In India, the primary law governing emergency preparedness is the Disaster Management Act, 2005 which provides a comprehensive framework for disaster prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery across all levels of government; other relevant laws include:
The Indian Penal Code, 1860: Applicable for criminal offenses related to disaster situations.
The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973: Provides legal procedures for emergency response and investigation
The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986: Covers environmental aspects of disaster management, including pollution control
The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981: Deals with air pollution that may be aggravated during emergencies
The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974: Covers water pollution related to disaster situations
The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980: Relevant for managing forest areas impacted by disasters
The Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991: Ensures insurance coverage for potential industrial accidents causing disasters
The Factories Act, 1948: Regulations for industrial safety relevant during emergencies
Key points about the Disaster Management Act, 2005:
National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA): Established under the Act to coordinate disaster management at the national level.
State Disaster Management Authorities (SDMAs): Similar structure at the state level
District Disaster Management Authorities (DDMAs): Local level implementation of disaster management plans
Disaster Management Plans: Mandatory for all states and districts, outlining preparedness strategies for different types of disasters
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