* 26.7 * an unofficial lowest of 2.2C was recorded in January 1937 Panar Laban Hut 0.6* * unofficial MALDIVES Male 19 34.4 Hanimaadhoo 18 34.3 Kadhdhoo 34.8* * a dubious 36.8C was recorded in May 1991 MALI Bamako 6.1 46.1 Kayes 8.8 48.1 Gao 6.5 48.2 Timbuctu 4.8 47.8 Kidal 0.5 47.8 MALTA Valletta 1.2* 41.9 * a dubious 0.0C was also recorded in January 1858 Luqa Airport 1.4 43.8 Balzan 2.6 43.1 Ta'Qali -1.7* * unofficial MARSHALL ISLANDS Majuro 20 33.3 Kwajalein 20 33.3 Eniwetok 34.4 Ujelang 35 MAURITANIA Nouakchott 3.9 48 Nouadhibou 5 45.4 Bir Moghrein 1 49.1 Kiffa 5 49 Atar 2 48.8 Akjoujt 6 50* * dubious Moudjeria 50* * dubious, likely taken with not proper instruments MAURITIUS Port Louis 10.5 38* * dubious Plaisance Airport 11 34.4* * a dubious 35.9C also recorded in January 1952 Pamplemousses 8.9 35.7 Vacoas 7.7 31.6 Belle Rive 6.5 Agalega Island 16.9 35.1 Rodrigues Island 14.5 34 Raphael Island(Cargados) 15.9 35.3* * unofficial and dubiosu reading of 36.1C was also recorded in 1946 MEXICO Mexico City -4.4 33.9 Guadalajara -5.5 39.5 Monterrey -8.5* 46.5 * an unofficial record of -15C was recorded in February 1895 in the highest parts of the city Acapulco 15 40.5 Puebla -9 37.8 Tijuana -5 41.8 La Paz -1.9 43.4 Tampico -2.5 44 Ciudad Victoria -6.1 45.8 Cancun 7.2 39 Merida 5 43.5* * a record of 45.0C was reported in the northern city station Mexicali -8 52 Rancho Williams -5 52* * dubious, likely taken with not proper instruments Delta -6 52* * dubious, likely taken with not proper instruments Chihuahua -16 41.4 Los Lamentos -29 MICRONESIA Palikir 18.3 36.1 Truk 18.9 34.4 Yap 18.3 35.6 MOLDOVA Chisinau -31.5 39.4 Bratuseni -35.5 Ialoveni 41 Camenca (Transnistria) 41.5 Slobodzya (Transnistria) 41.9 Tiraspol (Transnistria) -32 41 MONACO Monaco Ville Monte Carlo -2.3 34 Jardin Exotique -5.2 34.5 MONGOLIA Ulaan Bataar -49 38.6 Buyant-Uhaa -37 40 Choibalsan -39.6 41.2 Khongor 44 Uvs Lake -56 MONTENEGRO Podgorica Downtown -9.6 44.8 Podgorica Airport -12 42.3 Rozaje -32 36 MOROCCO Rabat Sale -3.2 48 Rabat Ville -1 47.8 Casablanca -2.7 43.5 Fez -7.9 47.1 Tangier -4.2 43.5 Agadir -2.6 49.1* * a dubious record of 50.8C of August 1940 was recorded in the Inezgane Airport Taroudant -4 50.2* * questioned,likely taken with not proper instruments Marrakech -5 46.6* * a questioned 49C was likely taken with not proper instruments Ifrane -24 37 Semrir -24.1 39* * questioned,likely taken with not proper instruments El Aaiun(W.Sahara) 2.8 47.2 Semara (W.Sahara) 2.8 50.7 MOZAMBIQUE Maputo 5.1 45.5 Pafuri 1 46 Maue -2.8 37.4 Chibuto 47.3 MYANMAR Naypyitaw 10 44.5 Yangon (Rangoon) 9.1 42.5 Mandalay 5.6 45.6 Minbu 7.2 45.8 Myinmu 47.2 Lashio -2.5 42.5 Haka -6 NAMIBIA Windhoek -6.9 39.5 Gobabis -9.9 40.5 Walvis Bay 2.3* 39.5* * extremes of 0.0C and 41.5C were also recorded at the Airport Noordoewer -1.1 47.8 Stampriet -10.5 42.8 NAURU Yaren 20.4 34* * a dubious record of 35.3C was set in 1938 NEPAL Kathmandu -3.9 37.8 Pokhara 1.8 38 Dhangadi 46.4 Lomangtang -22.5 Tsho Rolpa Lake -23.2 14.6 Machhermo -25* * unofficial NETHERLANDS Amsterdam -24 36.8 The Hague -25 37 Vlissingen -19.6 35 Eindhoven -21.7 36.6 Maastricht -20.2* 38.4* * old unofficial extremes of -22.9C and 38.8C were also recorded Rotterdam -20.3* 36.5 * -20.4C was also recorded in 1776 Warnsveld 38.6 Winterswijk -27.4 Oranjestad (Aruba) 19 35.3 Queen Beatrix Airport (Aruba) 19 36.5 Flamingo Airport (Bonaire) 19.8 36.3 Kraledijk (Bonaire) 16.4 35.5 Hato Airport (Curacao) 19 38.3 Willemstad (Curacao) 19* 36 * a dubious 17C was also recorded at the Fort Nassau station in 1933 Princess Juliana AP(St Marteen)17 35.1 Roosevelt AP(Sint Eustatius) 16.4 34.3 Oranjestad (Sint Eustatius) 16.3 The Bottom (Saba) 20 33.2 National Marine Park (Saba) 16 35 Windwardside (Saba) 16 Hell's Gate (Saba) 16 NEW ZEALAND Wellington -1.9 31.1 Auckland -2.5 32.4* * a temperature of 34.4C was recorded in Albert Park Station Christchurch -10 41.6 Dunedin -8.8 35.7 Invercargill -9 32.2 Queenstown -11.4 34.1 Rangiora 42.4 Jordan 42.4* * unofficial, also reported as 42.3C Chateau Tongariro -13.6 30 Ophir -21.6 Ranfurly -25.6 Raoul Island 7.4 31 Chatam Island -2.3 28.5 Campbell Island -7.9 21.2 Enderby Island -4.2 16.9 Alofi (Niue) 11.5 34 Vaipapahi (Niue) 10.7 34.3 Niue Airport (Niue) 10.6 33.1 Aitutaki(Cook Islands) 12.8 35.6 Mauke (Cook Islands) 13.1 34.8 Avarua-Rarotonga(Cook) 8.9 34.2 Penrhyn (Cook Islands) 15.6 34.7 Nukunono (Tokelau) 35.6 Fakaofo (Tokelau) 19* * a highly suspicious reading of 16.7C was recorded in August 1952 NICARAGUA Managua 14 39 Jinotega 8.9 34.2 Ocotal 7.7 39 Esteli 5.5 35.8 Chinandega 10 42 San Francisco Libre 42* * very dubious Leon 13 40.1 Rivas 16.3 36.6 Bluefields 16.1 39.4 NIGER Niamey 8.3 47 Agadez 3 47.1 Bilma -2.4 48.2 Nguigmi 3 47 Tillabery 6 46.8 NIGERIA Abuja 8 41 Lagos 13.9 37.3 Port Harcourt 13.9 37.2 Ilorin 9 40.1 Kano 3.9 43.6 Maiduguri 6.1 46.1 Yola 46.4* * dubious Sokoto 3.9 47.2* * very dubious, likely taken with not proper instruments Jos 4.4 37.2 Potiskum 2.8 46.1 NORTH KOREA Pyongyang -30.2 37.7 Chunggangjin -43.6 38 Wonsan -21.9 39.6 Hoeryong 40.9 Sinmusong -45.1 Chosan 41* * unofficial,dubious Baekdu Mountain -51* * unofficial NORWAY Oslo Airport -32 33 Oslo City -26 35 Bergen -16.3 31.8 Trondheim -26.1 35 Tromso City -18.4* 30.2 * -21.8C was also recorded in the Tromsdalen Station in February 2012 Hammerfest -22 28 Nesbyen -35.5 35.6 Roros -50.4 30.7 Karasjok -51.4 32.4 Bjornoya Island -31.6 23.6 Hopen Island -36.9 17.8 Jan Mayen Island -28.4 18.1 Longyearbyen(Svalbard) -46.3 21.3 Gronfjorden (Svalbard) -49.4 Bouvet Island -18.7 10.6 OMAN Muscat Airport 9.4 49 Salalah 10 47.2 Fahud 5.6 50.7 Buraimi 2.5 50.8 Sohar Majis 50.8 Saiq -3.6 37.1 Jabal ash Sham -7.8 27.6 PAKISTAN Islamabad -3.9 46.6 Lahore City -2.2 48.3 Karachi 0 47.8 Sibi -7.1 53 Jacobabad -3.9 52.8 Mohenjo-daro 53.5 Peshawar -3.9 50 Quetta -18.3 42 Sakardu -24.1 42.7 Astore -26 37 PALAU Melekeok Koror 20.6 33.9* * temperatures between 34.4C and 35.0C are unreliable Nekken Forestry 18.9 34.4 PANAMA Panama City 17.5 38 Santiago 15.6 39.4 David 16.5 38 Puerto Colon 18.9 36.1 San Francisco 40 Bajo Grande 2 26.2 Baru Volcano -6* * unofficial PAPUA NEW GUINEA Port Moresby 14.4 37.2 Lae 17.3 38.7 Goroka 6.1 30.6 Tambul -2.3 Yumbisa -3 Kieta (Bougainville)17.8 35.6 PARAGUAY Asuncion Downtown -1.7 43.3 Asuncion Guarani AP-1.2 40 Ciudad del Este -3 40.2 Encarnacion -6 42 Concepcion -2.8 42.6 Pedro Pena -7 44.8 Prats Gill -7.5 45 PERU Lima Airport 8.7 33.9 Iquitos 11 39 Cuzco -9 30 Arequipa -4 30 Tacna Airport 0 33.5* * highest temperature of 36.0C was recorded in the town Observatory Pucallpa 8 39.6 Neshuya 41.1* * dubious Mazo Cruz -25.2* * unofficial temperature of -27.7C also recorded Chuapalca -28.2* * suspicious, likely taken under not proper exposure conditions PHILIPPINES Manila 14.5* 38.8* * old unofficial records were 13.5C in February 1767 and 39.7C in May 1878 Tuguegarao 12.1 42.2 Baguio 3 30 Mount Pulog -8* * unofficial Iloilo 16.5 37.8 Cotabato (Mindanao)18.3 38.2 Gen.Santos (Mindanao)16.9 39 Malaybalay (Mindanao)10 36.2 POLAND Warsaw -30.7 36.4 * -33.7C was also recorded in February 1855 Lodz -30.3 37.6 Krakow -29.9 36.7 Poznan -28.5 38.2 Kolo -28.6 38.4 Slubice -29.4 39.5* * questioned Proszkow (Opole) 40.2* * suspicious Siedlce -41 35.5 Olecko -42* * unofficial Rabka -42.2* * unofficial, temperatures as low as -46C also reported nearby in 1929 PORTUGAL Lisbon -1.2* 43 * an old record of -3.5C was also set in 1766 Porto -3.8* 38.3* * extremes of -5.0C and 40.1C were recorded at the Airport Faro -1.4 44.3 Setubal -5.3 43.5 Beja -5.5 45.4 Braganca -12 39.5 Amareleja 47.4 Penhas da Saude -16 Miranda do Douro -16 Funchal (Madeira) 4.5 38.5 Sanatorio do Monte (Medeira) 39 Santo da Serra (Madeira) 40* * unofficial Arieiro Peak (Madeira) -4.3 Bica da Cana (Madeira) -9.5* * dubious Porto Santo (Madeira) 5 35.3 Santa Maria (Azores)4.8 30.7 Ponta Delgada (Az.) 3.5 28.8 Madalena (Azores) 32.1 Cerrado dos Bezerros (Azores) 0.3 26.5 Cha das Lagoinhas (Azores) -3.5 QATAR Doha Airport 3.8 50.4 Umm Said 3* 52.2* * very dubious ROMANIA Bucharest -32 41.6 Timisoara -35.3 41 Iasi -36.6 40.1 Cluj -34.2 38 Constanta -25 38.5 Galati -28.6 40.5 Ion Sion Farm (Ramnicelu)44.5 Varfu Omul -38 22.1 Bod -38.5 RUSSIA Moscow Observatory-42.2 38.2* * 39.7C was also recorded in the Bykovo Airport Station St.Petersburg -35.9 37.1 Nizhniy Novgorod -41.4 38.3 Kaliningrad -33.3 36.5 Archangelsk -45.2 34.4 Murmansk -39.4 32.9 Novosibirsk -51.1 40 Omnsk -49 40.4 Pechora -56 34.9 Ust'Schugor (Europe)-58.1 35 Sochi -13.4* 39.4 * unofficial lowest of -18C also recorded Grozny (Chechnya) -31.5 41.4 Elista -34 42.9 Astrakhan -33.8 41 Alexandrov Gaj -39.9 43.8 Jaskul -36.1 44.2 Utta 45.4 Krasnoyarsk -52.8 36.5 Irkutsk -49.7 37.2 Verkhojansk -67.6* 37.3 * originally -69.8C, later corrected for overexposure of the instrument Oymyakon -67.7* 34.6 * an extrapolated data of -71.2C in 1926 is also on records Yakutzk -64.4 38.4 Vladivostok Airport -36 36 Vladivostok Port -31.4 34.1 Yuzhno-Kuril'ske -20.3 30.5 Belogorsk (Asia) -48 42.4 Ust Kara (Asia) 42.7 Golomjannyj Island-48.9 13 RWANDA Kigali 9 35.4 Butare 9.5 31.4 Ruhondo 0 ST KITTS AND NEVIS Basseterre Airport 16 35.1 La Guerite 16.1 34 Charlestown (Nevis) 18 32.7 ST LUCIA Castries 15.6 35.6 Soufriere 13.3* 36.1* * Soufriere old data was likely taken with not proper instruments Hewanorra Airport 17.4 33.3 ST VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES Kingstown Downtown 15.6 33.9 Arnon Vale Airport 18 35.6 Camden Park 35.6 SAMOA Apia 16.1 34.9* * a unofficial old temperature of 35.6C also recorded Alaufa 15.3 34.9 Asau 16.8 35.3 Afiamalu 10.5 29.2 SAN MARINO San Marino City -12.9 39.9* * questioned Serravalle -18 39.5 SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE Sao Tome 13.3 36 Sto Antonio(Principe)15.6 34.7 Monte Cafe 8.7 32.5 SAUDI ARABIA Ryad -7.2 48.9 Jeddah 9 52 Yenbo 6.3 49.5 Medina -1 49 Makkah 8 50 Abqaiq 51.7 Dhahran -0.5 51.1 Turaif -12.2 47 SENEGAL Dakar 10.7 42.7 Saint Louis 6 46.5 Matam 6.8 48.8 Podor 6.1 48 Linguere 5.4 47.7 Kaolak 7.9 47.8* * dubious Ziguinchor (Casam.) 7.8 45 Tambacounda 7.2 47.2 Diourbel 4.2 47.5 SERBIA Belgrade -26.2 43.6 Novi Sad -30.7 41.6 Kraljevo -27.1 44.3 Smederevska Palanka-32.6 44.9 Cuprija -28.4 44.6 Nis -23.7 44.2 Sjenica -38 35.6 Karajukica Bunari -39.5 Pristina (Kosovo) -26.3 40 Prizren (Kosovo) -23.4 42 Gnjilane (Kosovo) -32.5 SEYCHELLES Port Victoria 19.3 32.8 Rawinsonde Airport 19.6 34.1 Aldabra Atoll 17.5 36.3 SIERRA LEONE Freetown 15 37* * a questioned record of 38.6C was taken under not proper exposure conditions Bo 12 38.5 Makeni 9 39.4 Daru 11.7 40 Njala 40 Mano 40 Musaia 40* * suspicious, likely taken with not proper instruments Yengema 6.1 39.4 SINGAPORE Singapore Downtown 18.9 36.1 Singapore Airport 19.4 36 SLOVAKIA Bratislava -36 38.6 Kosice -27 39 Hurbanovo -35 40.3 Viglas Pstrus-Dolina -41 SLOVENIA Ljubljana -26.4 37.6 Kocevje -31.5 38 Murska Sobota -31 39.8 Maribor -25.8 38.8 Crnomelj 40.6 Babno-Polje -34.5* * unofficial temperature of -39.6C was recorded nearby in February 1929 Lepa Komna -49.1* * recorded in a frost hollow SOLOMON ISLANDS Honiara 16.6 36.1 Kira Kira 15.6* 35.7* * very dubious Tulaghi 36.1 SOMALIA Mogadishu 15 39.8 Kisimayo 18 37.8 Baidoa 16.1 38.9 Bosaso 45.2 Qardho 6 Berbera (Somaliland)12.2 47.8 Hargeysa (Somaliland)2.8 37 Erigavo (Somaliland)-3.3* 31 * dubious, like taken with not proper instruments SOUTH AFRICA Cape Town Observ. 1.4 40.9 Cape Town Wingfield-2.2 41.3 Pretoria City -6.1 38.2* * 38.4C were also recorded in the Hill Station in 1973 Pretoria Airport -1.4 37.9 Bloemfontein -12.2 39.3 Johannesburg -8.2 35.4 Durban 2.6 41.9 Port Elizabeth -0.5 40.7 Sutherland -16 35.5 Buffelsfontein -18.6 35 Vioolsdrif 48.8 Dunbrody 50* * dubious Marion Island -6.8 23.8 SOUTH KOREA Seoul -23.1* 38.4 * -24.4C was also recorded in another city station Incheon -21 38.9 Busan -14* 36.7 * -15.0C was also recorded in the Airport Station Taegu -20.2 40 Jeju -6* 37.5 * -7C was also recorded in the Airport Station Yangpyong -32.6 37.6 Muju 40.3* * unofficial,questioned Hapcheon -16.9 39.2* * Unofficial and questioned temperature of 41.2C was set in July 1994 Cholwon -33* * unofficial SOUTH SUDAN Ramciel Juba 11.1 44.5 Wau 9.3 46 Raga 5.5 43.9 Dulayb 9 47 SPAIN Madrid Retiro Obs.-10.1 40* * extremes in the old Observatory of -12.5C and 44.3C were likely taken with not proper instruments Madrid Airport -15.2 42.2 Barcelona City -6.8* 39.3* * extremes of -10.0C and 39.8C were recorded at the Fabra Hill Observatory Barcelona Airport -8 37.4 Seville -5.8 47 La Coruna City -3 39.6 Valencia -8 43* * 44.5C was also recorded in the Airport Grenada Airport -14.2 42.6 Malaga Airport -3.8 44.2 Leon -17.4 38.2 Bilbao -8.6* 42* * old records of -11.2C and 43.4C were likely taken with not proper instruments Ibiza Island -3 36.6 Albacete Los Llanos -24 42.6 Murcia -6 47.2* * 47.8C in 1876 was likely taken with not proper instruments Montoro 48* * unofficial Totana 48* * unofficial Utrera 48* * unofficial Berja 50* * unofficial,questioned,likely taken with not proper instruments Alhama 50* * unofficial,dubious,likely taken with not proper instruments Huecija 49* * unofficial,questioned,likely taken with not proper instruments Moratalla 49* * unofficial,questioned,likely taken with not proper instruments Dona Ines 48* * questioned,likely taken with not proper instruments Isla Menor 49* * unofficial,questioned,likely taken with not proper instruments Arahal 49* * dubious,likely taken with not proper instruments Lora del Rio 48* * very dubious La Palma del Condado 48* * very dubious,likely taken with not proper instruments Estany Gento -32 Viña Acevedo (Ceuta)1.3 40.2 Monte Hacho (Ceuta)-0.4 38.5 Melilla -0.5 41.8 Sta Cruz de Tenerife(Canary)8.1 42.6 Gran Canaria AP (Canary) 6.5 44.2 Fuerteventura AP (Canary) 5.4 44 La Palma AP (Canary) 9.4 38.4 Lanzarote AP (Canary) 8 43.6 Hierro AP (Canary) 8 34.2 Barranco de Masca (Canary) 47.5 Arrecife (Canary) 48* * unofficial, dubious Izana (Canary) -9.8 30.4 Pico de la Teide (Canary) -16.8 25.8 Canada de la Grieta (Canary)-21* * unofficial SRI LANKA Colombo City 15.2 37 Batticaloa 17.1 39 Galle 17.1 36.4 Jaffna 16.2 38.7 Trincomalee 18.2 39.8 Anuradhapura 11.8 39.6 Vavuniya 10.5 40.1 Nuwara Eliya -2.7 27.7 SUDAN Khartoum 5.2 47.7 Port Sudan 10 48.6 Wadi Halfa 1 48.9 Abu Hamed 4.5 49.5 Dongola 2.7 49.7 Zalingei -1.2 42.7 El Fasher 0.6 46 Damazine 8.5 47 SURINAME Paramaribo Airport 15.2 37.8 Placers L en F de Jong 17 39.3* * dubious Sipaliwini 14.8 SWAZILAND Mbabane -6.1 37.2 Manzini 0 42.5 Sidvokodvo (Dearn) 46.1 SWEDEN Stockholm Observ. -32 36* * dubious Stockholm Bromma -32.8 35.3 Gothenburg -26.4 34.1 Malmo -28 34 Uppsala -39.5 37.4 Linkoping -33.5 34.6 Vasteras -36.5 36 Malilla -33.8 38 Ultuna -32.2 38 Karesuando -49* 32.5 * an unofficial reading of -54C was recorded in the churchyard of the town Pite -41.5 34.9 Nikkaluokta -49.4 28.5 Vuoggatjalme -52.6 29.3 Malgovik -53* * very questioned, recorded with private equipments Buttle (Gotland Is.)-32.8 35.2 Ekerum (Oland Is.) -29.2 33 Mossen (Oland Is.) -26.1 34.5 SWITZERLAND Bern -23.3 37 Geneva -19.9* 38.5 * -25.3C was also recorded in January 1838 Zurich Observat. -24.2 36* * a reading of 37.7C of 1947 have been corrected to 35.8C by Meteo Swiss Zurich Airport -24.8 37.1 Basel -24.1 38.6* * a reading of 39.0C of 1952 have been corrected by Meteo Swiss Roveredo 39.3 Grono -13 41.5* * questioned Lugano -14 37.1* * a reading of 38.0C of 1945 have been discounted by Meteo Swiss Saentis -32 20.8 Jungfraujock -36.6 12.7 La Brevine -42.5* 33.7 * originally -41.8C,it was later corrected Glattalp -52.5* * unofficial,recorded in a hollow frost SYRIA Damascus Airport -13.5* 45.8 * -15C was also recorded in Madaya Station in 1950 Aleppo -18 47 Palmyra -10.4 48.3 Deir El Zor -10.4 47.8 Hassakah -11 49.4 Tel Abiadh -16.5 46.1 Idlib -23 TAIWAN Taipei -0.2 38.8 Taichung -1 39.3 Kaohsiung 4.4 37.1 Taitong 7.4 39.7 Chenggong 40.2 Hengchun 8.4 37 Alishan -11.5 25.5 Yushan North Peak -18.4 TAJIKISTAN Dushanbe -29 44 Khorog -32 39.7 Murghob -47 33 Shaymak -51.6 27 Eastern Pamir -63* * unofficial Aivadj 47 Nizhniy Pyandzh -27 48* * dubious TANZANIA Dar es Salaam Air. 12.8 35.9 Dodoma 7.6 36.7 Tanga 15.5 35.2 Mbeya -2 32 Shume (Neu Hornow) -2.1 Moshi 8 38.9 Kilimanjaro Airport 6 38.7 Kisauni (Zanzibar) 16 39.4 Wete (Pemba) 15.6 Mount Kilimanjaro -22* * unofficial THAILAND Bangkok 9.9 40.8 Pattaya 14.6 37.3 Phuket Town 16.9 37.8 Koh Samui 18.6 36.7 Surat Thani 12.4 39.8 Narathiwat 17.1 39 Chiang Mai 3.7 42.4 Chiang Rai 1 41.3 Udon Thani 2.5 43.9 Ubon Ratchathani 7.6 42.4 Sakon Nakhon -1.4 42.3 Dan Sai -1.5 Uttaradit 4.5 44.5 Doi Inthanon -8 Mt.Luang Chiang Dao -9* * unofficial TIMOR LESTE Dili 11.8 36.6 Bazar-Tete 16 36 Viqueque 12 38 Baucau 38* * dubious Bobonaro 38* * dubious Barique 39* * dubious Liquica 41.1* * very dubious, likely taken with not proper instruments Aileu 8.3 Hato Builico 1 25 TOGO Lome 14.3 37.6 Sokode 10 41.2 Mango 10 43.4 Palime 9.8 37 TONGA Nuku'Alofa 10* 33.1* * unofficial readings of 8.3C and 33.9C were also recorded Fuaamotu 8.7 34 Keppel Island 11.1 34.6 Vava'u 14.1* 35 * unofficial 12.4C was also recorded in July 1940 TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO Port of Spain AP 15.6 36.5 Tobago Airport 18.2 34.4 Penal 15 TUNISIA Tunis -3.8 48 Bizerte -2 47.7 Djerba 0 48 El Borma 50.1 Burj al-Hattabah -9 TURKEY Ankara Downtown -24.9 40.8 Ankara Airport -31.2 41.2 Istanbul -16.1 40.5 Izmir -11.1 43.2 Edirne (Europe) -22.2 44.1 Luleburgaz (Europe)-24.2 Erzurum -40 36.5 Antalya -7.7 45.2 Iskenderun -3.2 43.2 Diyarbakyr -24.2 46.2 Sanliurfa -12.4 46.8 Cizre 48.6 Agri (Karakose) -45.6 38.2 TURKMENISTAN Ashkabad -28 46.7* * unofficial reading of 48C also recorded Turkmenbasy -21.9 44.7 Repetek Reserve -31 50.1 Kushka -33.8 45.5 Chesme -35 49 TUVALU Funafuti 20 35.3 Nui 19.5* 35.3* * very dubious, likely taken with not proper instruments Nanumea 36* * very dubious, likely taken with not proper instruments UGANDA Kampala 10* 36.2* * older extreme temperatures are unreliable Kabale 2.8 30 Soroti 40.1* * dubious Mbarara -1.1* * unreliable,likely taken under not proper conditions Rwenzori Range -7.7* * unofficial UKRAINE Kyiv -32.9 39.4 Simferopol -25.2* 39.5 * a record of -30.2C in February 1911 was recorded in other city station Yalta -17.8 39.1 Odessa -29 39.3 Kherson -32.2 41 Voznesensk -29.7 41.3 Lukhansk -41.9 42 UNITED ARAB EMIRATES Abu Dhabi 5.4 49.2 Sharjah 2.5 49.2 Dubai 7.4 47.5 Ras al Khaimah 4.4 48.8 Fujairah 10.8 50.2 Liwa 50.3 Al Jazeera 1.3 52.1* * suspicious Rakhna -1 49.9 Jabal Jais -2.7 36.5 Ra'alat al-Jees -5* * unofficial UNITED KINGDOM Greater London -18.8* 38.1 * - 21.1C also recorded in December 1796 and January 1795 London Greenwich -16.1 37.5 Birmingham -20.8 34.9 Liverpool -14 35 Manchester -17.8* 33.9 * temperatures as low as -24C were recorded during the XVIII century Aberdeen -19.3 30 Glasgow -18.7 31.1 Edinburgh -17.4 31.4 Cardiff -16.7 34.5 Belfast -12.8* 30.8 * -14.9C was also recorded at the Airport Station in December 2010 Lossiemouth -27 31 Blackadder -31* * unofficial and questioned reading recorded in December 1879 Saint Albans -33.8* * unofficial and questioned reading recorded in December 1788 Brogdale (England) 38.5* * questioned Hawarden Bridge (Wales) 35.2 Greycrook (Scotland) 32.9 Knockarevan (N.Ireland) 30.8 Newport (England) -26.1 Braemar (Scotland) -27.2 Altnaharra (Scotland) -27.2 Rhyader (Wales) -23.3 Castlederg (N. Ireland) -18.6 Edenfel (N.Ireland) -19.4* * unofficial, recorded under not standard exposure conditions Jersey St Louis -10.3 36 Jersey Airport -10.9 35 St.Aubin (Jersey) -11 Guernsey Airport -7.2 34.3 Saint Peter (Guernsey)-8.4 Isle of Man Airport -9.1 28.9 Douglas (Isle of Man)-11.7 Kirkwall (Orkney) -7.8 25.6 Lerwick (Shetland) -8.9 21.9 Stornoway (Hebridean)-12.2 26.3 St.Mary's (Scilly Is.) -7 27.8 Gibraltar -2.9 40.6 Prospect (Bermuda) 6.1 34.9 Fort George (Bermuda) 5 34.5 Plymouth (Montserrat) 15.6* 36.1* * extreme temperatures of 15.0C and 36.7C were likely taken under not proper conditions Grand Turk (Turks C.) 15.6 36 Owens Roberts AP(Cayman I.)11.1 34.7 West Bay (Cayman I.) 11.2 34.9 Georgetown Crewe Road(Cayman I.) 35.7* * unofficial, recorded with a private equipment The Valley (Anguilla) 17.9 33.6 Tortola (Virgin Is.) 15.6 35.6 Stanley (Falkland I.)-11.1 26.1 Mount Pleasant (Falkland I.) -10.4 29.2 Pebble Island (Falkland I.) -4.4 20.4 Sea Lion Island (Falkland I.) -8.7 19.9 Weddell Island (Falkland I.) -7.2 21.6 Grytviken (South Georgia) -19.4 23.5 King Edward Point (S.Georgia)-18.9 26.3 Bird Island (S.Georgia) -11.4 14.5 South Thule Isl.(S.Sandwich) -29.8 17.7 King George Isl.(S.Shetland) -26.6 11.7 Jamestown (St Helena) 14.4 33.9 St Matthews (St Helena)7.8 28.8 Wide Awake F.(Ascension)19 32.5 Georgetown (Ascension) 20 34.9 Residency (Ascension) 14.5 30.8 Tristan da Cunha Is. 2.4 27.6 Gough Island -2.7 28.6 Diego Garcia Island 18.3 37.2 Adamstown (Pitcairn) 10 29.9 Henderson Isl.(Pitcairn) 35 URUGUAY Montevideo -7.4 42.8 Salto -5.3 42.2 Rocha -5.8 42 Artigas -5.2 42 Mercedes -8 42.8* * 44.6C in 1923 was likely taken with not proper instruments Rivera -5.4 42.2* * 44.0C in 1953 was likely taken with not proper instruments Paysandu -7.4 44 Melo -11 42.1* * 43.1C in 1935 was likely taken with not proper instruments UZBEKISTAN Tashkent -29.5 44.6 Termez -19.7* 47* * unofficial old readings of -25C and 50.5C were taken with not proper conditions Tamdy -30.1 48.4 Samarkand -25.4 42.4 Kulkuduk -37 47 Mashikuduk 49.7 Karakalpakiya -39.8 46 VANUATU Port Vila Airport 8.5 36.2 VATICAN CITY* -8.2 40.1 * data from the nearby Collegio Romano station is used VENEZUELA Caracas Downtown 7.1 35.3 Caracas Airport 16.1 37.1 Maracaibo 18 41 Ciudad Bolivar 17.7 40.4 Coro 18* 40.5* * old records of 16.0C and 41.6C were likely affected by overexposure Porlamar (Margarita Is.)17 39 Maracay 10.8 38.5 Merida 9 33.2 Mucubaji -8.6 22.2 Piedras Blancas -12* * unofficial VIETNAM Hanoi 2.7 40.4* * an old record of 42.8C at the Gia Lam Airport was taken under not standard exposure conditions Ho Chi Min City 13.8 39.4* * an old record of 41.7C was taken with not proper instruments Vinh 4 40.7 Da Nang 7.2 40 Na Thrang 14.6 39.5 Tuong Duong 42.7 Tay Hieu 43* * questioned Sa Pa -6.1 33 Hoang Lien Son -6 24.9 Truong Sa (Spratly)17.4 35.8 YEMEN Sanaa -5.8 34.4 Aden 14.1 43.3 Ryan 13.8 43.9 Seiyoun 46.3 Kitab -9 Socotra Island 17 42 ZAMBIA Lusaka 0 39.6 Livingstone -3.7 41.3 Mfuwe 1 42.8 Lusitu 46.4* * dubious,likely recorded with not proper instruments Choma -9 ZIMBABWE Harare -1.2 36.7 Bulawayo -4 38.5 Victoria Falls -4.3 41.1 Beitbridge -1.1 45.6 Kariba 2.7 45.6* * dubious,likely recorded with not proper instruments Buffalo Range 0.6 45.5 Matopos -10.3 38.2 Matobo Hills -12.7 ANTARCTICA Vostok -89.2 -12.2 Amundsen-Scott -82.8 -12.3 Mc Murdo -50.6 13.4 Base Orcadas -44 15.2 Base Marambio -38.3 16.5 Base Esperanza -32.6 15.9 Base San Martin -47 15 Base Frei -28.7 13 Luis Carvjal -44 9 Syowa -45.3 10 Vanda Station 15 Scott Base -57 6 Mawson -36 10.6 Casey -41 9.2 Davis -41.8 13 Rothera Point -39.5 12 Byrd Camp -63.3 5 Dumont D'urville -37.5 9.9 Signy Island -40.1 19.8 MARS Viking Lander 2 -107 Viking Lander 1 -17.2
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