Type (qualification) tests............................................................................................................................................................27
5.2.1
General requirements...............................................................................................................................................27
5.2.2
Basic test arrangements.........................................................................................................................................27
5.2.3
Reference test conditions......................................................................................................................................27
5.2.4
Electrical tests.................................................................................................................................................................29
5.2.5
Pressure test.....................................................................................................................................................................31
5.2.6
Leakage test.......................................................................................................................................................................32
5.2.7
Dilution tests ....................................................................................................................................................................33
5.2.8
Protection against the spread of fire tests..............................................................................................34
5.2.9
Temperature tests........................................................................................................................................................34
5.2.10 Environmental test......................................................................................................................................................34
5.2.11 Performance tests........................................................................................................................................................35
5.2.12 Spillage, overflow, and drain test....................................................................................................................35
5.2.13 Mechanical strength...................................................................................................................................................35
5.2.14 Stability test......................................................................................................................................................................35
5.2.15 Vent tests .............................................................................................................................................................................35
5.2.16 Sound level test..............................................................................................................................................................37
5.3
Routine tests ..........................................................................................................................................................................................38
5.3.1
General requirements...............................................................................................................................................38
5.3.2
Continuity of the protective bonding circuit test..............................................................................38
5.3.3
Voltage test.........................................................................................................................................................................38
5.3.4
Functional tests..............................................................................................................................................................38
5.3.5
Leakage test.......................................................................................................................................................................38
6
Marking and labelling
..................................................................................................................................................................................
38
6.1
General requirements....................................................................................................................................................................
38
6.2
Hydrogen generator marking
..................................................................................................................................................
39
6.3
Marking of components ...............................................................................................................................................................39
6.4
Warning signs .......................................................................................................................................................................................
39
7
Documentation accompanying the hydrogen generator
.........................................................................................
40
7.1
General........................................................................................................................................................................................................40
7.2
Hydrogen generator ratings .....................................................................................................................................................40
7.3
Hydrogen generator installation..........................................................................................................................................41
7.3.1
General...................................................................................................................................................................................41
7.3.2
Specific requirements for permanently connected hydrogen generators ..................41
7.3.3
Specific requirements for indoor installations...................................................................................41
7.3.4
Specific requirements for built-in hydrogen generator appliances..................................42
7.3.5
Lifting......................................................................................................................................................................................42
7.4
Hydrogen generator operation..............................................................................................................................................42
7.5
Hydrogen generator maintenance ......................................................................................................................................43
Annex A (informative) Hydrogen-assisted corrosion.......................................................................................................................44
Annex B (informative) Flammability limits of hydrogen..............................................................................................................45
Bibliography.................................................
Water pretreatment methods for removing silica include electrocoagulation, reverse osmosis, ion exchange, ultrafiltration, and lime softening.
ReplyDeleteElectrocoagulation
Uses an electric field to charge and separate contaminants from water
Can also remove hard mineral deposits and plastic impurities
Reverse osmosis
Can reduce both colloidal and reactive silica
Requires pretreatment to remove chlorine, chloramine, and hardness
Is the most efficient way to remove silica from brackish water
Ion exchange
Strongly basic ion exchange resins can remove weakly ionized species like silica
Ultrafiltration
Uses membranes with very small pores to filter out solid matter on a microscopic level
Can remove colloidal silica, but not reactive silica
Lime softening Can reduce soluble and insoluble silica and Primarily used to control water hardness.
Silica removal benefits
Effective silica removal is important for machinery that uses large amounts of water, such as boilers and cooling towers. Silica can lead to reduced performance, premature equipment breakdown, and constant maintenance.
Alum and polyelectrolytes can be used together to remove silica from water. Alum is a traditional coagulant that's effective for removing silica. Polyelectrolytes can improve the efficiency of silica removal when used with alum.
ReplyDeleteHow it works
Alum and polyelectrolytes work together to remove silica through coagulation and flocculation.
The addition of polyacrylic acid (PAA) as a flocculant can improve the removal of silica.
The precipitation of aluminum flocs is a major mechanism for removing silica.
Charge adsorption is also important for improving removal efficiency.
When it's used
Alum and polyelectrolytes are used in water treatment to remove silica from pulp and paper mill effluents, industrial wastewater, and water supplies.
Removing silica from industrial waters is important for power generation and electronics.
Other silica removal methods: Electrocoagulation, In-line coagulation/ultrafiltration, Anion exchange, Chemical (lime or caustic soda) softening, and Electrodeionization (EDI).