The water quality from an air conditioner outlet is generally considered to be relatively clean, often described as similar to distilled water

 The water quality from an air conditioner outlet is generally considered to be relatively clean, often described as similar to distilled water, as it primarily consists of condensed moisture from the air, making it free of many contaminants; however, while it can be used for certain purposes like plant watering, it is not typically considered safe to drink without further treatment due to potential for contaminants depending on the environment and unit maintenance. 

Key points about AC outlet water quality:

Essentially distilled:

The water produced by an air conditioner is essentially distilled water, meaning it has very few dissolved minerals. 

Slightly acidic to slightly alkaline:

The pH level of AC condensate usually falls within a neutral range, sometimes leaning slightly acidic or alkaline depending on the environment. 

Potential contaminants:

While considered clean, the water can still contain trace amounts of pollutants like dust, pollen, or mold spores present in the air. 

Suitable uses:

This water is often used for watering plants, cleaning floors, or even re-used in certain industrial applications where high purity water is needed. 

Not for drinking:

Although technically clean, it is not recommended to drink directly from an AC outlet without further purification due to potential for contamination and lack of necessary minerals. 

The impact of ethanol on the environment

The impact of ethanol on the environment 

Scientists should not be dismissed for raising concerns about ethanol factories

Updated - February 27, 2025 01:19 pm IST

Concerns about the Ethanol Blended Petrol (EBP) programme refuse to die down in Andhra Pradesh, with scientists and farmers saying water resources are depleting and emissions from factories are polluting the air, water, and soil.

Buoyed by the encouraging results of the Ethanol Blended Petrol (EBP) programme, which was introduced in India as a pilot project in 2001, the Central government in 2020 decided to advance the target of 20% ethanol blending in petrol from 2030 to 2025 as the way towards a greener future. The EBP programme was said to be the way of addressing multiple concerns — of growing energy consumption, oil imports, and increasing carbon emissions from vehicles. Under the EBP, ethanol is made using grains, such as broken rice and corn, and is therefore said to double farmers’ income as well.

As of 2024, the blend percentage was 15% in the country. To meet the required target of 20% ethanol in petrol by 2025-26, 1,016 crore litres of ethanol would be required. The Centre announced relaxations in the application processes for environmental clearance and also offered subsidies on purchase of grains to ensure a smoother process for ethanol factories.

Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Haryana and Punjab have the highest number of ethanol factories in the country, contributing a substantial portion to the overall production capacity of 947 crore litres in 2022, as per information provided by former Union Minister of State for Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution, Sadhvi Niranjan Jyoti, to the Lok Sabha.

Since 2024, there have been continuous protests at the Gummaladoddi, Gandepalli, Arugolanu villages in Andhra Pradesh against the EBP programme. All the three villages are located near a river or a canal, which is the source of drinking water and agricultural needs. Lokayukta officials had also said officials of the Pollution Control Board had failed to take action in 2022 against a factory producing ethanol since 2008 in Gandepalli despite knowing that effluents were being discharged into a nearby canal, which is used by farmers for agricultural purposes.

Much of the confusion regarding how polluting an ethanol plant can be arises from the fact that environmental clearances do not mention emissions to begin with. Experts say that hazardous, cancer-causing chemicals such as acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, and acrolein are some of the emissions from ethanol factories, but these don’t find a mention in the clearances given to the ethanol factories in the East Godavari, Krishna and NTR districts in the State, as per environmentalists.

All ethanol production plants and distilleries fall under the ‘red category’, which means that they have a pollution score of 60 or more, as per Central government norms. But to facilitate a smoother and quicker clearance process, the Centre has allowed them to be set up without public hearings. Many of them are near human settlements.

Farmers also fear that the water-guzzling factories will leave them with no water for their crops. Their fears are not unfounded. Scientists for People, a collective of scientists based in Hyderabad, argue that a grain-based ethanol factory requires 8-12 litres of water per litre of ethanol. With the flow in perennial rivers such as the Krishna being lean for most of the year, factories located near these rivers depend on groundwater, which is a contravention of the rules.

A Niti Aayog report states that when petrol was blended with 20% of the biofuel, carbon monoxide reduced by 30% in four wheelers and 50% in two wheelers. While this may be true, scientists and environmentalists ask of what use the EBP programme is if the gains achieved are negated by the harmful chemicals released into the atmosphere during the process. On the one hand, environmentalists say the processes involved in the making of biofuel make it more harmful for the environment. On the other, industrialists say many factories cannot afford pollution control measures because of rising production and labour costs.

Without dismissing environmentalists for being “anti-development”, the governments would do well to listen to their concerns and adopt corrective measures. After all, their collective goal remains the same — to work towards a greener future. This cannot come at the cost of agriculture, health, and the riparian rights of the people.

In water quality analysis, COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand), TOC (Total Organic Carbon), and KMnO4 value (permanganate index) all measure different aspects of organic matter present,

 In water quality analysis, COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand), TOC (Total Organic Carbon), and KMnO4 value (permanganate index) all measure different aspects of organic matter present, with COD representing the total oxidizable organic matter, BOD indicating the biodegradable organic matter, TOC measuring the total carbon content, and KMnO4 value reflecting the readily oxidizable organic matter; essentially, COD is the most comprehensive measure, followed by BOD, then KMnO4 value, while TOC provides a different perspective on organic content by directly measuring carbon atoms. 

Key points about the relationships:

COD is always greater than or equal to BOD:

Since COD measures all oxidizable organic matter, including non-biodegradable components, its value will always be higher than BOD, which only measures the biodegradable organic matter that bacteria can consume. 

COD and BOD can be used to estimate the biodegradability of organic matter:

A high COD/BOD ratio indicates a large proportion of non-biodegradable organic matter present in the water sample. 

TOC provides a different perspective:

While COD and BOD measure oxygen demand based on oxidation, TOC directly measures the total carbon content in a sample, which can be useful for specific applications. 

KMnO4 value is a quick indicator:

KMnO4 value, measured by the amount of potassium permanganate consumed by a water sample, is a rapid test to estimate readily oxidizable organic matter, often used as a preliminary screening tool. 

Important considerations:

Site-specific correlations:

The exact relationships between COD, BOD, TOC, and KMnO4 value can vary depending on the water source and the types of organic compounds present. 

Analytical methods:

Each parameter is measured using different analytical methods, which can affect the results. 

When measuring organic matter in water using potassium permanganate (KMnO4), a higher concentration of organic matter indicates a greater demand for dissolved oxygen,

 When measuring organic matter in water using potassium permanganate (KMnO4), a higher concentration of organic matter indicates a greater demand for dissolved oxygen, meaning that more oxygen will be consumed as the organic matter is oxidized by the permanganate, potentially leading to a decrease in the dissolved oxygen level in the water; essentially, the more organic matter present, the lower the dissolved oxygen concentration can become as bacteria decompose it. 

Key points about the relationship:

Oxidation process:

KMnO4 acts as a strong oxidizing agent, readily reacting with organic matter in water, essentially "consuming" oxygen in the process to break down the organic compounds. 

Oxygen demand:

The amount of KMnO4 needed to oxidize the organic matter in a water sample is often used to estimate the "Chemical Oxygen Demand" (COD), which represents the theoretical amount of oxygen required to completely oxidize the organic material. 

Impact on aquatic life:

When large amounts of organic matter are present, the bacteria that decompose it utilize dissolved oxygen, leading to potential oxygen depletion in the water, which can harm aquatic organisms. 

Example scenario:

High organic matter in a pond: If a pond has a high level of organic matter (e.g., decaying plant material), a test using KMnO4 would likely show a high COD value, indicating a large demand for oxygen to break down the organic material. This could lead to a decrease in the dissolved oxygen concentration in the pond, potentially stressing aquatic life. 

Direct Air Capture Industry worth $1,727 million by 2030

Direct Air Capture Industry worth $1,727 million by 2030

According to a research report, the global direct air capture market is estimated to grow at a CAGR 60.9% between 2023 to 2030 to reach a market size of USD 1,727 million by 2030, from an estimated USD 62 million in 2023. Direct Air Capture provides a pathway to offset emissions that cannot be entirely eliminated. Direct air capture technology is known for its unique technology which directly captures CO2 from the ambient air, which is poised to play a pivotal role in the carbon removal process. Countries across the globe are putting efforts to reduce their carbon emission to meet the net-zero emission goals. Direct Air Capture (DAC) systems exhibit adaptability in their deployment, capable of being implemented across diverse scales and geographical locations. This inherent flexibility contributes to the versatility of DAC technology, allowing for customization to suit the specific magnitude of emissions and regional needs. Moreover, Direct Air Capture (DAC) can play a vital role in mitigating historical or legacy emissions by actively extracting carbon dioxide that has accumulated in the atmosphere over an extended period. This proactive approach aids in reversing the environmental impacts associated with past emissions.

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Key Market Players

Global thermostat (US),    

Heirloom Carbon Technologies (US),    

Carbon Engineering ULC. (Canada),    

Climeworks (Switzerland),    

Skytree (Netherlands), among others...

The increasing global pressures on the environment, most notably carbon dioxide emissions are estimated to contribute nearly 76 percent of global greenhouse gas emission estimates, are a collective move toward influencing a global movement in adopting Direct Air Capture systems. In 2022, the Global Monitoring Lab in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) announced the average atmosphere carbon dioxide grew to 417.06 parts per million "ppm", an increase of 2.13 ppm from the previous year. Governments are acting to reach net-zero emissions. More than 140 countries, several of whom are among the highest contributors to pollution (such as China, the United States, India, and the European Union), are committed to reach net-zero emissions by 2050. The strong movement toward net-zero emissions (which requires not only emissions reduction, but also active removal of CO2) provides proper conditions for the viability of Direct Air Capture (DAC) systems to be adopted and succeed.

The Carbon capture and storage, by application, is expected to be the largest segment during the forecast period

The direct air capture market segments based on phase into two segments: Carbon capture, and storage (CCS) and carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS). The carbon capture, and storage is expected to be the fastest and largest growing during the forecast period. The growth is attributed by the adoption of Carbon mineralization, which involves the permanent removal of carbon dioxide by converting it into a solid mineral form, usually a carbonate, through a chemical reaction with specific rocks. Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) are the direct air capture process used for synthetic fuels, i.e., Power-to-X. The synthetic fuels are expected to be one of the top contributors to the aviation sector, providing ~40% of the aviation fuel demand. Predictions state that by 2070, at least ~20% of CO2 absorbed from bioenergy sources or caught directly from the atmosphere will be utilized in combination with clean hydrogen to generate synthetic hydrocarbon fuels.

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North America is expected to dominate the direct air capture market

North America is poised to be the largest region of the direct air capture market forecast (2023-2030), followed by Europe. North America's primary role is firmly bolstered by clear policies and market-driven activities. The role of US Department of Energy support, particularly in regards to programs such as the The Regional Direct Air Capture (DAC) Hubs program, serves a firm basis for North America's market leader position. Under this program, US will develop four regional direct air capture hubs. Furthermore, policy frameworks have been put in place to encourage the deployment of DAC such as 45 Q tax credit and California low Carbon Fuel Standard.The regional direct air capture market is experiencing growth due to the presence of leading solution providers like Global Thermostat (US), Carbon Engineering ULC. (Canada) and Heirloom Carbon Technologies (US).

About MarketsandMarkets™

MarketsandMarkets™ has been recently recognized as one of America’s best management consulting firms by Forbes, as per their recent report.

Founded in 2009, MarketsandMarkets recognized uncharted business potentials within disruptive trends, forecasting a surge of $25 trillion in new B2Brevenues by 2030. In our 13-year journey, we've collaborated with over 10,000companies, generating $140+ billion in revenue impact. From a market research publisher, we've transformed into a growth-enabling leader, backed by a 1500+strong team.

Smart Grid Market worth $161.1 billion by 2030

Smart Grid Market worth $161.1 billion by 2030

According to a new research report, the global Smart Grid Market is projected to grow from USD 73.8 billion in 2024 to USD 161.1 billion by 2030 at a CAGR of 16.9% during the forecast period. The demand for smart grid is on the rise due to various factors. Expansion in industries like manufacturing, automotive, and construction contributes to increased adoption of smart grid because of their variable energy needs. Additionally, population growth leads to higher levels of energy requirement from increased energy consumption, thereby driving the need for smart grid. Financial uncertainties are also a driving factor, as companies seek protection against potential losses arising from unforeseen events.

Key Market Players

General Electric Company (US),

Itron (US),

Trilliant Holdings (US),

Grid4C (US),

Cisco (US),

Oracle (US),

Siemens (Germany),

Schneider Electric (France),

ABB (Switzerland),

ENEL X (Italy),

Kamstrup (Denmark),

Mitsubishi Electric (Japan),

Wipro (India),

Tech Mahindra (India),

Globema (Poland),

Eaton (Ireland), among others...

Transmission is expected to emerge as the fastest-growing segment based on application segment

Based on application, the smart grid market has been segmented into generation,transmission, Distribution and consumption . The smart grid market's transmission segment is expanding at the fastest pace because it is in line with the changing energy landscape. An efficient automated transmission network can carry energy from bulk generation facilities to power distribution systems when required. Transmission of power from the generating station to the distribution system has appropriate communication interfaces with the effective participation of the system operator.

 Advance Metering Infrastructure is expected to be the fourth largest segment during the forecast period

Advance Metering Infrastructure (AMI) segment is expected to grow driven by the integration of advanced software solutions that facilitate two-way communication between customers and utilities. These software solutions empower both parties with real-time data on energy consumption and electricity pricing, enabling more efficient energy management. The software not only supports personalized tariff plans but also offers enhanced services such as remote meter reading, which ensures error-free data collection, and network congestion identification. Furthermore, it aids in load profiling, conducting energy audits, and implementing partial load curbing during load shedding scenarios.The software's ability to provide cost-effective solutions for reducing carbon footprints further underscores its growing importance. Consequently, AMI software is positioned to lead the market, reflecting its critical role in modernizing energy management and distribution systems

Asia Pacific is expected to be the fastest-growing region during the forecast period

The Asia-Pacific region is poised to lead the smart grid market due to rapid industrialization and construction activities, particularly in countries like India and China. This growth is driven by stringent environmental regulations, increasing awareness about energy optimization, and rising energy requirements. As these nations strive for sustainable development, the demand for smart grid escalates, making Asia Pacific the fastest-growing market for such solutions.

About MarketsandMarkets™

MarketsandMarkets™ has been recently recognized as one of America’s best management consulting firms by Forbes, as per their recent report.

Founded in 2009, MarketsandMarkets recognized uncharted business potentials within disruptive trends, forecasting a surge of $25 trillion in new B2B revenues by 2030. In our 13-year journey, we've collaborated with over 10,000companies, generating $140+ billion in revenue impact. From a market research publisher, we've transformed into a growth-enabling leader, backed by a 1500+strong team.

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A flowchart for measuring PM10

 A flowchart for measuring PM10 would typically include: (1) Air intake through a PM10 size-selective inlet, (2) particle collection on a filter, (3) filter weighing before and after sampling to determine mass of collected PM10, (4) calculation of PM10 concentration based on air volume sampled and mass collected; with additional steps for data recording, quality checks, and instrument calibration throughout the process. 

Detailed Flowchart:

Start:

Set up PM10 sampler with a calibrated flow rate and a clean filter. 

Record start time and location details. 

Air Sampling:

Ambient air is drawn into the sampler through a PM10 size-selective inlet, which only allows particles with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 micrometers or less to pass through. 

Particles are collected on a pre-weighed filter paper. 

Monitor and record the flow rate throughout the sampling period. 

Filter Analysis:

Carefully remove the filter from the sampler, avoiding contamination. 

Weigh the filter on a sensitive balance to determine the mass of collected particles. 

Record the final weight of the filter. 

Calculation:

Calculate the total volume of air sampled by multiplying the flow rate with the sampling time. 

Subtract the initial filter weight from the final weight to get the mass of PM10 collected. 

Divide the mass of PM10 by the total air volume sampled to determine the PM10 concentration (µg/m³). 

Data Recording and Quality Check:

Record all relevant data, including date, time, location, flow rate, initial and final filter weights. 

Perform quality checks on the data, including verifying flow rate stability and checking for potential contamination. 

End:

Report the PM10 concentration according to the established standards. 

Key Points:

Size-selective inlet:

A crucial component of a PM10 sampler, designed to only allow particles with a diameter less than 10 micrometers to reach the filter. 

Gravimetric analysis:

The standard method for measuring PM10 concentration, which involves weighing the filter before and after sampling to determine the mass of collected particles. 

Calibration:

Regular calibration of the sampler is necessary to ensure accurate measurements. 

Understanding Environmental Laws In India: A Guide

Understanding Environmental Laws In India: A Guide

Introduction: Environmental Laws

Environmental laws in India are designed to protect natural resources, prevent pollution, and promote sustainable development. With rapid industrialization and urbanization, environmental regulations play a crucial role in balancing economic growth with ecological preservation. This guide outlines key environmental laws, their significance, and how they impact individuals and businesses in India.

Contents

Introduction: Environmental Laws

What Are The Key Environmental Laws In India?

How Do These Laws Impact Individuals And Businesses?

What Are The Steps To Report Environmental Violations?

What Are The Penalties For Violating Environmental Laws?

Why Is Environmental Law Important?

Conclusion

What Are The Key Environmental Laws In India?

The Environment Protection Act, 1986 – Grants the government broad authority to regulate industries and control pollution.

The Air (Prevention And Control Of Pollution) Act, 1981 – Aims to reduce air pollution by regulating emissions from industries and vehicles.

The Water (Prevention And Control Of Pollution) Act, 1974 – Focuses on preventing water pollution by setting wastewater discharge standards.

The Forest Conservation Act, 1980 – Restricts the use of forest land for non-forest purposes to conserve biodiversity.

The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 – Provides legal protection to endangered species and prohibits poaching.

The National Green Tribunal (NGT) Act, 2010 – Establishes a specialized tribunal for quick resolution of environmental disputes.

How Do These Laws Impact Individuals And Businesses?

Industries must comply with pollution control norms – Factories and businesses must obtain environmental clearances and follow pollution control regulations.

Real estate and infrastructure projects need approvals – Large-scale construction projects require environmental impact assessments before proceeding.

Penalties for environmental violations – Non-compliance with environmental laws can result in fines, project shutdowns, or legal action.

Protection of public health – Laws help prevent pollution-related health hazards like air and water contamination.

Conservation of natural resources – Protects forests, wildlife, and ecosystems from over-exploitation.

What Are The Steps To Report Environmental Violations?

Identify The Violation

Pollution from industries, vehicles, or construction sites.

Illegal deforestation or encroachment on protected land.

Improper waste disposal, including hazardous waste dumping.

Gather Evidence

Take photos, videos, or collect relevant documents.

Note the date, time, and location of the violation.

Identify responsible parties, if possible.

Report To The Authorities

State Pollution Control Board (SPCB) – For air, water, and industrial pollution complaints.

National Green Tribunal (NGT) – For legal action against large-scale environmental damage.

Forest Department – For cases of illegal logging or wildlife violations.

Municipal Corporation – For issues like improper waste disposal or sewage discharge.

File A Complaint Online

Visit the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) website to submit complaints.

Use NGT’s online portal to file cases related to environmental degradation.

Lodge complaints through government helplines and mobile apps like “Green Delhi” for air pollution issues.

Seek Legal Assistance If Needed

If the authorities do not take action, consider consulting an environmental lawyer or approaching the National Green Tribunal.

NGOs and activists can also help in pursuing legal action.

What Are The Penalties For Violating Environmental Laws?

Industries violating pollution laws – Heavy fines and possible shutdowns by the pollution control board.

Illegal deforestation or wildlife poaching – Imprisonment and monetary penalties under the Wildlife Protection Act.

Unauthorized construction in eco-sensitive zones – Demolition of structures and legal consequences.

Improper waste disposal – Fines for dumping hazardous or untreated waste in water bodies or landfills.

Why Is Environmental Law Important?

Protects public health – Reduces pollution-related diseases and improves overall well-being.

Ensures sustainable development – Promotes responsible industrial growth without harming nature.

Safeguards biodiversity – Helps conserve forests, rivers, and wildlife.

Holds polluters accountable – Encourages businesses and individuals to follow eco-friendly practices.

Empowers citizens to take action – Provides a legal framework for individuals to report violations and demand corrective measures.

Conclusion

Environmental law in India serves as a crucial safeguard for natural resources and public health. Whether you are an individual, business, or policymaker, understanding and complying with these laws is essential. By being aware of your rights and responsibilities, you can contribute to a cleaner, healthier, and more sustainable environment for future generations.

.

The Future of Soil Microbiology in Agriculture

 The Future of Soil Microbiology in Agriculture

Soil microbiology and soil health have gained increasing attention in recent years. Microorganisms in the soil play a crucial role in plant growth, development, and overall productivity.

The plant microbiome refers to all microorganisms associated with a living plant. These microbes interact closely with plants, influencing their health and performance. Different microbiomes exist within the plant environment:

✅ Phyllosphere – Microbes on leaves, stems, and flowers, exposed to environmental factors like wind and temperature.

✅ Endosphere – Microbes inside plant tissues, such as roots, stems, and leaves, which can enter through root tips or natural openings.

✅ Rhizosphere – Microbes surrounding plant roots, aiding nutrient availability and supporting plant resilience.

Maintaining a balanced microbial environment is essential, as not all microbes benefit crops. The interaction between beneficial and harmful organisms varies between annual crops (e.g., maize, wheat, soybeans) and perennial crops (e.g., trees, vineyards).

Understanding the role of the microbiome in plant health, production, and nutrient cycles is just as important as focusing on the plant itself.

A safety data sheet (SDS) includes pictograms that indicate the hazards of a chemical.

 A safety data sheet (SDS) includes pictograms that indicate the hazards of a chemical. The pictograms are used on labels to alert users of potential risks. 

What is a pictogram? 

A pictogram is a symbol or graphic that conveys a hazard

It may include a symbol, border, background pattern, or color

The pictogram is determined by the chemical hazard classification

What is a safety data sheet?

An SDS is a document that contains information about a chemical's hazards and safety precautions 

It includes information about the chemical's properties, health hazards, and environmental hazards 

It also includes safety precautions for handling, storing, and transporting the chemical 

An SDS tells users what to do if emergencies occur 

What are some examples of pictograms? 

Health hazard, Flame, Exclamation mark, Gas cylinder, Corrosion, Exploding bomb, Flame over circle, and Environment.

The Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) requires pictograms on labels. The pictograms OSHA has adopted conform with the GHS and are used worldwide. 

A "mock drill on site emergency" as per law typically refers to a planned practice exercise simulating a potential emergency situation at a workplace

 A "mock drill on site emergency" as per law typically refers to a planned practice exercise simulating a potential emergency situation at a workplace, designed to test and rehearse the company's emergency response procedures, evacuation plans, and communication protocols, often mandated by local safety regulations to be conducted at a specific frequency (like every 6 months) to ensure preparedness in case of a real incident. 

Key aspects of a legal "on-site emergency mock drill":

Defined Scenario:

A realistic emergency scenario is chosen based on potential risks at the site, like fire, chemical spill, power outage, or natural disaster. 

Assigned Roles:

Specific roles are assigned to employees, including emergency coordinator, first aid providers, fire wardens, communication officers, and evacuation leaders. 

Communication Protocol:

Clear communication channels are used, including alarms, emergency broadcasts, and designated contact numbers to alert all personnel. 

Evacuation Procedures:

Practicing the designated evacuation routes, assembly points, and procedures for safely exiting the building. 

Incident Response:

Demonstrating appropriate actions to contain the simulated emergency, including initial first aid, isolation of hazards, and contacting external emergency services if needed. 

Post-Drill Debriefing:

A review session to identify areas of improvement, address any issues that arose during the drill, and document corrective actions. 

Important considerations for a legal mock drill:

Compliance with Regulations:

Ensure the drill aligns with local safety laws and industry standards regarding emergency response procedures. 

Documentation:

Maintain detailed records of the drill, including date, time, scenario, participants, observations, and corrective actions taken. 

Training and Awareness:

Regularly train employees on emergency response procedures and familiarize them with the site's emergency plan. 

Safety awareness and communication competition

 For a safety competition on Industry Safety Day 2025, you could include categories like: "Best Safety Poster Design," "Workplace Hazard Identification Challenge," "Emergency Response Drill," "Ergonomics Poster Competition," "Safety Slogan Contest," "First Aid Skills Demonstration," "PPE Inspection Challenge," "Near Miss Reporting Competition," "Safety Quiz," and "Workplace Safety Improvement Project Presentation." 

Key aspects to consider when choosing competition categories:

Relevance to industry:

Choose competitions that directly relate to the specific hazards and safety concerns within your workplace.

Employee engagement:

Opt for activities that encourage participation from all levels of employees.

Skill development:

Incorporate competitions that test and develop important safety skills like first aid or emergency response. 

Creativity and awareness:

Include competitions that promote creative thinking and raise awareness about safety issues. 

More specific competition ideas based on industry type:

Construction:

Best fall protection equipment usage demonstration

Safe lifting technique competition

"Identify the hazard" photo challenge on construction sites

Manufacturing:

Machine guarding awareness quiz

Proper lockout/tagout procedure demonstration

Ergonomic workstation design competition

Healthcare:

Hand hygiene compliance challenge

Needle stick prevention awareness quiz

Patient lifting safety technique competition

Office environment:

Workstation ergonomics assessment

Fire drill evacuation time competition

"Safe office practices" video creation

Industrial safety banners typically include

 Industrial safety banners typically include types like prohibition signs (indicating actions not allowed), warning signs (alerting to potential hazards), mandatory signs (required actions), fire safety signs (identifying fire exits and precautions), first aid signs (signaling where first aid is available), and general safety signs conveying broader safety messages, all using standardized colors and symbols to effectively communicate important safety information in a workplace. 

Key points about industrial safety banners:

Color coding:

Different colors are used to signify different types of hazards, like red for fire safety, yellow for warning, and blue for mandatory actions. 

Pictograms:

Visual symbols are used to quickly convey the meaning of the safety message, making them easily understood across language barriers. 

Specific safety concerns:

Banners can be tailored to specific industrial hazards, like electrical safety, chemical handling, or heavy machinery operation. 

Purpose:

To raise awareness about potential risks, promote safe behaviors, and remind workers of important safety procedures. 

A "safety badge" in India typically refers to a small, usually pin-on badge worn during "National Safety Week" to promote awareness and commitment to workplace safety, often featuring a design or message related to safety guidelines, and usually distributed by companies or organizations to their employees during this designated week; it is primarily associated with the National Safety Council (NSC) of India.

 A "safety badge" in India typically refers to a small, usually pin-on badge worn during "National Safety Week" to promote awareness and commitment to workplace safety, often featuring a design or message related to safety guidelines, and usually distributed by companies or organizations to their employees during this designated week; it is primarily associated with the National Safety Council (NSC) of India. 

Key points about safety badges in India:

Purpose:

To visually signify a commitment to safety practices and encourage others to prioritize safety. 

Design:

Often includes safety symbols, slogans, or the National Safety Week logo. 

Distribution:

Commonly given out during National Safety Week by companies to their employees. 

Associated organization:

The National Safety Council (NSC) in India is primarily responsible for promoting safety awareness and initiatives including the National Safety Week. 

National safety pledge 2025

 

A safety walk is a proactive inspection of a workplace to identify potential hazards and risks.

 A safety walk is a proactive inspection of a workplace to identify potential hazards and risks. A safety walkathon is a walk that raises awareness about road safety. 

Safety walk

A safety walk is a systematic inspection of the workplace. 

It can be conducted regularly. 

It involves observing the work environment, equipment, and employee behaviors. 

It can be accompanied by a safety checklist or other documentation. 

It helps the organization implement preventive or mitigation controls to reduce accidents and occupational illnesses. 

Safety walkathon 

A safety walkathon is a walk that raises awareness about road safety.

It can be a fundraisers event.

It can be organized by NGOs to educate people on road safety.

It can be organized by colleges to promote responsible driving.

It can help reduce road accidents and fatalities.

It can help promote a sense of responsibility among the community members.

“Safety & Well-being Crucial for Viksit Bharat”

 

1. What is the purpose of National Safety Week?

National Safety Week aims to promote workplace, industrial, and public safety by educating individuals and organizations about accident prevention and risk management.

2. When is National Safety Week 2025 observed?

National Safety Week 2025 will be observed from March 4th to March 10th.

3. What is the theme for National Safety Week 2025?

 

Theme for National safety day / Week Campaign for the year 2025 is as follows:

 

“Safety & Well-being Crucial for Viksit Bharat”

4. How can organizations participate in National Safety Week?

Companies can participate by conducting safety workshops, organizing drills, and spreading awareness about workplace safety.

5. Who organizes National Safety Week in India?

The National Safety Council (NSC) of India, under the Ministry of Labour and Employment, organizes National Safety Week annually.

National Science Day is celebrated every year on 28th February to commemorate the discovery of the ‘Raman Effect’

Ministry of Science & Technology

azadi ka amrit mahotsav

National Science Day 2025

Posted On: 27 FEB 2025 1:40PM by PIB Delhi

Celebrating the Spirit of Scientific Innovation

National Science Day is celebrated every year on 28th February to commemorate the discovery of the ‘Raman Effect’ made by the eminent physicist Sir C.V. Raman while working in the laboratory of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata. For this discovery, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1930. On National Science Day, theme-based science communication activities are carried out all over the country. The first celebration took place on February 28, 1987, marking the beginning of a tradition that continues to inspire generations. The theme for this year is "Empowering Indian Youth for Global Leadership in Science & Innovation for VIKSIT BHARAT." It emphasizes the role of young minds in driving India's scientific and technological progress, aligning with the vision of Viksit Bharat 2047, which aims for a developed and self-reliant India.

Objectives

The basic objective of the observation of National Science Day is to spread the message of the importance of science and its application among the people. It is celebrated as one of the main science festivals in India every year with the following objectives:

To widely spread a message about the significance of scientific applications in the daily lives of people.

To display all the activities, efforts, and achievements in the field of science for the welfare of human beings

To discuss all the issues and implement new technologies for the development of science

To encourage the people as well as popularize science and technology.

 

Key advancements in Science and Technology: 2024 Highlights

India’s Global Standing in Innovation and IP

India has made remarkable progress in the global science and technology landscape, securing the 39th rank in the Global Innovation Index 2024 and 6th position in global Intellectual Property (IP) filings, as per the WIPO report. The Network Readiness Index (NRI) 2024 also marked India's rise to 49th place from 79th in 2019, showcasing advancements in ICT infrastructure and digital transformation.

Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF): Pioneering Research & Inclusivity

Launched under the ANRF Act 2023, the Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF) is accelerating India’s research and development ecosystem. Several key programs have been introduced:

PM Early Career Research Grant (PMECRG) supports young researchers, providing them with the resources to pursue independent research.

EV Mission aims to foster innovation in electric vehicle technology, making India self-reliant in sustainable mobility.

Partnerships for Accelerated Innovation and Research (PAIR) follows a Hub and Spoke model, ensuring institutional collaboration in scientific research.

Inclusivity Research Grant (IRG) provides financial support to researchers from Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST), promoting equal opportunities in frontier research fields.

National Quantum Mission (NQM): India’s Leap in Quantum Technology

With an investment of ₹6003.65 crore over eight years, the National Quantum Mission (NQM) is positioning India as a leader in quantum computing, communication, sensing, and materials.

A total of 152 researchers from 43 institutions across 17 states and 2 Union Territories are contributing to this mission.

NQM has also laid out guidelines for startup support, ensuring robust mentorship, funding, and resource allocation.

National Supercomputing Mission (NSM): Expanding India’s Computational Power

India’s supercomputing infrastructure has significantly expanded, reaching 32 PetaFlops with the addition of 5 PetaFlops in 2024. The largest supercomputing system, commissioned at the Inter-University Accelerator Centre (IUAC), New Delhi, boasts 3 PetaFlops of computing power. Additional supercomputers at NCRA-Pune and SN Bose Institute-Kolkata further strengthen computational research.

The future roadmap includes adding 45 more PetaFlops, pushing India's supercomputing capabilities to 77 PetaFlops using indigenous technology.

Artificial Intelligence & Cyber-Physical Systems: BharatGen and Beyond

Under the National Mission on Interdisciplinary Cyber-Physical Systems (NM-ICPS), the BharatGen initiative has been launched, focusing on the development of India’s first multimodal, multilingual Large Language Model (LLM) for Generative AI (GenAI).

The I-HUB Quantum Technology Foundation, IISER Pune, has selected eight startups for funding, accelerating research in quantum communication, computing, and sensing.

Plans are underway to upgrade four top-performing Technology Innovation Hubs (TIHs) into Technology Translation Research Parks (TTRPs), boosting commercialization efforts.

Geospatial Science: Expanding Spatial Thinking and Innovation

Geospatial technology adoption has increased through Spatial Thinking Programs in Schools, covering 116 schools across seven states and reaching 6205 students. Additionally, 575 participants have received training in geospatial science through Summer/Winter Schools. Future plans include expanding the program to five additional states and organizing a national event to showcase research and innovation in this field.

Climate Research and Risk Mapping for Disaster Preparedness

India has intensified its efforts in climate resilience, launching four new Centres of Excellence focused on risk mapping for floods and droughts. These initiatives aim to enhance disaster preparedness and climate adaptation strategies across the country.

Technology Development Board (TDB): Funding Innovation for Future Growth

The Technology Development Board (TDB) has provided ₹220.73 crore in funding across seven key projects, accelerating advancements in critical technological sectors. This initiative ensures that startups and innovators receive the necessary financial and infrastructural support to scale their ideas.

Innovation in Science Pursuit for Inspired Research (INSPIRE): Nurturing Scientific Talent

The INSPIRE program, a flagship initiative of the Department of Science & Technology (DST), aims to attract and support young talent in science and research. It fosters innovation across disciplines, including engineering, medicine, agriculture, and veterinary sciences, strengthening India’s S&T and R&D ecosystem.

Key Achievements in 2024:

34343 INSPIRE Scholars, 3363 INSPIRE Fellows, and 316 INSPIRE Faculty Fellows received financial support to pursue higher education and research in Science & Technology.

9 INSPIRE Fellows showcased their research at the 15th JSPS-HOPE Meeting in Kyoto, Japan (Feb 26 - Mar 1, 2024).

INSPIRE Faculty Fellowship intake increased from 100 to 150 per year to support more postdoctoral researchers.

The 11th National Level Exhibition and Project Competition (NLEPC) was held in September 2024 at Pragati Maidan, New Delhi, attracting 10,000 students. The Winners Felicitation Ceremony honored 31 students from 350 finalists at Vigyan Bhavan, New Delhi.

A record-breaking 10,13,157 nominations were received for INSPIRE-MANAK, marking a milestone of one million entries from schools in 2024-25.

A new initiative, "Exposure Visit of Japanese School Students to India," was launched under INSPIRE-MANAK. In August 2024, 10 Japanese students and 2 supervisors visited India to explore advancements in science, technology, industry, and culture.

Future Vision for 2025:

From 2025 onwards, the INSPIRE-MANAK scheme will expand its reach to Class 11 and 12 students, ensuring that more young minds are engaged in scientific innovation at a crucial stage of their education. This initiative is expected to strengthen India's scientific workforce and global leadership in research and development.

Bridging the Gender Gap: Empowering Women to Lead in Science

India has taken significant steps to promote gender parity in STEM. The Department of Science and Technology (DST) has recently implemented the WISE-KIRAN (Women in Science and Engineering-KIRAN) scheme, a comprehensive program designed to support women at various stages of their scientific careers.

Key Initiatives:

WISE-PhD and WISE-Post Doctoral Fellowship (WISE-PDF): Encourages women to pursue research in basic and applied sciences. More than 340 women scientists have been selected under 3 major fellowship programmes namely, WISE-PhD, WISE-PDF and WIDUSHI to carry out research in Basic and Applied Sciences.

Launched two new programmes namely, Women’s International Grants Support (WINGS) for research training in international labs and Women Leadership Programme for early and mid-level women scientists.

Vigyan Jyoti Program: Encourages female students to pursue higher education and careers in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics, and Medicine). Under Vigyan Jyoti, more than 29,000 girls of Class IX-XII from 300 Districts of 34 States/UTs of the country benefitted through various activities and interventions.

Under the CURIE (Consolidation of University Research for Innovation and Excellence) Programme, 22 Women PG Colleges have been selected to establish state-of-the-art research facilities.

The Glorious Heritage

Ancient India was a land of sages and seers as well as a land of scholars and scientists. Research has shown that from making the best steel in the world to teaching the world to count, India was actively contributing to the field of and technology centuries long before modern laboratories were set up.

Driving Innovation for a Brighter Future

National Science Day celebrates India’s scientific progress and commitment to innovation. With advancements in quantum computing, AI, geospatial technology, and climate research, alongside initiatives fostering inclusivity and young talent, India is shaping a future driven by science and technology. As the nation moves towards Viksit Bharat 2047, continued investment in research and innovation will be key to global leadership and sustainable growth.

References

https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=2087506&reg=3&lang=1

https://ncsm.gov.in/hi/resources/blog/28th-february-national-science-day-in-india

https://www.instagram.com/mygovindia/p/DFHOw8fyVnZ/?img_index=7

https://www.online-inspire.gov.in/

https://dst.gov.in/national-science-day-2025

https://indianembassy-moscow.gov.in/pdf/snt/India@75%20Science%20Technology%20Innovation%20Growth%20Story.pdf  

Mahakumbh 2025: A Spectacle of Faith, Unity, and Tradition

Ministry of Information & Broadcasting

azadi ka amrit mahotsav

Mahakumbh 2025: A Spectacle of Faith, Unity, and Tradition

As the sacred waters settle, the echoes of devotion and grandeur leave an everlasting imprint on history

Posted On: 26 FEB 2025 7:22PM by PIB Delhi

Introduction

In a world marked by the hustle of modernity, few events hold the power to bring millions together in pursuit of something greater than themselves. The Maha Kumbh Mela, currently being held from 13 January 2025 to 26 February 2025, is a sacred pilgrimage that is celebrated four times over a course of 12 years. Kumbh Mela, the world’s largest peaceful gathering, draws millions of pilgrims who bathe in sacred rivers seeking to purify themselves from sins and attain spiritual liberation. The Maha Kumbh Mela is deeply embedded in Hindu mythology and represents one of the most significant gatherings of faith in the world. This sacred event rotates between four locations in India-Haridwar, Ujjain, Nashik, and Prayagraj- each situated by a holy river, from the Ganges to the Shipra, the Godavari, and the confluence of the Ganges, Yamuna, and the mythical Sarasvati in Prayagraj. The expected turnout of 45 crore devotees in 45 days was exceeded within a month, reaching 66 crores+ by the concluding day.

Attractions of Kumbh Mela 2025

Triveni Sangam: The sacred confluence of the Ganga, Yamuna, and Saraswati, offering a deeply spiritual experience.

Ancient Temples: Hanuman Mandir, Alopi Devi Mandir, and Mankameshwar Temple, showcasing the city's religious heritage.

Historical Landmarks: Ashoka Pillar, University of Allahabad, and Swaraj Bhawan, reflecting India’s rich history and colonial-era architecture.

Cultural Vibrance: Bustling streets, markets, local art, and cuisine providing a glimpse into the city's life.

Kalagram: Kalagram, set up by the Ministry of Culture in Sector-7 of the Maha Kumbh district, is a vibrant cultural village showcasing India’s rich heritage. Designed around the themes of Craft, Cuisines, and Culture, it offered an immersive experience through performances, exhibitions, and interactive zones.

Akhara Camps: Spiritual hubs where sadhus and seekers engaged in meditation, discussions, and philosophical exchanges.

Immersive Digital Experiences: Inspired by Kumbh 2019, ten stalls facilitating the pilgrims with this experience were specially set up at prime locations in the Kumbh Mela to show videos of major events such as Peshwai, auspicious bathing days, Ganga aarti, etc.

Drone Show: A Grand Drone show was organised by the Uttar Pradesh Tourism Department featuring hundreds of drones creating vibrant shapes in the sky. Devotees were mesmerized by the divine depiction of the Samudra Manthan (churning of the ocean) and Gods drinking from the Amrit Kalash.

Cultural events at the Ganga Pandal: It saw renowned artists from across the country mesmerize devotees with grand presentations of music, dance, and art from 7th - 10th February. The main highlights of the event included performances by famous artists like Odissi dancer Dona Ganguly on 7th; renowned singer Kavita Krishnamurti and Dr. L. Subramaniam on 8th; Suresh Wadkar and Sonal Mansingh on 9th; and, on 10th, celebrated singer Hariharan. In addition, prominent artists from various Indian classical dance and music traditions made the evening musical and grand.

International Bird Festival: Held from February 16-18, 2025, showcasing over 200 migratory and local birds, including endangered species.

Key Rituals and Practices

Shahi Snan: The most significant ritual, where millions bathe at Triveni Sangam to cleanse sins and attain Moksha. Special dates like Paush Purnima and Makar Sankranti witness grand processions of saints and Akharas, marking the official start of the Maha Kumbh.

Ganga Aarti: A visually stunning ritual where priests offer glowing lamps to the sacred river, evoking devotion.

Kalpavas: A month-long period of spiritual discipline where devotees renounce comforts, engage in meditation, and participate in Vedic rituals like Yajnas and Homas.

Prayers & Offerings: Dev Pujan honors deities, while rituals like Shraadh (ancestral offerings) and Veeni Daan (offering hair to the Ganges) symbolize surrender and purification. Acts of charity, such as Gau Daan (cow donation) and Vastra Daan (clothing donation), hold great merit.

Deep Daan: Thousands of lamps are floated on the river, creating a celestial glow that symbolizes devotion and divine blessings.

Prayagraj Panchkoshi Parikrama: A sacred journey around Prayagraj’s holy sites, reviving an ancient tradition and offering spiritual fulfillment.

 

History and Major Bathing Dates

 

The origins of the Kumbh Mela are rooted in Hindu mythology. According to the Samudra Manthan (churning of the ocean) story in the ancient Hindu scriptures, the gods (Devas) and demons (Asuras) fought over the Amrit (nectar of immortality). During this celestial battle, drops of the nectar fell at four locations—Prayagraj, Haridwar, Ujjain, and Nashik—where the Kumbh Mela is now held, with the Maha Kumbh occurring once every 144 years at Prayagraj. Historically, the Maha Kumbh Mela has been referenced since ancient times, with records dating back to the Maurya and Gupta periods. It received royal patronage from various dynasties, including the Mughals, and was documented by colonial administrators like James Prinsep. Over centuries, it evolved into a global spiritual and cultural phenomenon. Recognized by UNESCO as an intangible cultural heritage, the Kumbh Mela symbolizes India’s enduring traditions, fostering unity, spirituality, and cultural exchange among millions worldwide.

The timing of each Kumbh Mela is determined by the astrological positions of the Sun, Moon, and Jupiter, believed to signal an auspicious period for spiritual cleansing and self-enlightenment. The festival embodies a confluence of faith, culture, and tradition, attracting ascetics, seekers, and devotees alike. The event’s grandeur is marked by Shahi Snans (bathing rituals), spiritual discourses, and vibrant cultural processions that reflect India’s deep spiritual heritage.

 

Major bathing dates are:

Date

Bathing Occasion

Significance

Number of Devotees taking a dip

(Approx.)

January 13, 2025

Paush Purnima

It serves as an unofficial inauguration of the Maha Kumbh Mela, signifying the commencement of this grand event. Additionally, Paush Purnima marks the initiation of Kalpvasa, a period of intense spiritual practice and devotion observed by pilgrims during the Maha Kumbh Mela.

1.5 crore

January 14, 2025

Makar Sankranti

(First Shahi Snan)

Makar Sankranti signifies the sun's transition to its next astronomical position in accordance with the Hindu calendar. This auspicious day marks the initiation of charitable donations at the Maha Kumbh Mela. Pilgrims traditionally make contributions based on their own volition and generosity.

3.5 crore

January 29, 2025

Mauni Amavasya

(Second Shahi Snan)

Mauni Amavasya is a day steeped in significance, as it is believed that the celestial alignments are most propitious for the sacred act of bathing in the holy river. It commemorates a profound event when Rishabh Dev, revered as one of the first sages, broke his protracted vow of silence and immersed himself in the purifying waters of the Sangam. As a result, Mauni Amavasya draws the largest congregation of pilgrims to the Kumbh Mela, making it a momentous day of spiritual devotion and purification.

5 crore

February 3, 2025

Basant Panchami

(Third Shahi Snan)

Basant Panchami symbolizes the transition of seasons and celebrates the arrival of the Goddess of Knowledge, Saraswati, in Hindu mythology.

2.33 crore

February 12, 2025

Maghi Purnima

Maghi Purnima is renowned for its connection with the veneration of Guru Brahaspati and the belief that the Hindu deity Gandharva descends from the heavens to the sacred Sangam.

2 crore

February 26, 2025

Maha Shivratri

Maha Shivaratri holds deep symbolism as it marks the final holy bath of the Kalpvasis, and it is intrinsically connected to Lord Shankar.

1.3 crore

 

Key Infrastructure Development

 

Temporary City Setup: Maha Kumbh Nagar had been transformed into a temporary city with thousands of tents and shelters, including super deluxe accommodations like the IRCTC's "Maha Kumbh Gram" luxury tent city which offers deluxe tents and villas with modern amenities.

Roads and Bridges:

Renovation of 92 roads and beautification of 17 major roads

Construction of 30 pontoon bridges using 3,308 pontoons.

Signage for Navigation: A total of 800 multi-language signages (Hindi, English, and regional languages) were installed to guide visitors.

Public Utilities: Over 2,69,000 checkered plates had been laid for pathways. Mobile toilets and robust waste management systems ensured hygiene.

 

Medical Facilities at Maha Kumbh

 

The Maha Kumbh 2025 witnessed an extensive medical setup to ensure the well-being of millions of devotees. With over 2,000 medical personnel deployed across the Mela area, the Uttar Pradesh government implemented high-tech healthcare services in every sector. From minor treatments to major surgeries, all medical needs were addressed efficiently.

 

Key Medical Arrangements:

Central Hospital at Parade Ground:

100-bed capacity

OPD, ICU, and emergency care

Conducted over 10,000 treatments and multiple successful deliveries

Additional Hospitals:

23 hospitals with a total capacity of 360 beds

Two sub-central hospitals (25 beds each)

Eight sector hospitals (20 beds each)

Two infectious disease hospitals (20 beds each)

Medical Services Expansion During Amrit Snan & Magh Purnima:

133 ambulances deployed, including seven river ambulances and one air ambulance

Medical Observation Rooms at key railway stations for emergencies

First aid posts with trained staff at multiple locations

SRN Hospital and Other City Hospitals on High Alert:

250 beds reserved at SRN Hospital

Blood bank stocked with 200 units

Swaroop Rani Nehru Hospital prepared with:

40-bed trauma center

50-bed surgical ICU

50-bed medicine ward

10-bed cardiology ward and ICU

Medical Teams and Emergency Readiness:

300 specialist doctors deployed at the Super Specialty Hospital

Expert doctors from AIIMS Delhi and BHU remained on high alert

150 AYUSH medical personnel provided alternative treatments

Advanced Facilities and AI Integration:

ECG services and Central Pathology Lab conducting 100+ tests daily

50+ free diagnostic tests available for pilgrims

AI-driven translation technology enabled doctors to communicate in 22 regional and 19 international languages

Affordable Medicines through Jan Aushadhi Kendras:

Five Jan Aushadhi Kendras set up in Mahakumbh Nagar, including one in Kalagram

Established under Pradhan Mantri Bhartiya Janaushadhi Pariyojana (PMBJP)

Provided affordable and quality medicines to pilgrims throughout the Mela

Part of a nationwide network of 15,000+ Jan Aushadhi centers, with 62 centers in Prayagraj

Contributed to the national target of ₹2,000 crore in medicine sales, with ₹1,500 crore already achieved.

 

The entire medical infrastructure was continuously monitored by senior officials to ensure smooth operations, cleanliness, and quick emergency responses. These arrangements played a crucial role in managing the healthcare needs of millions at the Maha Kumbh 2025.

 

AYUSH at Maha Kumbh

 

The Ayush OPDs, clinics, stalls, and wellness sessions emerged as major attractions for devotees and visitors at Maha Kumbh 2025, Prayagraj. The Ministry of Ayush, in collaboration with the National Ayush Mission, Uttar Pradesh, provided free healthcare services to both domestic and international pilgrims. With a strong focus on traditional healing systems, Ayush services received widespread participation, reinforcing the global trust in Ayurveda, Homeopathy, and Naturopathy.

 

Key Highlights of Ayush Services:

Extensive Healthcare Support: Over 1.21 lakh devotees availed Ayush services during the festival.

Dedicated Ayush OPDs: A team of 80 doctors across 20 OPDs provided 24x7 medical services, addressing both common and chronic conditions.

International Participation: Foreign devotees also accessed Ayush OPD consultations and wellness therapies.

Yoga Therapy Sessions: Daily therapeutic yoga sessions were conducted from 8:00 AM to 9:00 AM at designated camps in the Sangam area and Sector-8, led by experts from the Morarji Desai National Institute of Yoga (MDNIY), New Delhi.

Integrated Healthcare: Over 7 lakh pilgrims received medical care, including:

4.5 lakh treated at 23 allopathic hospitals

3.71 lakh pathology tests conducted

3,800 minor and 12 major surgeries successfully performed

Specialist Involvement: Experts from AIIMS Delhi, IMS BHU, and international specialists from Canada, Germany, and Russia contributed to providing world-class healthcare.

Traditional Treatments: 20 AYUSH hospitals offered treatments in Ayurveda, Homeopathy, and Naturopathy to over 2.18 lakh pilgrims.

Holistic Wellness: Services such as Panchakarma, yoga therapy, and health awareness campaigns were well-received, enhancing the overall well-being of attendees.

 

Security Measures

Security at Maha Kumbh 2025 had been strengthened through a seven-tier system with AI-powered surveillance, a vast deployment of personnel, and emergency response mechanisms. Over 50,000 security personnel, including paramilitary forces, 14,000 home guards, and 2,750 AI-based CCTV cameras, had been deployed. Enhanced measures included drone and underwater surveillance, cyber security, and river safety. Fire safety infrastructure had been expanded with specialized vehicles and firefighting stations. Lost and Found centers used digital registration and social media updates to reunite missing persons with their families.

 

Key Security Measures

Surveillance and Law Enforcement

AI & Drone Monitoring: 2,750 AI-powered cameras, drones, anti-drones, and tethered drones for real-time tracking.

Underwater Drones: First-time deployment for 24/7 river surveillance, operating up to 100 meters deep.

Checkpoints & Intelligence Squads: Screening at multiple entry points, hotel and vendor inspections, and patrols.

Seven-Tier Security System: Layered protection from the outer perimeter to the inner sanctum.

 

Fire Safety Measures

₹131.48 crore allocated for fire safety, ensuring the deployment of:

351 firefighting vehicles.

50+ fire stations and 20 fire posts.

Four Articulating Water Towers (AWT) equipped with thermal cameras, reaching 35 meters in height.

Over 2,000 trained fire personnel.

Fire safety equipment installed in all tent settlements.

 

Emergency & Disaster Response

Multi-Disaster Response Vehicles: Equipped with lifting bags (10-20 tonnes), rescue tools, and victim location cameras.

Remote-Controlled Life Buoys: Deployed for immediate water rescue operations.

Incident Response System (IRS): Ensures swift emergency handling through a coordinated command structure.

 

Enhanced River Security

3,800 Water Police personnel deployed, including 2,500 currently on duty and 1,300 additional personnel before the event.

11 FRP Speed Motor Boats and four Anaconda motorboats with built-in changing rooms for patrol.

Three Water Police Stations & Two Floating Rescue Stations operating 24/7.

Four Water Ambulances equipped with medical facilities stationed along the river.

Deep-Water Barricading: An 8-km stretch secured to prevent accidents.

Equipment Deployment: 100 diving kits, 440 lifebuoys, and over 3,000 life jackets.

 

Overall Deployment & Infrastructure

Security Forces: 10,000+ police personnel, NDRF, SDRF, CAPF, PAC, and bomb disposal squads.

Prayagraj Police Infrastructure:

57 permanent police stations.

13 temporary police stations.

23 security checkpoints.

8 zones, 18 security sectors.

700+ boats with police and disaster response personnel stationed along the rivers.

Mock Drills & Inspections: Conducted by police and ATS teams for security preparedness.

 

CRPF's Role in Maha Kumbh 2025

24/7 Security: Personnel deployed at ghats, Mela grounds, and key routes.

Use of Modern Technology: Vigilant monitoring to handle emergencies effectively.

Guidance & Assistance: Helping devotees navigate massive crowds with a polite approach.

Disaster Management: Rapid response team on high alert for crises.

Humanitarian Efforts: Assisting in reuniting lost children and elderly with their families.

 

Cyber Security at Maha Kumbh

More than 65 crore devotees have visited the Maha Kumbh Nagar. To ensure that such a large number of devotees are well-informed, the Uttar Pradesh government had decided to utilize every platform, including print, digital, and social media. Cyber experts have been actively monitoring online threats and investigating gangs exploiting platforms such as AI, Facebook, X, and Instagram. A mobile cyber team was also deployed for large-scale public awareness campaigns.

Special cyber security arrangements were initiated to safeguard devotees from across the globe:

Deployment of 56 dedicated cyber warriors and experts for cyber patrolling.

Establishment of a Maha Kumbh cyber police station to counter cyber threats like fraudulent websites, social media scams, and fake links.

40 Variable Messaging Displays (VMDs) installed in both the fair area and the commissionerates for raising awareness about cyber threats.

Formation of a dedicated helpline number, 1920, and promotion of verified government websites.

 

Ease of Making Payments at Maha Kumbh

Seamless Digital Banking Services: Ensuring convenience, safety, and security for millions of devotees and pilgrims.

Service Infrastructure: Service counters, mobile banking units, and customer assistance kiosks at five key locations.

Daak Sevaks: Trusted Daak Sevaks offering doorstep banking services for cash withdrawals via Aadhaar-linked accounts through AePS (Aadhaar ATM).

‘Banking at Call’ facility: Pilgrims can dial 7458025511 to access banking services anywhere within Maha Kumbh.

Empowering Digital Transactions: Enabling local vendors and businesses to accept digital payments through DakPay QR Cards, fostering a cashless ecosystem.

Awareness Campaigns: Educating pilgrims and vendors through trained professionals, Daak Sevaks, hoardings, and digital demonstrations and assisting with account openings, transactions, and queries.

Memorabilia Offer: Free printed photographs for visitors as a keepsake.

Railway Transportation at Maha Kumbh

Maha Kumbh 2025, necessitated extensive preparations by Indian Railways to ensure seamless transportation, safety, and infrastructure readiness. Indian Railways has undertaken massive operational, infrastructural, and security measures to handle the unprecedented influx of devotees at Prayagraj and adjoining regions.

1. Operational Measures To manage the surge in passengers, Indian Railways has implemented the following measures:

Special Train Services: Over 1,000 special trains are being introduced on high-demand routes to Prayagraj from various parts of India.

Increased Train Frequencies: Regular trains operating on critical routes have been augmented to handle additional passengers.

Reservation System Enhancements: Tatkal and special booking counters have been set up to facilitate smooth ticketing.

Dedicated Help Desks: Information booths and inquiry counters have been increased at major railway stations to assist pilgrims.

2. Security and Crowd Management Given the large congregation, security measures have been significantly bolstered:

Deployment of RPF and GRP Personnel: More than 10,000 personnel from the Railway Protection Force (RPF) and Government Railway Police (GRP) have been deployed at key stations.

CCTV Surveillance: High-resolution CCTV cameras have been installed across railway stations and inside trains for real-time monitoring.

Drone Surveillance: Drones are being used for crowd monitoring and quick response to emergencies.

AI-Based Crowd Management Systems: 

Safety First: Understanding Unsafe Acts vs. Unsafe Conditions** 🚨

 Safety First: Understanding Unsafe Acts vs. Unsafe Conditions** 🚨 

In any workplace, safety is a shared responsibility. To foster a culture of safety, it’s crucial to understand the difference between **unsafe acts** and **unsafe conditions**—and how both can be prevented. 

🔸 **Unsafe Acts**: These are actions or behaviors by individuals that deviate from safe work practices. Examples include: 

- Not wearing proper PPE 

- Bypassing safety protocols 

- Using equipment improperly 

- Rushing or taking shortcuts 

🔸 **Unsafe Conditions**: These are hazards in the environment that can cause harm. Examples include: 

- Slippery floors or cluttered walkways 

- Faulty machinery or equipment 

- Poor lighting or ventilation 

- Lack of guardrails or safety signage 

Both unsafe acts and unsafe conditions can lead to accidents, injuries, or worse. But here’s the good news: **they are preventable!** 

✅ **What can we do?** 

1. **Stay vigilant**: Report unsafe conditions immediately and correct them if possible. 

2. **Follow procedures**: Always adhere to safety protocols—no shortcuts! 

3. **Speak up**: If you see an unsafe act, address it respectfully and encourage safer practices. 

4. **Educate**: Regular training and awareness can help everyone recognize and mitigate risks. 

Remember, safety isn’t just a policy—it’s a mindset. Let’s all do our part to create a safer, healthier workplace for everyone. 💪

Safety First !!!☝️

Segregating Waste At Source Important For Environment: SC

Segregating Waste At Source Important For Environment: SC

By - Verdictum News Desk

Update: 2025-02-24 12:00 GMT

Segregating Waste At Source Important For Environment: SC

The Supreme Court today said segregation of waste at source was of "vital importance" for the environment and asked the NCR states for the compliances made in adherence to the Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016.

A bench of Justice Abhay S Oka and Justice Ujjal Bhuyan said the non-compliance in adhering to the 2016 Rules had affected all cities in the country.

"In one of the orders, we have observed that all smart city projects are in progress. How the cities can become smart without compliance with the Solid Waste Management Rules?" the bench asked.

The National Capital Region (NCR) comprises Delhi and certain districts of Haryana, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan.

If there was no proper segregation of waste, the court said, even waste-to-energy projects would create more pollution.

Senior Advocate Aparajita Singh, the amicus curiae in the pollution matter, referred to solid waste management in the NCR while flagging the low percentage of segregation of waste.

She said sending unsegregated waste to waste-to-energy plants caused more pollution.

"As rightly submitted by the amicus curiae, the segregation of waste at source is of vital importance for the environment. If their is no proper segregation, even waste-to-energy projects will create more pollution," the bench said.

The NCR states were ordered to file affidavits dealing with the compliances of all the urban local bodies with the provisions of the 2016 Rules so far. They have been asked to file the affidavits by end of March following which the matter would be taken up.

The bench has also asked the states to set out a comprehensive plan for waste management along with timelines and implementing agencies and said, "Needless to add that the affidavits will state compliance in relation to all urban local bodies within the NCR."

The authorities were asked to set out the "best practices" they proposed to follow for solid waste management.

The bench in the meantime directed the Central Pollution Control Board to submit a report on the impact of waste-to-energy projects on the environment.

While dealing with the issue of solid waste management in the national capital previously, the court said if there was no real solution to tackle the issue of untreated solid waste generated per day, it would consider passing drastic orders to stop certain construction activities.

It had flagged the failure of the Delhi government and the municipal corporation to comply with the 2016 Rules.

"We are facing a huge problem which arises due to the fact that approximately 3,000 tonne of solid waste generated every day in Delhi remains untreated. With the passage of time, this figure is bound to increase," it said on January 27.

The aspect of solid waste management in Delhi-NCR came about when the apex court was hearing the issue of pollution in the NCR.

Ecological succession is a process of change in ecosystems that affect the structure of the species over time.

 🏜Ecological succession is a process of change in ecosystems that affect the structure of the species over time.

 1. Each community creates conditions that subsequently allow next communities to adapt to a habitat.

 2. Gradually, the decomposition of biomass contributes to soil formation.

 3. When mature soil is formed and enough amount of nutrients become available the climax community (stable ecosystem e.g. a forest), is attained.

 4. A climax community will persist in a given location until novel disturbances occur.

 Microbiome consortia are an important part of this process.

The adaptation of regenerative farming practices can thus help to avoid soil disturbance and leave room for natural soil formation processes.

Following stages of secondary succession, soil cores demonstrating the development of a litter and humus layer on sandy soil in regenerating boreal forest after clearance for agriculture.

Credit: Green Planet Initiative 2050™ 🌳

Planning To Change SEIAA & DEIAA Process For Grant Of Environmental Clearance : Union Tells Supreme Court

By - Anmol Kaur Bawatwitter-greylinkedinUpdate: 2025-02-20 14:15 GMT

The Union of India today (February 20) informed the Supreme Court that it would propose key changes in the District Environment Impact Assessment Authorities (DEIAA) and State Environment Impact Assessment Authorities (SEIAA), which grant environmental clearances.

The bench of CJI Sanjiv Khanna, Justice Sanjay Kumar and Justice KV Viswanathan was hearing a civil appeal against an order of the National Green Tribunal which disapproved of the grant of Environment Clearances in certain leases by the District Environment Impact Assessment Authorities (DEIAA) instead of State Environment Impact Assessment Authorities (SEIAA)

Previously, the Court directed State Governments to constitute SEIAA within 6 weeks wherever they have not been formed.

Today, Additional Solicitor General (ASG) Aishwarya Bhati for the Union informed of the proposed changes that the government plans to bring in the composition of the SEIAAs. The Union also submitted that it would file an affidavit explaining the proposed changes to the threshold for environmental appraisals and introducing an Environmental Management Plan where the mining clusters are within 5 hectares. ASG verbally submitted that it also proposes to assign clusters between 5-25 hectares to SEIAA instead of DEIAA.

Considering the same, the Court directed the Union to submit the proposed changes by February 24 in its affidavit. The CJI also verbally remarked on the need to ensure that equitable voting rights are given in the SEIAA while approving a mining lease proposal. He said : 

"We are making it very clear, as far as the voting rights are concerned, when it comes to accepting or rejecting the proposal, the 3 members of yours will have two votes, you will not have the casting vote....as far as experts are concerned, they will have 3 votes, else they will be outnumbered.

"I don't think any of the deputy commissioners or sub-divisional magistrates will be able to take a different view than one taken by the District Collector, he is working under him." 

ASG suggested that the sub-divisional magistrate could then be appointed as member-secretary without any voting right. ASG then clarified to the bench that the SEIAA and State Level Expert Appraisal Committee (SEAC) will have separate experts and members.

Notably, the SEAC is the advisory authority to SEIAA on issues of environmental clearances. Upon receiving the view of the SEAC, the SEIAA decides whether to grant clearances or not. 

The bench was also of the view to reduce the years of work experience required for eligibility to be expert members in the Appraisal Authority so formed. The CJI verbally remarked :

" We will reduce the number of years prescribed over here, instead of 15 years we will make it 10 years and instead of 10 years we can make it 6 or 7 years"

Notably, the expert member in the authority/ committee presently needs to at least 15 years of field experience or an advanced degree in a concerned field and at least 10 years of relevant experience. 

However, he expressly clarified that the selection would be done through public advertisement and the Selection Committee would consist of the Chairperson of the State Pollution Control Board, the Senior most Forets Officer in the State, one of the expert members in the SEAC to be nominated by the SEAC itself. 

ASG informed that for the composition of DEIAA, the following is proposed : (1) Chairman to be the Sub-divisional officer of the Forest Department, (2) representative of the State Pollution Control Board/ Committee to be the member secretary; (3) 4 experts. 

The matter will now be heard on February 27. 

Background 

The Court was hearing a challenge by the Union to the order of NGT, Delhi dated September 13, 2018 which directed the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change to revise its 2016 notification which exempts regulatory clearances in mining leases for areas from 0 to 25 hectares.

The notifications challenged before the NGT dated 15.01.2016, 20.01.2016 and 01.07.2016 had the effect of diluting the procedure for obtaining environmental clearance in respect of mining of minor minerals for areas from 0 to 25 hectares as it brought such leases within 'B-2 category projects' where Public Consultation, Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) and Environment Management Plan (EMP) was exempted.

Notably, under the B-2 category projects, the EC was to be granted by the DEIAA as opposed to SEIAA which oversees grants in B-1 category projects (leases of areas between 50-25 hectares).

The bench of NGT noted that such notifications, particularly of January 15, 2016 were contrary to the Supreme Court decision in Deepak Kumar Vs. State of Haryana & Ors, where it was held that all mining leases in respect of its size would require to obtain Environmental Clearance and be subjected to strict regulatory framework as that of all major minerals.

Subsequent to this, the Union issued an Office Memorandum (OM) dated 12.12.2018 by which the District Environment Impact Assessment Authorities (DEIAA) were made dysfunctional. The workload of the DEIAA was then delegated to SEIAA. Another set of O.Ms dated 15.12.2021 and 28.04.2023 was issued where all the EC grants for mining leases under the B2 project categories were to be made by SEIAA instead of DEIAA.

In light of the above, several ECs issued by DEIAA between the period from January 15, 2016 to September 13, 2018 were to be re-appraised by SEIAA. Thus the Top Court on November 12 extended time for re-appraisal of the ECs falling within such a period by SEIAA by March 31, 2025.

Supreme Court Sand Minning Lease CJI Sanjiv Khanna and Justice Sanjay Kumar Justice KV Viswanathan 

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Phenyl liquid is commonly used as a disinfectant

 Phenyl liquid is commonly used as a disinfectant, particularly for cleaning floors and surfaces in homes, hospitals, and other areas, as it is designed to kill microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, and viruses due to its active ingredient, phenol, which has disinfectant properties; however, it should be used with caution as improper dilution can be harmful to health. 

Key points about Phenyl as a disinfectant:

Mechanism:

Phenyl works by disrupting the cell membranes of microorganisms, leading to their death. 

Common applications:

Cleaning floors, toilets, drains, and other surfaces in high-traffic areas. 

Important considerations:

Dilution: Always dilute Phenyl with water before use according to the manufacturer's instructions. 

Potential hazards: Direct contact with concentrated Phenyl can cause skin irritation, eye damage, and respiratory issues. 

Odor: Phenyl has a strong odor which can be unpleasant for some people. 

Bleaching powder is used to treat water by acting as a disinfectant, releasing chlorine when mixed with water,

 Bleaching powder is used to treat water by acting as a disinfectant, releasing chlorine when mixed with water, which kills bacteria and other harmful microorganisms, effectively purifying the water for consumption; it is also known as calcium hypochlorite and is commonly used for water sanitation on both small and large scales. 

Key points about using bleaching powder for water treatment:

Active ingredient:

When mixed with water, bleaching powder releases chlorine gas, which is the primary disinfectant agent. 

Disinfection process:

The chlorine released by bleaching powder reacts with water, killing bacteria and other pathogens. 

Important consideration:

Precise dosage is crucial as too much bleaching powder can be harmful to health. 

Application:

Bleaching powder can be used for disinfecting drinking water, swimming pools, and other water sources. 

The Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for N-(1-Naphthyl)ethylenediamine dihydrochloride (NEDA)

 The Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for N-(1-Naphthyl)ethylenediamine dihydrochloride (NEDA) lists information about the chemical's safety and health. The SDS is prepared by the manufacturer or importer of the chemical. 

SDS sections

Identification

Information about the chemical's name, CAS number, and other identifiers 

Hazards

Information about the chemical's potential health effects, such as skin and eye irritation 

Safe handling

Information about how to safely handle the chemical, such as wearing protective gloves and eye protection 

Emergency control

Information about how to respond to an emergency involving the chemical, such as fire fighting 

SDS for NEDA

You can download or view the SDS for NEDA from Merck Millipore 

The SDS for NEDA lists the following safety precautions:

Wash skin thoroughly after handling 

Wear protective gloves, eye protection, and face protection 

If on skin, wash with plenty of water 

If in eyes, rinse cautiously with water for several minutes 

If skin irritation occurs, get medical advice 

If eye irritation persists, get medical advice 

Other names for SDS

The SDS is also known as the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or Product Safety Data Sheet (PSDS). 

Celebrating a Decade of Soil Health Cards

Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare

azadi ka amrit mahotsav

Celebrating a Decade of Soil Health Cards

Swasth Dharaa, Khet Haraa

Posted On: 18 FEB 2025 5:51PM by PIB Delhi

Introduction

The Soil Health Card Scheme was introduced by Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi on 19th February, 2015 at Suratgarh, Rajasthan. The scheme was launched to assist State Governments to issue soil health cards to all farmers in the country. Soil health card provides information to farmers on nutrient status of their soil along with recommendation on appropriate dosage of nutrients to be applied for improving soil health and its fertility.

The Soil Health Card Portal (www.soilhealth.dac.gov.in) facilitates generation of Soil Health Cards for the benefit of farmers in uniform and standardized format across country in all major languages and 5 dialects.

The Soil Health Card contains status of the soil with respect to 12 parameters, namely N,P,K, S (Macro-nutrients); Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, Bo (Micro - nutrients) ; and pH (Acidity or Basicity), EC (Electrical Conductivity) and OC (Organic Carbon).

Based on this, the card will also indicate fertilizer recommendations and soil amendment required for the farm. Soil Samples are taken generally two times in a year, after harvesting of Rabi and Kharif Crop respectively or when there is no standing crop in the field.

The Guideline of Village Level Soil Testing Labs (VLSTLs) was issued in June 2023. VLSTLs can be set up by individual entrepreneurs i.e. rural youth and community based entrepreneurs, including Self Help Groups (SHGs), Schools, Agriculture Universities etc. The beneficiary/village level entrepreneur should be a youth whose age should not be below 18 years and should not be more than 27 years. Self Help Groups, Farmers Producers Organisation (FPO) can also be enrolled as VLSTL.

As of February 2025, 665 Village-level Soil Testing Labs have been established in 17 States.

School Soil Health Programme

A pilot project on School Soil Health Programme has been undertaken by Department of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare in (DA&FW) collaboration with Department of School Education & Literacy (DSE&L), Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) and State Governments in 20 schools (10 Kendriya Vidyalaya & 10 Navodaya Vidyalaya) in rural areas. The aim is to make students aware about soil health for sustainable agriculture practices. 20 soil health labs were set up in these schools. Modules for students from class VI to XII and teachers were developed and disseminated. Under the programme, soil samples were collected by School Students and soil testing were also done by students and SHCs were generated Students also educated farmers about the recommendation of Soil health card for judicious use of fertilizer and crop recommendation.

As of 2024, 1020 schools are implementing the School Soil Health Programme, with 1000 soil testing labs set up and 125,972 students enrolled.

Soil Health Card scheme has been merged in Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY) scheme as one of its components under the name ‘Soil Health & Fertility’ from the year 2022-23.

Technological Advancements

SHC Mobile App-

To further ease the process of obtaining easy access to the Soil Health Card, the Government of India in 2023 made technological interventions in the New Soil Health Card Scheme. The Soil Health Card portal was revamped and integrated with a Geographic Information System (GIS) system so that all the test results are captured and seen on a map. To make the implementation/monitoring of the scheme smooth and to facilitate farmers an easy access to his soil health card, the mobile application has been made robust with the additional features such as:

Restrict the sample collection region for the Village Level Entrepreneur/Operator collecting the soil samples

Auto selection of the latitude and longitude of the location

Generation of a QR code to link with the sample and test results of all samples directly on the portal from the geo-mapped labs, without any manual intervention.

This application provides the graphical information of all over the India and also shows multiple layers State Boundary, District Boundary, Taluka Boundary, Panchayat Boundary and Cadastral Boundary.

The new system was rolled out in April 2023 and samples are now being collected through the mobile application. Soil Health Cards are now generated on this revamped portal.

For digitizing the Soil Health Cards, Web based work flow application Soil Health Card portal has been designed and developed by National Informatics Centre (NIC).

Conclusion

The Soil Health Card Scheme has transformed agricultural practices in India over the past decade. Since 2015, it has empowered farmers with crucial information on soil nutrient status and optimal fertilizer use, promoting sustainable farming and improved crop productivity. Initiatives like the School Soil Health Programme have expanded soil health awareness among students and local communities. With a robust mobile app, the process of obtaining a Soil Health Card has enhanced accessibility, efficiency, and transparency. As the scheme evolves, it continues to play a vital role in fostering sustainable agricultural development and safeguarding India’s soil health for future generations.

References:

https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1603379

LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO.657

https://www.myscheme.gov.in/schemes/rkvyshfshc

https://soilhealth.dac.gov.in/files/FAQ_Final_English.pdf

https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2099759

https://rkvy.da.gov.in/

https://soilhealth.dac.gov.in/files/documents/DOletter-1000Schools.pdf

https://pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=2090993&reg=3&lang=1

https://www.myscheme.gov.in/schemes/rkvyshfshc

https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.soilhealthcard&hl=en_IN

https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1947891

https://www.myscheme.gov.in/schemes/rkvyshfshc#application-process

Kindlty find the pdf file 

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